高考英语动词动与词短语.doc

The old men unable to express himself fell silent fall asleep fall ill fall lame fall silent 进入某种状态成为 fall The trees turn red in autumn He has turned writer 多接表示颜色或天气的形容词或不带冠词的名词 成为与以前完全不同的东西 turn The well has run dry run shortrun dry 变成 run Its growing warm 常可接表示天气的形容词 渐渐变得起来长得强调其变化过程 grow She has become a lawyer He became angry with me becomea n 名词 成为普通用 语多表示过 去完成的事 become The days are getting longer and longer 后接形容词分词介词短语 变成变得起 来较口语化强调逐渐 get The young man seemed to have changed much It seems that she is happy seem to beadjnprep seem to do It seems that seems as if though 似乎好像 指说话人内心的估计与判断有一定依据接近于实际情况 seem He appeared to be talking to himself It appears that they are right The river appeared as if enveloped in smog appear to beadjnprep appear to do It appears that appear as if though 显得好像 常用于正式文 体中指给他 人的表面印象 有时含有实质 上并非如此之意 appear She looks like her mother It looks as if we are going to have snow lookadjnprep look like look as ifthough 好像看起来一般用于非正式场合侧重由视觉得到的印象 look 考点三考查主动形式表被动意义的用法 1need want require 要求需要 deserve 应得值得 be worth 值得 后面接doing主动形式表被动意义 The book is worth reading 2不定式作定语放在被修饰词后面与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系不定式要用主动表被动含义 I have much work to do与work有动宾关系与I有主谓关系 比较I have a letter to be typed 3不定式作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时 主语系动词形容词不定式 如果形容词是表示难易利弊等含义时 difficult easy comfortable convenient hard cheap expensive etc 不定式用主动表被动 The question is difficult to answer The work is easy to do Its easy to do the work 4有些动词 短语 只有主动形式常视为主动表被动 take place happen break out等 A big fire happenedtook placebroke out last night 一些动词如sell 销售 wash 洗 clean 打扫 burn 燃烧 cook 煮 write 写 等与副词如well 好 easily 容易地 perfectly 十分地 等连用描绘事物的特性用主动表被动结构是主语动词副词 The book sells well 动词和动词短语 一些常用行为动词的用法比较 1lay和lie 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 意思 用法 lie lay lain lying 躺位于 不及物 动词 lie lied lied lying 说谎 不及物 动词 lay laid laid laying 放置产卵 及物动词 He lied to me that he had finished his homework 他向我撒谎说完成作业了 He laid the baby on the bed 他把婴儿放在床上 2ariserise和raise 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 意思 用法 arise arose arisen arising 出现发生兴起 不及物 动词 rise rose risen rising 上升起身 不及物 动词 raise raised raised raising 举起提高 唤起饲养 及物动词 The river has risen by several metres 河水上涨了好几米 Its difficult raising a family on a small income 依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的 3hang的用法 原形 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 意思 用法 hang hung hung hanging 吊挂 及物动词不及物动词 hanged hanged hanging 绞死 及物动词 He hung his clothes on the wall 他把衣服挂在墙上 The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged 杀人犯被绞死了为死者报了仇 4可用于动词sbof sth的常用动词 accuse 控告 cheat 欺骗 cure 治愈 inform 通知 remind 提醒 rid 摆脱 rob 抢劫 warn 警告 This photo reminds me of my school days 这张照片使我想起了学校生活 The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding 5可用于动词sbfor doing sth 的常用动词 blame 指责 criticise 批评 forgive 原谅 excuse 原谅 pardon 原谅 punish 惩罚 scold 指责 thank 感谢 Forgive me for saying sobut I think thats nonsense 原谅我这样说但是我认为没意义 I dont blame you for doing that我不责备你做了那事 考点四考查易混短语的用法 动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词不同搭配含意上的辨析及不同短语的辨析 1 Agree短语 sb agree with sb某人同意某人的话意见 sth agree with sb 某物某事适应某人 agree to the plandecisionarrangement 同意计划决定安排 agree on sth 就达成共识 agree to do sth 同意干某事 2 Break短语 break away from 与脱离改掉习惯 break down身体垮掉计划谈判失败汽车抛锚分解强调化学变化 break ininto 闯入 break off折断断绝 break out fire disease war etc突发爆发火灾疾病战争等 break up 打碎分裂分解 强调化学变化 3 Bring短语 bring about 引起造成实现bring back 拿回使回忆起来 bring down 使倒下降低bring in挣得介绍引进 bring on 引起 导致bring out 揭示揭露 bring to light 揭露 使了解到bring up 抚养呕吐 4 Call短语 call at sp拜访某地call onupon sb 访问拜访某人 call for 要求需要call in 召集请来 call off取消call up打电话令人想起 5 Carry短语 carry on 进行进行下去 carry out贯彻执行 carry through 顺利完成顺利实现 动词与动词短语 2012高考英语语法复习系列课件 1动词短语为主动词为辅 在近几年所考查的动词与动词短语的题中考查动词短语的占多数 2考查动词的词义辨析 包括常见动词用法辨析近义词辨析词形相近词辨析用法相近词辨析 3考查动词短语辨析 主要包括同根动词短语的辨析同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及动词副词介词短语的辨析在动词短语的测试中绝大多数为基础动词的考查出现频率较高的词有getturnmakeputgogivebreakcutcomelookkeepbringshowpickholdfallcarrypullcatchcalltake等 技巧点拨 动词与动词短语的考查实际上是词汇知识与语言环境的考查因此我们要注意以下两个问题 1熟记考试大纲词汇的意义与用法 分析近几年的高考试题我们发现尽管动词与动词短语的考查非常丰富但是万变不离其宗都没有脱离考试大纲因此对考试大纲中动词与其短语的熟练掌握是我们解决问题的关键在动词与短语单项填空题中我们出错的原因大部分是对其意义掌握不全面 2分析语言环境做到对症下药 在搞明白了各选项的意义后我们要充分分析题干然后依据题干所含的语境确定选项 专题导读 动词及其短语的灵活运用是英语的特色之一也是学生学习中的难点因此每年均为测试的重点在历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用其考点主要涉及以下几个方面 1 考查动词的词义辨析包括常见动词用法辨析近义词辨析词形相近词辨析等 2 考查动词的搭配形式如动词与名词的搭配动词与介词副词的搭配等 3 考查动词短语辨析主要包括同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析 不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析以及动词副词介词短语的辨析在动词词组的测试中绝大多数为基础动词的考查出现频率较高的词有get turn make put go give break cut come look keep bring show pick hold fall carry pull catch call take等 4 考查系动词动词作系动词用时后面常接形容词名词分词和不定式等此时动词没有进行时和被动语态这类动词有appear become feel look sound seem taste prove remain stay smell grow turn go come fall stand lie exist等 2012年除了要重视动词的基本考点外还要重视以下几个方面的难点 1 易混的基础动词及其词组 2 与汉语习惯有出入的动词用法 3 部分基础动词及其词组的较高级用法 专题导读 解析 B句意我可以忍受房子不整洁但是如果不干净的话我会厌恶考查动词短语辨析put up with忍受come up with想出turn to转向求助于翻到stick to坚持 1 2011课标全国卷 I can _ the house being untidy but I hate it if its not clean Acome up with Bput up with Cturn to Dstick to 真题典例 2 2011课标全国卷 William found it increasingly difficult to read for his eyesight was beginning to _ Adisappear Bfall Cfail Ddamage 解析 C句意威廉发现阅读越来越难因为他的视力开始衰退考查动词的词义区别fail在这里表达指健康衰退变弱符合题意disappear消失fall落下damage损坏毁掉 32011陕西卷 Some insects _the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves Atake in Btake off Ctake on Dtake out 解析 C句意有些昆虫呈现出和周围环境一样的颜色目的是保护自己考查动词短语辨析四个选项的意思分别如下A欺骗吸收B脱掉起飞成功C呈现D拿出因此选择C项 42011全国卷 Mary I _John of his promise to help you Atold Breminded Cwarned Dadvised 解析 B句意玛丽我已经提醒过约翰他答应过帮你的事情考查动词搭配tell sb sth告诉某人某事 remind sb of sth提醒某人某事使某人想起某事 warn sb of sth警告某人关于某事advise sb to to sth建议某人做某事故选B 52011湖北卷 Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful but they may also _our thinking AdirectBlimit CchangeDimprove 解析 B句意我们要想成功知识和学习是很重要的但它们也可能限制我们的思考考查动词词义辨析direct指导limit限制change改变improve改进由but可知前后意义上是转折关系故选B项 62011湖北卷 The minister said We are ready for discussions with any legal parties but well never _ with criminals AnegotiateBquarrel Cargue Dconsult 解析 A句意部长说我们准备和任何合法政党开展商讨但决不会与罪犯谈判 考查动词词义辨析negotiate谈判quarrel争吵argue辩论consult咨询根据句意应选A项 解析 D句意临床证据开始增多表明这种新药物较以往在动物身上做实验所预测的有更广泛的有益的用途考查动词词义辨析operate操作strengthen加强approve赞成accumulate积累积聚根据句意可知应选D项 72010湖北卷 Clinical evidence began to _ suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals Aoperate Bstrengthen Capprove Daccumulate 82010湖北卷 The government has taken measures to _ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable Atake down Bbring down Chand down Dtear down 解析 B句意政府已经采取措施来降低日用品的价格以保持市场稳定考查动词短语辨析take down写下记下bring down降低减少hand down把传下去宣布tear down拆除根据句意可知应选B项 92010山东卷 They are broadening the bridge to _ the flow of traffic Aput off Bspeed up Cturn on Dwork out 解析 B句意他们正拓宽桥面来加快车流量考查动词短语辨析put off推迟speed up加速turn on打开接通work out算出弄懂产生结果由题干中的关键信息broaden和the flow of traffic可知此处填speed up 102010江西卷 You cant predict everything Often things dont_ as you expect Arun out Bbreak outCwork out Dput out 解析 C句意你不能预言一切事情有些事情的结果常常和你期待的不一样考查动词短语的辨析run out 耗尽break out突然爆发work out 解决产生结果put out 扑灭 112011天津卷 I_ a bank account after I made1000 by doing a part- time job during the summer vacation Aborrowed Bopened Centered Dordered 解析 B考查动词词义open a bank account意为开了一个银行账户句意为暑假期间我做兼职挣了1 000美元之后就开了一个银行账户borrow借enter进入order定购命令 122011辽宁卷 What are you doing out of bed Tom Youre_ to be asleep A supposed B known C thought D considered 解析 A考查动词短语辨析根据句意汤姆你不在床上在干什么你_在睡觉四个选项分别意为应该被认识被作为被考虑与被考虑为由句意可知答案为A 132011福建卷 Id prefer to_ my judgement until I find all the evidence A show B express C pass D reserve 解析 D本题考查动词辨析根据语境我在找到所有的证据之前宁愿保留自己的判断可知选D 142011安徽卷 As the story_ the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered A begins Bhappens C ends D develops 解析 D考查动词辨析句意为随着故事的发展关于那个奇怪的人物的真相慢慢地被发现了空白处应填develop表示发展 152011辽宁卷 You are old enough to_ your own living Awin B gain C take D earn 解析 D本题考查动词辨析earn ones living的意思是自谋生计符合句意你已经足够成熟了应该自谋生计了 162011四川卷 I often _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet Alook up Blook at Clook for Dlook into 解析 A本题考查动词短语look up意为在词典参考书等中查找查阅故选AB意为看C意为寻找D意为调查 172011天津卷 She _ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store Aturned down Bdealt with Ctook after Dcame across 解析 D考查动词短语辨析come across偶然遇到句意为昨天她在商场购物时偶然遇到了一位老朋友turn down拒绝deal with处理take after 长得像都不符合语境 182011江苏卷 You look upset Whats the matter I had my proposal_ again A turned over B turned on C turned off D turned down 解析 D考查动词短语辨析A项意为移交B项意为打开C项意为关闭D项意为拒绝根据句意你看上去很悲伤出什么事了我的提议又被拒绝了可知选D项 192011浙江卷 The school isnt the one I really wanted to go tobut I suppose Ill just have to _it Amake the best of Bget away from Ckeep an eye on Dcatch up with 解析 A考查动词短语辨析句意为这所学校不是我原本想要读的但我想我不得不好好利用make the best of表示好好利用get away from表示逃离keep an eye on表示监视关注catch up with表示赶上跟上 1The news has _ that an earthquake will arrive before daybreak Agot out Bgot round Cgot up Dgot away 解析 1 B消息传开了地震在天亮之前到来get round在这里的意思消息传开 Exercises 2Because of the poor harvest wheat prices have _ in the last six months Aadded Bjumped Craised Dgathered 解析 Bjump在这里是上升的意思相当于riseAC均有一定干扰性add意思是增添指把某物数加到某物数上raise也有提高的意思但raise是及物动词因此应该用被动语态have been raised 3 When my grandpa was young he had to _ several miles a day to school since he had no money to take a bus Acover Btake Cget Dmake 解析 A语意我爷爷年轻的时候他不得不每天走几英里到学校因为他没有钱乘公共汽车cover意为行走一段路程符合语意 4 Old memories are often _ when you hear a particular song or a piece of music Acalled in Bcalled on Ccalled out Dcalled up 解析 D当你听一首特别的歌或一段音乐时旧的回忆经常被勾起来call up意思是征召服役召唤传讯使人想起提出议案等打电话给call on 意思是号召呼吁请求约请call in 有召集召来招请收回来访等意call out 有出动唤起引起大声叫出来等意 5 Thats a lovely dress Do you think so My aunt gave it to me for my birthday but I dont _ the color Ainterest in Bcare for Cplease with Dfond of 解析 Bcare for 在这里是喜欢的意思也可以用be interested inbe pleased with be fond of 因此其他答案不正确 6 The folk song concert was so well _ that all the tickets had been sold out on the first day Aaccepted Brecognized Creceived Dpromised 解析 Creceive在这里是对作出反应A有一定干扰性accept表示主观接受某物因此不合题意 7 The square is so large that hundreds of cars can park there and still leaves room to _ Aspare Bspend Cstore Dsave 解析 A句意广场非常大成百上千辆车停在那里还有地方空出来spare在这里是空出抽出时间等spend 意思是花费store 储存save节省因此A项正确 8 John _ almost all of his records to his friends but he still had a very few left Aput away Bset aside Cturned in Dgave away 解析 D句意约翰几乎把他所有的唱片都馈赠给了他的朋友们但他还剩一些put away 把收拾起来放好set aside 搁置一边turn in 上交交还give away 赠送结合题意此处选用gave away 9 He looked through as many daily newspapers as he could to_ what they said about his latest book Ahear of Bsee to Clook up Dfind out 解析 Dfind out查清弄明白hear of听说see to 处理应付look up查寻单词等参考因此D项正确 10 The womans skirt was too long She had to _ Alet it out Btake it in Clet it in Dtake it out 解析 Btake in 有改小欺骗的意思如 This coat needs to be taken in a bitlet out 有释放泄露等意思let in 意思让某人进来take out 有取走取出的意思因此其他答案不合题意 11 It is required that all traffic participants should _ the traffic rules to make traffic safer and faster Aperform Bobserve Csupport Dpossess 解析 B考查动词词义辨析此处observe the traffic rules是固定表达意为遵守交通法规据此选B项 12 We _ to make mistakes when we do things in a hurry A manage Btend Cintend Dattempt 解析 B考查动词词义辨析句意当我们匆忙做事的时候我们常常会犯错误 manage意为管理成功做tend意为常常倾向于intend意为打算attempt意为企图根据句意选B项 13 For most Americans their 18th birthday _ the end of one part of their life and beginning of another Apredicts Btells Cmarks Dsigns 解析 C考查动词词义辨析句意对于大多数美国人来说他们的18岁生日标志着一部分生活的结束和另一部分生活的开始此处mark意为标志 14 The new policy will _ the elders a lot that people over 65 can take buses free of charge Adiscount Bsupport Capprove Dbenefit 解析 D考查动词词义辨析句意新政策规定65岁以上的老人乘公交车免费这将使老人们很受益benefit意为使受益对有用符合语境 15 After _ the luggage at the railway station we left for the exhibition hall in a taxi Aclaiming Bdemanding Cdeserving Dobtaining 解析 A考查动词词义辨析句意在火车站认领过行李后我们乘出租车去了展览大厅此处claim表示认领后三项分别表示要求值得获得都不符合语境 16 Would you mind repeating that I didnt quite _ A catch on Bmake up Cfind out Dtake over 解析 A考查动词短语辨析句意你介意再重复一遍吗我不太明白catch on意为理解明白make up意为组成编造find out意为找出查明take over意为接管根据句意选A项 17 Many children are _ in the countryside when their parents flood into the cities for jobs Aleft behind Bleft off Cleft aside Dleft out 解析 A考查动词短语辨析句意许多父母涌入城市找工作而把孩子留在乡下leave behind意为把留下符合语境leave off意为中断停止做某事leave aside意为搁置一边leave out意为不包括不提及 18 His first baby was born soon after he got married which seemed to have _ his sense of responsibility A brought down Bbrought out Cturned down Dturned out 解析 B考查动词短语辨析bring out意为使显示出来句意为婚后不久他的第一个孩子就出生了这好像使他的责任感显现了出来bring down意为打垮击败turn down意为调低拒绝turn out意为结果是证明是 19I believe it is the only solution to this problem Thats debatable I think I can _ five other solutions that are as good as that Acome up with Bmake up with Clive up to Dkeep up with 解析 A考查动词短语辨析come up with意为提出想出make up with意为和重归于好live up to意为达到符合不辜负keep up with意为赶上跟上根据题干内容可知A项符合语意即我可以想出五种和那个一样好的解决方法 本身有词义不能单独用作谓语必须跟表语构成系表结构 He arrived late work swim arrive etc 不及物动词后不加宾语 He is a teacher He always kept silent at meeting The plan turned out a success be remain keep stay continue stand sit lie prove turn out work out seem appear 状态类 系 动 词 实义动词又可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词 He gave me a present give tell send etc 及物动词宾语 实 义 动 词 备注 例句 例词 功能及构成 分类 一动词分类一览表 The fish went bad He became a doctor two years ago She grew rich within a short time become grow turn fall get go come run make 变化类 大部分的表示变化类的系动词有进行时态但所有的系动词都没有被动结构 This kind of cloth feels very soft This flower smells very sweet feel smell sound taste look 感觉类 详见语法专题之情态动词和虚拟语气 We cant carry the heavy box He may come tomorrow We must study hard can could may might shall should will would must need dare 无人称和数的变化表示说话人的情感态度语气命令推测等必须和动词原形连用构成谓语 ought除外 情 态 动 词 He doesnt like English He did know that I have bought a car Do you like college life Never will I come back be have do shall 和 will的 各种形式 本身没有词义用以帮助构成时态语态否定句疑问句倒装句等结构不可单 独使用须与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语 助 动 词 二动词短语 动词短语是指动词和介词副词或名词的习惯搭配有关动词短语的测试点主要涉及结构上选用恰当的搭配词不同搭配含意上的辨异及不同短语的辨异 动词短语构成一览表 I look forward to seeing you soon look forward to 动词副词介词 I agree with you on that point agree with 动词介词 Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left turn up turn off 动词副词 例句 例词 构成 Great changes are taking place in our life take place 动词名词 You should make full use of your time make use of 动词名词介词 考点一考查助动词的用法 助动词有be am is are was were been have has had do does did will would shall should 它们本身没有词义只和实义动词的一定形式构成复合谓语用来表示时态和语态构成否定疑问及加强语气等 1助动词be am is are were been 的用法 He is to go to New York next week 表示计划安排或命令 be to do sth Look at the dark clouds Its going to rain 表示计划或有迹象表明将要发生某事 be going to do sth The window was broken by Tom 构成被动语态 be过去分词 They are having a meeting 构成进行时态 be现在分词 例句 用法 结构 2助动词have has had 的用法 What have you been doing these days 构成完成进行时态 have been现在分词 He has left for London Have you seen the film He had left for London before I came 构成完成时态 have过去分词 例句 用法 结构 3助动词do does did 的用法 My mother told me to go to bed early So I did 代替前面刚出现的动词以避免重复 He did buy a new car yesterday Do do some work 用于祈使句或陈述句中加强语气 do动词原形 I do not want to be criticized 构成实义动词的否定形式 do not动词原形 Did you study German 构成一般疑问句 do主语动词原形 例句 用法 结构 考点二常考的变化类系动词辨析 Things will come right in the end His dream will come true sooner or later come true come right 变成为已 知 的状态 证实为 come The tire went flat He often went hungry in the past go badgo blindgo mad go hungry unreported unnoticed 由好到坏或 由正常到不常的 变化保持 go 例句 常用结构 用法 系动词