高三时态和语态专项复习.doc

高三时态和语态专项复习动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考的必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解，其中现在完成时、一般过去时、过去完成时的运用出现得最为频繁。此外，为了增加试题的区分度，命题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致结合在一起考查。在解题时要注意以下几个问题：1这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些？2这个动作处于什么状态？是进行中？已结束(完成)？限制或修饰动作的状语信息有哪些？3这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题，答案也就水落石出了。高中十种重点时态及形式：一般现在时 do/does一般过去时 did 一般将来时 shall / will + do过去将来时 would / should + do现在进行时 am / is / are + doing过去进行时 was / were + doing 现在完成时 have / has + done过去完成时 had + done现在完成进行时 have been doing将来进行时 will be doing一、一般现在时 主要用于下面几情况： 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。I cycle to work every day .我每天骑自行车上班。2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。 That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 The sun rises in the east .日出东方。4) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作(if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once) Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 二、一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态, 常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）。I met her in the street yesterday. (具体的过去时间状语)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet. 一般过去时所表达的事件与现在无关。而现在完成时则强调对现在的影响和结果。如：I stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now. )I have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next. (I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go next.)三、一般将来时主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：1）shall / will + do动作要在将来的某个时间内发生.例如： I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。2) be+ to do 表示描述两钟情况：A) 表示按计划要发生的事或表示命令、职责、义务、要求等。 The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新桥三天后通车。B)要求或命令他人做某事。 You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room. 4)be about to do 表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语。常与when 连用， 构成句型“be about to do when ”(正要做这时) 例如： I was about to leave when an unexpected visitor came.5) 用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。这种表示主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”(go, come, leave, arrive） 例如：Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下车吗？ I am taking my mother to the cinema this weekend.四、过去将来时1.常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。He said he would come and help me if necessary. 2.was/were about to dowhen正要做某事这时I was just about to explain when he interrupted me.五、过去进行时 主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。其用法如下：（1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.（2）用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况,用过去进行时可以给读者一种“动感”，One night, he was typing in his study. Suddenly, a man broke into his house .（3）（仅限少数动词）用过去进行时表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如：When National Day was coming near, they began to make a plan for the holiday. She told me that she was flying to Hainan for her holiday. We left there when its getting dark. 六、现在进行时 主要用来描述”正在发生的动作，或是现阶段一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况：1）正在发生的动作。例如： They are having a football match now .他们正在赛足球。2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如: He is preparing for mid-test. 3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于一般现在时所描述的情况。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself .他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。 She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。下面四类动词不能使用现在进行时：1.表示心理状态，情感的动词（like, love,）2.表示存在状态的动词（appear, exist）3.表示一时性动作的词（allow, accept,）4.表示感官的词，强调看到，听到等结果,（see, hear,） 七将来进行时将来某时（或时间段）正在进行的动作 We will/shall be having a meeting at five tommorrow afternoon.八.现在完成时 有的同学认为现在完成时似乎与一般过去时相似。虽然这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响等等。而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。不表示和现在的关系。现在完成时主要适用于下面的几种情况： 1）表示截止现在已完成的动作 By now, I have collected all the data that I need. 2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续 It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。关于现在完成时的时间状语问题:A.现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语， 比较： We have bought a new typewriter . We bought a new typewriter yesterday. B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子，但是可以用before来表示以前的意义。C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以since，for表示的一段时间的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用It has been since的句式来表达。如： He has joined the army for five years. （错误） It has been five years since he joined the army. （正确）现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构：1. It is/has been +some time+since-clause2. That/This/It is the first time thathave/has done3. That/This/It is the only4. That/This/It is the best/finest/most interesting, etce.g: This is the first time that I have heard her sing. This is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.Its one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.九. 过去完成时1.表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或动作之前，即“过去的过去”。 可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。 By nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.2.动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 3.用在hardlywhen，no soonerthan，It was the first (second, etc.) time (that)句型十现在完成进行时1.表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，可能现在刚刚结束，或很可能仍要继续。Ive been sitting here all day. I have been writing a letter for one hour,but I dont still finish it.现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性。前者表示动作仍要继续进行，后者表示动作已结束。前者不适用于状态动词，后者则可。语态被动语态的构成1一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：be/will be +done2进行时（现在进行、过去进行）：be(am/is/ are，was/were )beingdone3完成时（现在完成、过去完成）：have/has, hadbeendone4情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be动词done5不定式的被动语态：to be done一般来说，在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：1） 不清楚动作的执行者是谁, 例如: The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 2) 说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣（这时可用by引导出动作的执行者），例如： My TV set is being repaired in the shop. 我的电视机正在这店里修。3) 不愿意说出动作的执行者，常用一些句式，如：It is said that（据说），It is reported that （据报道），二、主动形式表示被动意义：1.feel.look.smell,taste,sound等系动词后面接形容词时The flowers smell sweet / The story proved quite false2.cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash,cook,shut,dry,drink等表示主语性质时且带有状语修饰时 e.g: The book sells very well./These cups clean easily. The stone weighs two tons./ The jacket washes easily.3.want,require,need,worth后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义 e.g: These flowers want/require/need watering.（=want to be watered4.在“be+adj.+to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 e.g: English is difficult to learn. 被动形式表示主动意义，这些 done的形态的动词形容词性化。be seated, be lost, be drunk, be dressed, be devoted，be determined, be worried, be located, be exposed , be involved等表示状态三、使用被动语态应注意的几点2主动语态中的不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动语态时，要加上不定式符号to。这类动词有hear, feel, help,listento, make,watch, observe,see,notice等。如：Wesawhimplayfootballontheplayground.Hewasseentoplayfootballontheplayground.3短语动词用于被动语态应作为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如：The meeting has been put off.MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.4不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：四川发生地震()Sichuan happened earthquake.() Earthquake happened in Sichuan.时态语态专项练习一完成句子：1. In the evenings. I _TV series or sport and the news again. (watch) 晚上，我通常看电视剧或体育节目，接着再看新闻。2. Today the number of people learning English_ in China. (increase) 当今在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。3. May I ask what you _ in my restaurant yesterday? (do) 请问你昨天到我的餐馆里来干什么？4. These shoes are worn out. They _ a long time. (last) 这些鞋子已经穿破了，已经穿了很长时间。5. Hardly _ the dormitory the next morning when we realized we forgot our map in the room. (leave) 第二天早晨我们刚离开宿舍，就想起把地图忘在房间里了。6. The official said that the next flight _ in ten minutes. (take) 官员说下一个航班将在十分钟后起飞。7. The injured boy _ while his parents waited anxiously outside. (operate) 那个受伤的男孩在动手术时他的父母在外面焦急地等着。8. Many old houses_ to make way for the new road in the past few weeks. (tear) 在过去的几周，许多旧房已被拆除为新道路让路。9. Because I _ the earthquake in Wenchuan, China before, I wasnt frightened this time in Japan. (experience) 因为我以前经历过中国汶川地震，所以这次在日本我不怕。10. -You look tired. -Yes, I _ non-stop since yesterday afternoon, and I still need to work on. (work) 你看上去很疲劳。 是的，自昨天下午以来我一直在工作，而且我仍需继续工作。11. The Smith couple _ when a rescue team from the nearby town arrived. (give) 史密斯夫妇正准备放弃，这时来自附近一个镇的一支救援队赶到了。12. It is the first time that the EXPO _ in a developing country. (hold) 这是世博会第一次在一个发展中国家举办。13. Teenagers_ because they play computer games too much. (damage) 青少年们正在损害自己的健康，因为他们玩的电脑游戏太多了。14. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _. (arrive) 当你到家时，给我打个电话，好让我知道你平安抵达。15. Scientists have many theories about how the universe _. (come) 科学家们有很多关于宇宙如何形成的理论。16. The telephone _, but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (ring) 电话铃声一直在响，但当我进来时，铃声停了。17.We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _. (know) 在2000年我们第一次在火车上相遇时，我们同时立刻感觉到彼此认识多年了。18. Im tired out. I_ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. (shop) 我很疲劳了。我整个下午一直在购物，好像还没有购完。19. Toms family _ in Huangshan this time net week. (enjoy) 在下个星期的这个时候，Tom一家人一定正在黄山享受他们的假期。20. The water _ when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. (feel) 我跳进池子里晨练时，才知水是凉的。21. He told me that _ by his father. (teach) 他告诉我他会被他的爸爸教训一顿。22 Not only_the disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for those who need it. (give) 不仅要帮助残疾人找工作，而且医疗也要提供给那些需要的人。(07湖北)23. The fact _ makes him very upset. (fail) 他失败了数次，这使他非常的心烦意乱。（07湖北）24. He believed that children _at their own pace. (allow) 他认为孩子应被允许按自己的步伐去学习。（07湖北）25. Last night, John was answering the letters that _ during the past two weeks .(arrive) 昨晚，约翰在回他两周前收到的信。（07湖北）26.With the rapid development of science and technology, I cant imagine _ in ten years. (what) 随着科学技术的快速发展，我不能想象我的家乡十年后会是什么样子。（08湖北）27. At present, lots of food, water, tents and medicines _from all over China and other parts of the world to the earth-stricken areas. (transport)（08湖北） 现在许多食物、水、帐篷和药品正从中国和世界各地运往地震灾区。28._ doesnt make much difference.(abroad)他是否出过国没有多大关系。（08湖北）29. If times _, have our ways of thinking changed too?(change)如果时代变了，我们的思维方式也会变。（09湖北）30._many times, “serve the people” is our first policy . (stress)正如我们多次强调的那样，“服务大众”是我们首要的方针。（10湖北）31. _ to have been destroyed in a fire in 2009.(destroy)据说许多绘画在2009年里的那次大火中被毁。（11湖北）32.In request to the audiences great demand, the play _ in the theatre twice a week.(put)应观众强烈要求，这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。（12湖北）33. The car _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about 9 oclock tonight.(go)车将会一直以目前的速度行驶直到今晚九点到达山脚下。34. I had a pleasant surprise when I got to my room, someone _.（put） 当我进我房间的时候，我感到很惊喜，有人在那儿给我放了一些花。35. Please bring me some books _. (come) 下次你来的时候请给我带些书。36. It is said that the early European playingcards _. （design）据说早起的欧洲纸牌是被设计用于娱乐和教育的。37. Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months.(work)在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都一直在图书馆学习。38. When the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners _.（seat） 当演讲者进入大厅的时候，所有的听众都就坐好了。39. He said he wouldnt mind _ at home. (leave)他说他不介意一个人在家。40. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science _that people who dont sleep well soon get ill. (show)多年前，我们不知道这一点，最近科学表明那些睡眠不好的人很容易生病。二、翻译句子：1、中国位于亚洲东部。2、现在我跟班上的同学相处得很好。3、两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车。4、那晚从8点到9点她一直在唱歌。5、当我完成作业时我会和你们一起去。6、如果司机被发现酒后驾车将会被罚款。(fine)7、我们到那里时，篮球赛已经开始了。8、我们等车已经等了半个小时了，但是车还没有来。9、这学期学生每周将有五节语言课。10、明天这个时间我正飞往海南。11、这课课文结束后，我们就学了20篇课文了。12、该计划将会在明天的会议上讨论。13、这本书已被译成多种语言。14、我很开心的是所有的卡片在圣诞节前被寄出了。15、这本书到下个月底就已经出版发行了。16、这项计划正在顺利实施。17、我09年去的青海，但是我在海口工作了许多年。18、目前，全世界的目光聚焦在伦敦奥运会。（fix）19. 据报道双方公司已达成一致建议。（reach）20.我的朋友一整个早上领着我参观这个城市。（showaround）完成句子1.often watch2.is increasing rapidly3.were doing4.have lasted5.had we left6.was taking off7.was being operated on8.have been torn down9.had experienced10.have been working11.were about to give up12.has been held13.are damaging their health14.have arrived safely15.came into being16.was ringing17.had known each other for years18.have been shopping19.will be enjoying their holiday20.felt cool21.have been taught22.will help be given to23.that he has failed (for) several times24.should be allowed to learn25.had arrived for him26.what my hometown will be look like27.are being transported28.Whether he has been abroad or not29.have changed30.As has been stressed31.to have been destroyed32.will/would be put on33. will be going 34. had put some flowers there for me 35. next time you come 36. were designed for entertainment and education37. has been working38. were seated39. being left alone40. has shown1. China lies in the east of Asia.2.Im getting alone well with my classmates in my class.3.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike.4.She was singing songs from 8 to 9 that evening.5.I will go with you when I have finished my homework.6.Drivers will be fined if they are found driving after drinking.7.When we got there the basketball match had already started.8.we have been waiting for the bus for half an hour, but it has not come yet.9.The students will have five language classes per week this term.10.This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Hainan.11.After we finish this text. We will have learned twenty texts.12.The plan is going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.13.This novel has been translated into many languages.14.I was glad that all the cards had been successfully sent before Christmas.15.The book will have been published by the end of next month.16.The plan is being carried out successfully.17. I move to Qinghai in 2009,but I worked in Haikou for many years.18. At present, the worlds attention is being fixed on London Olympics.19. It was reported that an agreement had been reached between the two companies. It was reported the two companies had reached an agreement.20.My friend has been showing me around the city the whole morning.