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2011届高三英语语法复习教学案专题五 动词和动词短语【知识网络】表示动作或状态的词叫作动词。根据在句中的功能，可分为四类：实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词。根据其后是否带宾语，可分为两类：及物动词和不及物动词。动词搭配上介词、副词、名词或形容词就构成动词短语。动词短语要注意两点：一是固定搭配，二是及物还是不及物。【考纲解读】考纲要求在复习备考中要掌握以下几个方面: 1.动词的词义；2.动词搭配；3.动词短语；4.及物动词和不及物动词的特殊用法；5.常用动词的用法；6.熟记16个高频动词构成的短语用法（break, carry, call, catch, hold, come, do, get, give, go, have, keep, knock, look, make, put, take, turn, help, hand, lead, die, tell, talk, speak, hear, ask, answer, send, set, show, point, agree, pay, try, wait 等）【命题规律】动词和动词短语，在历年高考题中所占比例最大，设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。【疑难考点突破】【考点】一、动词be构成的短语动词1. be known as / be famous as 作为而闻名be known for因而出名 The hill is known for the temple. be known to为所知 Lu Xun is known to us as a writer. be known by凭而知 One can be known by his words and deeds2. A marry B = A be married to B 与结婚 She is married to a musician3. be tired of对感到厌倦/ be tired with因疲倦 He is tired of this kind of life = He is bored with this kind of life. He was tired with walking so long.4. be terrified at 被吓一跳 He is terrified at the snake.5. be burdened with 负重 He is burdened with a heavy load.6. be crowded with 挤满 The shop is crowded with people.7. be dressed in 穿着 She is dressed in red.8. be experienced in 对有经验 He is experienced in mending bikes.9. be equipped with 装备 They are equipped with guns and food.10. be furnished with 提供，布置 They are furnished with enough food.11. be engaged in sth 从事，忙于 (=be busy with sth) He has been engaged in writing novels.12. be engaged to与订婚 My daughter is engaged to a nice doctor.13. be about to do sth. When正要做这时14. be fit to do / be fit for 胜任；适合于 He is fit to do the work. These books are not fit for children.15. be well worth doing 值得做 The film is worth seeing again.16. be proud of 以而自影骄傲 I am proud of being a Chinese.17. be used to sth. 被用来做某事/ be used to doing sth. 习惯于 used to do sth.过去常常做某事 My grandpa is not used to living in the noisy city18. be content to do sth. 甘愿于干； be content with sth.满足于 I am content with your work this time.19. be concerned about.担心，关心 concerning = regarding= with regard to 关于20. be up to应由，轮到 Its up to her to answer the question.21. be meant / intended for 打算给，打算用作 Is this valuable painting meant for me?22. be connected with与有联系 He was also connected with the government.23. be crazy about 对狂热 Many young people are crazy about Hip-Hop.二、动词break构成的短语动词1. break out 爆发 The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937.2. break in打断；闯入 Two robbers broke in and robbed the bank of a lot of money.3. break into 闯入；破门而入They broke into the uncles bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead.4. break away from 脱离 Lincoln said it was not right for the south to break away from the union.5. break down（机器，车辆）坏了；失败了；摧毁；分解We are sorry to arrive late, but the car broke down.6. break through 突破 The marchers broke through the line of the police.7. break off 折断；中断；断绝 Lets break off for half an hour and have some tea.8. break up 驱散，拆散 The police broke up the crowd.三、动词carry构成的短语动词1. carry on进行 He had learned enough English to carry on a conversation2. carry out执行；进行 They were carrying out an important experiment.3. carry away 拿走 Please carry these desks away.4. carry off夺走；抢走 Some unknown man carried off the prize四、动词call构成的短语动词1. call on 拜访某人，号召 We will call on Mr. Li tomorrow. We are called on to help those in trouble.2. call at 拜访某地 I called at your office yesterday, but you were not in. Success called for hard work. call for a doctor 去请医生4.call in 请来；收回 Mother is badly il1. so call in a doctor at once.5. call up打电话；征召；回想起 I called Tom up and told him the news. In most countries men are called up at the age of 18. As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called up scenes of my childhood.6. call off 取消 = cancel The meeting has been called off.五、动词catch，hold构成的短语动词1. catch / take / get hold of sth. 抓住事物 Catch / Get / Take hold of the rope, and Ill pull you up.2. catch up with 赶上 Work hard and I am sure you are able to catch up with others in class.3. catch fire 着火；烧着 Last night a big building caught fire.4. catch sight of发现；看到 When the mice caught sight of the cat, the mice ran away as quickly as possible.5. holdup举起；阻滞（交通等）；阻搁 In the rush hour the traffic is held up. He held up one of his fingers and showed it to the class.6. hold back阻止；控制 We must held them back from fighting.7. hold ones breath 憋住气；屏息 How long can you hold your breath under water?8. hold out坚持；拿出 We must hold out until help comes.9. hold on 别挂线；坚持住六、动词come构成的短语动词1. come into进入状态come into being（事物、局面等）产生；形成 The custom came into being long long ago. When it comes to 当谈到/涉及到2. come along过来；快点 Come along! It s nearly eight oclock.3. come out出来；出版 How did the painting come out?4. come true 实现 I am sure your dream will come true one day.5. come (back)to life苏醒过来 come to (oneself) When the wounded soldier came back to life, he found himself in hospital.6. come to the point说到要点，触及问题实质7. come about 发生；造成 The event came about as he had predicted it.8. come across 碰见 Youre the most beautiful woman Ive ever come across. 同义词组：run across I came across an old friend in the street.9. come to an end 结束 Your duties here have come to an end.10. come to light 为人所知，显露 The robbery didnt come to light until the next day11. come up with提出；想出 He came up with a new suggestion七、动词do构成的短语动词1. do well in 在某方面做得好 My cousin is a sailor and he is doing very well in the navy.2. do good to 对有好处 Doing morning exercises will do good to your health.3. do harm to对害处 Too much noise does harm to our health.4. What . do with 处理 What did you do with our goods? How. deal with5. do sb. a favour 帮某人的忙 Will you do me a favour to carry it upstairs?6. do up 系纽扣；梳理 Look, your bottom isnt done up. do up ones hair梳理头发八、动词get构成的短语动词1. get in touch with 同取得联系2. get up起床 He gets up very early every day.3. get back 回来；取回 I will get back next weekend.4. get on 上车 You shouldnt get on the bus until it has stopped completely5. get over克服；度过 Youll soon get over these difficulties.6. get off 下车 The bus stopped and the passengers got off.7. get together 相聚 We should go to a restaurant to get together.8. get on / along well with 与相处融洽 I am getting on well with my classmates.9. get into 进入；陷入 Dont get into the habit of smoking,10. get into trouble陷入麻烦11. get in a word插话12. get rid of 除掉 We are doing our best to get rid of pollution.13. get through通过；接通；完成；经历 I tried to telephone you but I couldnt get through.I will be with you as soon as I get through this work14. get to到达 He had to get to the other side of street to attend a meeting.15. get about / around / round 传开，传出去 The news of the disaster soon get about.16. get across 使理解 The teacher tried to explain the problem, but the explanation did not get across to the class.17. get away 离开 I was in a meeting and couldnt get away.18. get down to (doing) sth. 安心做，开始认真干 You must get down to your studies this year.19. get out of从出来，摆脱 He got out of debt.九、动词give 构成的短语动词1. give up放弃 I persuaded him to give up the foolish plan.2. give in 屈服；投降 He wouldnt give in to the enemy.3. give out 用完；耗尽；发布消息 Our food and water will give out soon.4. give away分发；捐赠；泄露 Please dont give my secret away. He gave away most of his fortune to the poor work.5. give off放出 This engine gives off lots of smoke and steam.6. give back 归还 Living here has given me back my health.7. give sb. a fide / lift让某人搭便车十、动词go构成的短语动词1. go ahead 继续；干吧 He went ahead with the work and got it done. - May I use your phone? - Certainly. Go ahead.2. go by (时间)过去；经过 (地点) Dont let the good chance go by.3. go out (灯、火)熄灭 When they arrived, the fire had gone out.4. go on(doing)继续做某事 Please go on with your work.5. go on to do sth. 接着做另外的事 He went on to watch TV after he had finished his home.6. go over检查；复习 When I came into the teachers room, our teacher was going over our homework.7. go through 完成；通过；经历；仔细检察 During the night the computers go through the information. She went through one hardship after another. Mother went through the drawer looking for the sweater.8. go all out(=try / do ones best)竭尽全力 They went all out to build the dam.9. go about开始着手；到处走动；传开 How does one go about getting the information.10. go against 违背 They are going against our wishes.11. go back 回家；追溯 This festival goes back to Roman times.12. go for 运用于；应用于 The medicine went for nothing.13. go in for参加；爱好 She went in for a singing competition.14. go with 相配 I want some shoes to go with these trousers.15. go without不吃 / 喝/用 The poor boy often has to go without supper.16. go beyond 超过 Thats going beyond a joke.17. go up上升；上涨 The goods have gone up in quality.18. go down 下降；降沉；下沉 The moon has gone down.十一、动词have构成的短语动词1. have a word with sb. 和某人说句话Could you spare a few minutes? I want to have a word with2. have words with 争吵 Theyve had words with her about money.3. have (deep)effects / influence on 对有（深远）影响The book has great effects on his life.4. have difficulty in doing / find, difficulty in / have trouble in 做有困难We have / find difficulty in writing the composition.We have trouble in writing the composition.十二、动词keep 构成的短语动词1. keep on doing sth.继续或反复做某事 Marx kept on studying English and using it when he lived in London.2. keep up 坚持 Keep up your courage and you will succeed.3. keep up with 跟上 She cant keep up with others.4. keep back保留；阻止；隐瞒；拒留 She was in deep sorrow, but she kept back her tears.5. keep away from 远离 Keep children away from fire.6. keep out 做录进入 In the ancient time, the Greta Wall was built in order to keep the enemy out of country. 7. keep ones word 遵守诺言8. keep in touch with与保持联系We have kept in touch with each other ,by writing letters.9. keep silent/silence 保持沉默 He kept silent about the matter.10. keep / prevent/stopfrom doing sth. 制止（防止）做某事 The heavy rain kept us from going out. 11. keep off使远离 Please keep off the grass. Keep your finger off the expensive clothes.十三、动词knock构成的短语动词1. knock at/on 敲（门、窗等） Yon should knock at the door before coming in.2. knock down 撞倒They make sure that the cows do not knock the young trees down or eat the leaves. 3. knock off撞掉下来 A child ran into the street and knocked the woman off her bicycle.4. knock into sb./sth.撞上十四、动词look构成的短语动词1. look up抬头；查阅 You may look up new word in a dictionary.2. look / watch out (for)小心 Look out! The pan is on fire.3. look into调查 Well further look into the matter.4. look forward to盼望 We look forward to knowing the results of the exam.5. look through 仔细看；浏览 You have to look through the papers before you hand them in.6. look up to 尊敬 Young children should look up to old people.7. look down upon 瞧不起 The days are gone when women were looked down upon8. look like 看起来 You look like your father.9. look on.as(=treat / consider / take / think of. as)把看作He looks on the computer as his friend.10. look after 照顾 When I am out, my husband looks after our baby.11. look for 寻找 What are you looking for?十五、动词make 构成的短语动词1. make a dive for向猛冲 The dog made a dive for the bone.2. make an apology to 向道歉 He apologized / made an apology to her.3. be made up 组成 Two thirds of the earths surface is made up of vast ocean.4. make up组成；化妆；打扮；补充；弥补；编造；捏造；和解Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the United Kingdom. It took her more than one hour to make up for the party Our losses have to be made up with more loans. The whole story is made up.5. make room for给腾地方 Would you like to make room for the old lady?6. make up ones mind 下决心 I have made up my mind to work harder than before.7. make up for 弥补 We must make up for the time wasted before.8. make use of 利用 We should make full use of the books in the library9. make ones way 排除困难前进 After the film ended we made our way out of cinema.10. make progress in进步 With the teachers help, I have made much progress.11. make repairs修理 They are making repairs in that building12. make a promise to do sth.许诺言13. make a living by doing sth.谋生14. make the best of=make the most of.尽量利用Mother didnt enjoy his job, but she made the best of it15. make for走向；前往 They set off by car and made for the nearest town.16. make out 认出；理解 We made out a figure in the darkness. Its difficult to make out his ideas.17. make it 成功；及时达到 After hard-working, we made it at last.十六、动词put构成的短语动词1. put away 放好；收起来 Put the books away after reading.2. put down 记下；平息 Put down the gentlemans address.3. put out 扑灭；出版 It took the fire-fighters four tours to put out the fire.4. put up举起；建造；张贴；公布；投宿 Many new high buildings have been put up in our city.5. put up with(=stand / bear)忍受 He is prepared to put up with it for the time being6. put on穿上；上演；增加7. put off延期；拖延 The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather8. put through完成；（打电话）把接通 Can you put me through to this number?9. put forward提出建议；拨快（钟等） The doctor put forward a good suggestion. The piano takes up too much space in the room十七、动词take构成的短语动词1.take up占用（时间；空间） The piano takes up too much space in the room.2. takeout拿出去 We dont allow taking books out of the reading room3. take sides站在一边 Switzerland didnt take sides in the First World War.4. take place 发生 The strike took place just before liberation.5. take the place of 代替 New cotton can be taken the place of by many other materials.6. take ones place 就座；代替某人职位 They took their places before the meeting began,7. take it easy别担忧 Take it easy, and you are not badly i11.8. take off脱掉；起飞；成功 The plane takes off at eight. They not just made progress but took off.9. take part in 参加 Martin Luther King took a leading part in the great march10. take pride in 以而自豪 He took pride in being a student in Beijing University.11. take away (from) 拿走；使停留；使离开 The child was taken away from school.I2. take in欺骗；吸收 The pretty girl took in my feeling. Youd better take in some fruits. take on 雇用；接受（工作）；呈现（品质、面貌） Yon have taken on too much. take over接管 The new bead master took over yesterday.The frogs can take on the colours of its background.He is taking over my job while Im on holiday.十八、动词turn构成的短语动词1. turn up 出现；开大（音量）；到达，发生 He didnt turn up until two oclock yesterday afternoon2. turn against 背叛 She will never mm against her country3. turn on 旋开（电灯等）4. turn off关上（电灯等）5. mm down 开小（音量）；接待 Would you mind turning down the radio?6. turn over 翻转 It is spring now, and peasants are turning over the fields7. turn in交出；交 Jane turned in the wallet found at the school gate.8. turn to找某人寻求帮助；翻到；转向 They always turn tome when they are in trouble.9. turn into 变成 It turned into a nice day.10.turn out结果是 / 关掉 / 查明 / 生产 The factory turns out 100 cars per day. The day turns out fine. Do you think the crops will turn out good this year?十九、动词help, hand, lead, die 构成的短语动词 1. help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 I often help my mother with house work. help sb. out (of trouble) 帮助某人摆脱困境 2. help oneself to sth. 尽管请便；请随便吃 As you like fish, help yourself to it. 3. hand in 交上来 You have to hand in your compositions before weekend. 4. hand out 分发 Would you like to help me to hand oat the books to your classmates? 5. hand over 移交 6. hand down = pass down流传 7. in hand 在手头 8. at hand在手边，在附近，即将到来 9. by hand 手工的10. lead to sth. / doing sth. 导致 Hard work can lead to Success.11. lead / live a life过生活 Einstein led a simple life in America.12. die of死于（内因） The old man died of old age. die from 死于（外因） Many old people died from air pollution in winter.13. die out 灭绝 This kind of bird is dying out. 二十、动词tell, talk, speak, hear, ask, answer 构成的短语动词 1. talk to / with sb. 和某人谈话 The woman I talked to just now is in charge oft. he office. 2. speak of/speak about 大胆讲话；大声说出来 He dared to speak about his opinion at the meeting. 3. hear of / about 听说 I dont know him, but I have heard of him. Hear from接到某人的书信 I havent heard from him for nearly a year. 4. ask for要；请求 He often asks his parents for money. 5. ask sb. to do sth. 要某人做某事 ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物 6. answer for对负责 You will have to answer for your behaviour one day二十一、动词 send, set构成的短语动词l. send (sb.)for 派人去请 The police were sent for as soon as the accident took place.2. send out 发出（光亮等） The sun sends out light and heat.3. send up 发射 A number of man-made satellites have been sent up into space in the past few years.4. send off寄出，派遣，给送行send in 寄送某处进行处理 Many of his friends sent him off at the airport. ( see him off) He sent in 3 drawings for the competition.5. set about doing sth. (= set out to do sth. / get down to doing sth. )开始；着手 Well set about doing this next month.6. setout/off出发；开始 We set out to work m five in the early morning and hoped to finish it before dark.7. set up建立；树立；设立 Many new buildings have been set up in this area in the past ten years.8. set sb. free 释放 In the end all slaves were set free. set fire to / seton fire放火烧 The man who set fire to the building was arrested.9. set an example to 树立榜样 His courage set an example to us.二十二、动词how, point, agree, pay构成的短语动词1. show sb. in 领某人进来 The man in charge of the shop came up to show us in.2. show sb. out 领某人出去 Please show the lady out.3. show sb. around 领某人参观 We were showed around the new factory by the chief engineer.4. point out指出 I have done anything wrong, please point it out5. point at指指点点 In part of Asia you must not sit with feet pointing at another person.6. agree to do sth.同意某人的意见 He agreed to help me with my English.7. agree with同意某人的意见；适合于 He agreed with me at last. The climate here doesnt agree with me.8. agree on意见一致 The building of a new factory was agreed on last month.9. pay for付钱 I paid l 00 yuan for that shirt.10. pay off还清债务；没有白费 His efforts paid off at last. It took the coup1e ten years of hard work to pay off the debts.11. pay back 把钱还回给某人 I can lend the money to you on condition that you must pay it back in two days.二十三、动词try, wait构成的短语动词1. try on 试穿 He is trying on a new suit.2. try out 试用
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