中考重点词汇辨析.doc

中考英语重点单词用法 take【短语搭配】take a holiday / vacation 休假、度假 take an interest in 对感兴趣 take a ride 兜风take a shower 淋浴、洗澡 take a walk 散步take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像take away 拿走take care of 照看、照顾take it easy 从容、轻松、不紧张 take notes 做笔记、做记录take off 脱掉、起飞take out 取出take part in 参加 take place 发生take pride in 对感到自豪【考题回放】Jenny, please _ your young sister carefully.OK, Mum.(06贵州贵阳)A. take after B. take care of C. take from put【短语搭配】put away 放好、收起来 put down 放下、记下 put off 推迟、拖延 put on 穿上、演出put out 熄灭 put up 展示、张贴、搭起【考题回放】 1. We have to _ our sports meeting till next week because of the heavy rain. (06辽宁锦州)A. put off B. put on C. put up D. put down 2. Jimmy, your books are everywhere on your desk.Oh, sorry. Ill _ right now. (06江苏南通)A.put them awayB. put them upC.put them onD. put them down3. There was a fire in the street last night, but the firemen _ within twenty minutes. (06广东广州)A. took it outB. brought it out C. worked it outD. put it out 4. Its cold outside. Youd better _ your warm clothes, Lucy.(06山东济南) A. put on B. put away C. put up D. put off have【主要用法】1.用作助动词,构成完成时态,无实义。如:Whathaveyoubeendoingsincethen?2.用作及物动词,表示“有”,常可与havegot替换。如:Ihave(got)anEnglishdictionary.3.与名词(多与动词同形)连用,表示一种活动或动作。如:haveatalk/look/drink/rest/quarrel4.用作及物动词,表示“吃、喝、抽(烟)”。如:havebreakfast/somecoffee/acigarette5.用作及物动词,表示“使、让”。跟不带to的不定式作宾补,表示“让某人做某事”。如:Shehadthelittlegirllivewithher.跟过去分词作宾补,表示“某事由别人做”。如:Shehadhereyestestedyesterday.有时也跟现在分词、副词、介词短语作宾补。如:Icanthavethatkindofthinghappening.Willyouhavehimin?CanIhavethechildrentoourhouse?【短语搭配】havefun/agoodtime/agreattime玩得开心haveto不得不、必须haveacold患感冒haveago试一试【考题回放】1.Tinahadnothingforbreakfast,_she?_.Shehadsomebreadandmilk.(06江苏扬州)A.had;YesB.had;NoC.did;YesD.did;No2.HaveyoufinishedreadingHarryPotterV?_.Istillhavesomepages.(05福建厦门)A.Yes,IdoB.No,IdontC.Yes,Ihave D.No,Ihavent go【主要用法】1.用作不及物动词,表示“去、离开”。如:Wemustgoforlunchnow.2.用作不及物动词,表示“进行、进展”。如:Everythinggoeswell.3.用作系动词,表示“变得(常常指由好变坏)”。如:Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.4.用于havegoneto结构,表示“去了某地”。如:Mr.Wilsonisnthere.HehasgonetoWuhan.5.用于begoingto结构,表示“打算、将要”。如:Heisgoingtobuyhersomeshoes.【短语搭配】goahead往前走、做吧、干吧goby(指时间)过去、消逝gotosleep入睡 goforawalk/walks去散步gohome回家 gooff离开、(闹钟)响起goon继续 goover复习、过一遍goskating/shopping去滑冰/购物gotoamovie去看电影gotobed上床睡觉gotoschool/work去上学/上班【考题回放】WherecanIfindJack?He_thepostoffice.(06湖北武汉)A.hasbeentoB.hadbeentoC.hasgonetoD.hadgoneto come【短语搭配】comeacross(无意中)碰到、遇到comealong跟着来、快点comeback回来comedown下来、下降、跌价comefrom来自comeon赶快、加油comein进来 comeout出来、出版、开花、发芽comeover顺便来访cometrue实现、达到comeup走过来、走近comeupwith提出【考题回放】Hi,Sam.Weregoingforawalk.Wouldyouliketo_?Great!Letsgo.(06江西) A.comealongB.comeonC.comeoutD.comeup give【短语搭配】giveaway赠送、分发giveback还给givein让步、投降giveoff散发出giveout分发、发放giveup放弃【考题回放】Hehasfailedseveraltimes,buthewont_.(06河北)A.goonB.comeonC.getupD.giveup make【短语搭配】makeadecision做决定、下决心makeaface做鬼脸makealiving谋生makefriendswith与交友makefunof取笑make.into把做成makemistakes犯错makeroom让地方、让位置makenoise发出令人不愉快的声音makeones(the)bed整理床铺makesure务必、确保makeup组成、构成makeuponesmind决定makeuseof利用【考题回放】()Nineplayers_theteam.A.makeintoB.makesure C.makeupD.makealiving way 【短语搭配】bytheway顺便说(问)一下 inmanyways在很多方面inthis/thatway这样/那样inthe(ones)way碍事、妨碍onthe(ones)wayto在路上【考题回放】()Whereismyfather,Mum?Heis_tohisoffice.A.bythewayB.onthewayC.inthiswayD.intheway call【短语搭配】callback回电话callfor要求、需要callin找来、请来 calloff取消 callon拜访callup给打电话【考题回放】()Dontforgettogivemearingwhenyougetthere.OK.Ill_assoonasIarrive.A.callbackB.callupC.callonD.callin get【短语搭配】getalong进展、相处getaway(from)离开、逃走getback回来、收回getintheway妨碍getover克服、恢复、原谅getto到达getinto进入、陷入getmarried结婚getoff下车、离开gettogether聚首、欢聚geton上车、进展、相处getout出去、离开getup起床、站起身getusedto习惯于getintouchwith和取得联系【考题回放】()MayI_myMP4? Sure.A.getoffB.getbackC.getonD.getto keep 【短语搭配】keepaway(from)避开、不接近keepback扣留keepdown控制keepinmind记住keepoff避开、不接触keeponesword遵守诺言keepon(doingsth)继续(做某事)keepout不让进入keepup保持keepupwith跟上、不落在后面【考题回放】()Thewindowsarebrokenandneedrepairing.Ithinkso.Theycanhardly_thecoldnow.A.keepoutB.giveoutC.takeoutD.putout look 【短语搭配】lookafter照顾lookat看lookfor寻找lookdownon(upon)看不起、轻视lookforwardto盼望lookinto调查、研究lookout当心、注意lookover查看、检查lookthrough浏览lookup(在词典或参考书中)查阅(词或资料)【考题回放】()Thedoctor_thecryingbaby,buthecouldntfindoutwhatwaswrongwithit.A.lookedoverB.lookedafterC.lookedforD.lookedout fall 【短语搭配】fallasleep入睡fallbehind落后falldown跌倒、垮下来fallinlovewith爱上fallinto落入、陷入falltopieces崩溃、解体fallintothehabitof养成习惯【考题回放】 ()AloneinLondon,withoutfriends,work,ormoney,Shelly_greatdifficulty.A.putintoB.fellintoC.turnedintoD.brokeinto run【短语搭配】runafter追逐、追求runaway逃跑、跑掉runinto遇到、撞上runoff跑掉、迅速离开runoutof用完、用尽【考题回放】()We_coalandhadtoburnwood.A.ranoutofB.ranawayC.ranoffD.raninto set【短语搭配】asetof一套setanexample树立榜样setfireto对放火setoff动身、激起、引起setup建立、创立、开办【考题回放】()TheChineseCommunistPartywas_in1921.A.putupB.takenupC.madeupD.setup break【短语搭配】breakdown损坏、坏掉breakinto破门而入、非法进入breakoff突然终止、中断breakout(战争、火灾等)爆发、突然发生【考题回放】()He_inthemiddleofhisstoryandhurriedhome.A.brokedownB.brokeintoC.brokeoffD.brokeouttime【短语搭配】aheadoftime提前allthetime一直、始终atatime每次、一次atalltimes在任何时候、经常atonetime一度、曾经atthesametime同时、一起bythetime到时候atthetime那时候attimes有时、间或behindthetimes过时、陈旧fromtimetotime不时、有时haveagood/greattime玩得愉快intime及时onceuponatime从前、以前ontime准时takeonestime慢慢来、不着急timeandtimeagain一再【考题回放】()Didyourfatherworkinafactory_?Yes,butnowheworksinabank.A.atatimeB.atonetimeC.atthesametimeD.atalltimescarry【短语搭配】carryoff叼走、夺走、赢得carryon进行、继续下去carryout实施、执行【考题回放】()Whendidtheybeginto_theirplan?Lastmonth.A.carryoutB.putoutC.turnoutD.lookoutcatch【短语搭配】catchfire着火catchholdof抓住、抓牢catchsightof望见catchupwith赶上、追上becaughtin遇上、突然遭受【考题回放】()3.Hestudiedsohardthathe_allhisclassmatesintheend.A.putupwithB.caughtupwithC.cameupwithD.endedupwithpoint【短语搭配】point out 指出 point at 指着point to 指向、说明很可能会(有)【考题回放】( )2. Mr. Wang _ the danger of doing so.A. came out B. pointed outC. worked out D. gave out unlessunlessconj.除非;若非;如果不。它是个从属连词,引导条件状语从句。由于unless具有否定意义,因此它引导的是个否定的条件。在中学阶段可以把它看作是if.not的同义表达。值得注意的是,unless从句如同if从句一样也常用一般现在时态表将来。如:Unlessheworkshard,hewillnotpassthefinalexams.=Ifhedoesntworkhard,hewillnotpassthefinalexams.要是他不努力的话,期末考试将会不及格。Illnotgotoherbirthdaypartyunlesssheinvitesmeinperson.=Illnotgotoherbirthdaypartyifshedoesntinvitemeinperson.我不会去参加她的生日晚会,除非她亲自邀请我。decidedecidev.作出决定;下决心(做某事)。后面多跟动词不定式作宾语。如:Shedecidednottogoalone.她决定不单独去。decide的名词形式是decision,固定搭配makeadecision意为“作出决定”。如:Shecouldnotmakeadecisionaboutthedress.她对(买不买)这件连衣裙下不了决心。goodgood是英语中一个比较活跃的单词,既可作形容词,也可作名词。1.作形容词时,在句中既可作定语,也可作表语。(1)good意为“好的,美好的”。如:Weveseenthisgoodfilm.我们已看过这部好电影了。Thenewsistoogoodtobetrue.这条消息好得难以让人相信。(2)good意为“善良的,和蔼的”,相当于kind。如:Mrs.Wangisagoodwife.王太太是一个贤慧的妻子。(3)good意为“新鲜的”,相当于fresh。如:Thismeatdoesntsmellquitegood.这肉味不太新鲜了。(4)good意为“有益的,有帮助的”,常见短语begoodfor.,意为“对有益,有利于”;其反义词组是bebadfor.,意为“对有害,有害于”。如:Milkisgoodforchildren.牛奶对小孩有益。2.作名词,意为“利益,好处”,常见短语dosb.good,意为“对某人有好处”。如:Eatmorefruit.Itwilldoyougood.多吃水果,这对你有好处。3.与good有关的其他常见短语:(1)begoodat.意为“擅长于,在(方面)做得好”,后接名词、代词或v-ing形式作宾语。其同义词组为dowellin。如:AreyougoodatEnglish?你英语学得好吗?Theyaregoodatplayingfootball.他们擅长踢足球。(2)begoodto.意为“对友善”,一般接表示人的代词或名词,其中good可用friendly代替。如:Alltheparentsaregoodtotheirchildren.天下所有的父母对自己的子女都很好。(3)haveagood/greattime表示“玩得高兴,过得愉快”。其同义词组为enjoyoneself。如:Theyhadagoodtimeinthepark.他们在公园里玩得很高兴。相关链接good与well的区别在指质量和技艺等方面好时,good是形容词,而well是副词;well用作形容词时,专指身体健康,作表语,意为“(身体)好”。如:Itsagoodcar,anditrunswell.它是一部好车,跑得不错。Areyouwelltoday?你今天身体好吗?interest1.interest作及物动词。interestsb.意为“使某人感兴趣,引起某人注意”。如:Geographydoesntinteresthim.地理引不起他的兴趣。interestsb.in(doing)sth.意为“使某人在方面感兴趣”。如:Hetriedtointerestmeinbuyingthehouse.他想说服我买这所房子。2.interest作名词。意为“兴趣”时,常作不可数名词。常见短语show/haveinterestin(doing)sth.,意为“对表现出/有兴趣”。如:Sheshowedgreatinterestinthemeeting.她对这次会议表现出极大的兴趣。意为“业余爱好”或“感兴趣的事”时,常作可数名词。如:Hehastwogreatinterests.Oneissportsandtheotherismusic.他有两大爱好:一个是体育,另一个是音乐。3.interested是形容词,常用结构beinterestedin(doing)sth.意为“对(做)感兴趣”,主语是人。如:Johnisinterestedinhistory.约翰喜欢历史。Heisinterestedindrawingpictures.他对画画感兴趣。4.interesting也是形容词,意为“令人感兴趣的”,既可以作表语,也可以作定语。如:Thestoryisveryinteresting.这个故事很有趣。Thisisaninterestingmovie.这是一部有趣的电影。prefeprefer是及物动词,意为“更喜欢,更喜爱”,相当于like.better。1.prefersth.意为“更喜欢”。如:Hepreferscountrylife.他更喜欢乡村生活。2.preferdoing/todosth.意为“更喜欢干”。如:Ipreferwatching/towatchTV.我更喜欢看电视。3.prefersb.todosth.意为“宁愿某人做”。如:Ipreferyoutostayherealittlelonger.我更喜欢你在这里多呆一会儿。4.prefersth.tosth.意为“比起更喜欢”。如:SheprefersEnglishtoChinese.比起语文来她更喜欢英语。5.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.=prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.意为“喜欢做而不喜欢做,宁愿做而不愿做”。如:Ipreferdoingtotalking.我喜欢做事,不喜欢空谈。Childrenprefertostayathomeratherthangooutwithyou.孩子们宁愿呆在家里而不愿和你一起出去。remindremind是及物动词,意为“提醒,使记起”。1.remindsb.意为“提醒某人”。如:HeremindedmeintimejustasIwouldmakethesamemistakeagain.他就在我差一点犯同样的错误时,及时提醒了我。2.remindsb.todosth.意为“提醒某人做”。如:Theteacherremindedustopayattentiontothepronunciationofthenewword.老师提醒我们要注意这个生词的发音。3.remindsb.ofsb./sth.意为“使某人想起”。如:Theearringsremindmeofmygrandma.这对耳环使我想起了我的奶奶。4.remindsb.that.意为“提醒某人”。如:PleaseremindmethatIshouldbringhimapresentforhisbirthday.请提醒我给他带生日礼物。 turn1.作名词,意为“(依次轮到每个人的)机会”。常用于Itsonesturntodosth,意为“轮到某人做某事”,以及waitonesturn,意为“等着轮到某人”。如:Itsyourturntocleanuptheclassroom.该你打扫教室了。Youdbetterwaityourturntogettheticket.你最好按顺序等着拿票。2.作动词,意为“转弯,转变方向”。如:Thewheelturnedslowly.车轮缓慢地转了个弯。3.常见短语动词:turnon打开turnoff关掉turnup调节(收音机等)使音量变大turndown调节(收音机等)使音量变小友情提示turn还可用作系动词,后面跟形容词作表语。如:Whenautumncomes,leavesturnyellow.当秋天来到的时候,叶子都变黄了。 clean1.多作及物动词,有时也可用作不及物动词,意思是“弄干净,擦干净,打扫干净”。如:Pleasecleantheblackboard.请把黑板擦干净。Theseplatescleaneasily(=areeasytoclean).这些盘子很容易擦干净。2.常用词组:(1)cleanup意思是“收拾整洁,清理,整顿”。如:Thecitygovernmenthasdecidedtocleanupthecity.市政府已决定要整顿市容。友情提示可构成合成词:clean-up。如:Imgoinghometohaveagoodclean-up.我将回家好好收拾一下。(2)cleanout意思是“把(房间、抽屉等)弄干净整齐,清除”。如:Iaskedthechildrentocleanouttheirdrawers.我让孩子们把他们的抽屉收拾整齐。友情提示可构成合成词:clean-out。如:Theplaceneedsagoodclean-out.这个地方需要好好清理一下。strict1.strict是形容词,意为“严格的,严厉的”,可作表语也可作定语。如:Ourheadteacherisverystrict,butwestillneedmanystrictrules.我们的班主任非常严格,但是我们还需要许多严格的制度。2.我们常见短语bestrictwithsb.,意为“对某人严格要求”,以及bestrictin(doing)sth.,意为“对(做)某事严格要求”。如:Mr.Smithisverystrictwithhischildren.史密斯先生对他的孩子们要求十分严格。Weshouldbestrictin(doing)ourwork.对工作我们应该严格要求。sure1.sure作副词,表示“当然,的确”,相当于certainly/ofcourse。如:CanIborrowthesemagazines?我能借这些杂志吗?Sure/Certainly/Ofcourse.当然可以。2.sure作形容词,常用于以下结构:besuretodosth.表示说话人确信某人,以及besureof/that.表示某人确信自己。如:Heissuretosucceed.他一定会成功。(说话人确信)