公开课学案中考英语动词不定式重点.doc

导学案中考考点五：动词不定式(Infinitives) 崇文中学 米丽涛 班级：九（9）一. 课型：语法课 课时：2课时二教学目标：动词不定式三. 教学难点：不定式的正确使用四.教学方法：练习，归纳五.教学过程：一.导入. （I want you to finish some exercises to learn infinitives.）（一）程度：动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。（二）定义与构成：它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为_，_为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。（三）特点： 1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作_、_、_、_、_、_等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和分析，供同学们学习时参考。二.练习，归纳，总结不定式的常规用法一)、动词不定式作_.1. Its our duty _ the room every day(甘肃省).A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans2. Its hard for us _ English well(江西省). A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning3. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup(安徽省). A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to简析动词不定式作_时，可以直接放在谓语动词_主语位置，也可以用_作形式_语，而将真正的_语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1) It is +形容词+(_ sb)+to do sth. 句中常用_， _， _， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；(2) It is +名词+(_ sb)+ to do sth.(3) It takes sb some time _ _ _.(4) It is +形容词+(_ sb)+ to do sth.二)、动词不定式作_.1. He wants _ some vegetables(山西省). A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school(福建省). A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking 3. He found it very difficult _(湖南省).A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep简析在_， _，_，_，_， _，_，_， _， _， _，_， _， _等动词后面，可以接带_不定式作_语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用_作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的_ 放到后面，常见的动词有：_,_.三)、动词不定式作_.1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)2. Mr. Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food(甘肃省). A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked3. The boss made them _the whole night. A. works B. to work C. work D. worked简析不定式可以用作_,分两类。1.接带to不定式作_的动词有：_，_, _, _, _，_,_,_等。2. 接不带to不定式作_的动词有：_，_, _, _, _，_,_,_等。四)、动词不定式作_1. She went _ her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)3. I come here only _ good-bye to you. A. said B. says C. to say D. saying简析go， come， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常接不定式作_状语。另外，不定式做目的状语，可置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：1) In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.to do sth / in order to do sth / so as to do sth用作目的状语，置句末时都可以用，置句首时只用to do sth / in order to do sth 。so as to do sth 一般不置于句首.3. Im sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. Im sorry _ you. A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend. A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省)简析be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示_或_。6. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为同义句)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (广东省)简析在“too +形容词/副词+ (for sb)+to do sth”(太而不能)和“be+形容词+enough + (for sb) +to do”(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作_状语。五)、动词不定式作_.1. Would you like something _? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _. A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _. A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)简析不定式作_语时，常放在被修饰的词_，如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后的介词或副词_省略，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六)、动词不定式作_.1. My wish is _ to space. A. go B. to going C. going D. to go2.You job is _ the letters in the office. A. to type B. to typing C. types D. type简析不定式作_语时, 常说明主语的内容、性质、特征，且常用于以下结构：ones _ / _ / aim / goal is 七)、动词不定式的否定形式1. Mr. Black asked the man _ the queue. A. not to jump B. to not jump C. didnt jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区)2. The old man let the child _ noisy. A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not (湖北省)简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号_的前面加上_，如果是不带_的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上_.八）动词不定式的被动形式：_ 例：The bike needs _ at once. A. to mending B. to be mended C. to mend D. to mended不定式的特殊用法：一）、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired. A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西壮族自治区)2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home? Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me. A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Lets have a rest, shall we? Not now, I cant stop _ the letters. A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)简析一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：1. “stop to do sth” 意为“停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事”(_)，“ stop doing sth”意为“停止正在做的事”(_).2. “remember to do sth” 意为“记住去做某事”(事还未做，_)，“ remember doing sth”意为“记得做过某事”(事已做,_).3.“go on to do sth”意为“接着做某事”(做完一事，接着做另一事)，“ go on doing sth”意为“继续做某事”(接着做同一件事).4.“forget to do sth”意为“忘了做某事”(事还未做，_)，“ forget doing sth”意为“忘了曾做过某事”(事已做，_)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head. A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past. A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龙江省)简析在_， _， _， _等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示_ 或_，用动词的-ing形式表示动作_. 但既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有_, _, _, _等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次的、具体的动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如：Then I started to watch English-language TV.二）、动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带_，被动语态句里必须带_的动词多数是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：_, observe(观察，注意), _, _，三“让”：_,_, _，二“听”：_,_，一“感觉”：_，一“注意”：_。例：The boss made them work the whole night. 被动句：They were made to work the whole night.三）、疑问词动词不定式1. 疑问词what，which，how，where，when等+_，构成不定式短语。“疑 问词动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等。如： When to start off hasnt been decided yet. 什么时候出发还没决定。（作主语） The question is which bus to take. 问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。（作表语） Mary didnt know whether _ there.（作宾语）A. to leave or stay B. to leave or to stay C. leave or stay D. leave or to stay简析这类动词常见的有advise， _， find out， _，_， learn， see等. 2.“疑问词动词不定式”可以简化宾语从句。如： I dont know what I should say. I dont know what to say. 但why not后面的不定式不带to.例：Why not_ to a movie? A. going B. to go C. go D. goes四）、省略“to”的动词不定式。to是动词不定式常常带有的小品词，是动词不定式的标志。但在下列情况下它常常被省略掉：1. 作感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice等的宾语补足语时。如： We felt the house shake. 我们感到房屋摇晃。2. 作使役动词make，let，have等的宾语补足语时。如： She lets us meet her at the station. 她让我们去车站接她。3. help后的宾语补足语前可带to也可不带to.如： She helped her mother（to）prepare for Christmas. 她帮助她母亲为圣诞节做准备。4. “Will you please ？”结构中，不定式符号to要省略。如： Will you please close the door？ 请你关上门，好吗？5. “had better（not）”结构中，不定式符号to要省略。如： You had better not talk in class. 在课堂上，你最好不要说话。6. “would rather（宁愿）”结构中，不定式符号to要省略。如： I would rather stay at home. 我宁愿待在家里。7. “Why not ？”结构中，紧跟其后的动词不定式要省略to.如： Why not ask Jim？ 为什么不问问吉姆？8. 当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时，第一个不定式前加to，后面的不定式往往省 略to.如： He told me to finish my homework and（to）hand it in. 他告诉我完成作业并把它交上去。巩固练习选择1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A. this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. The sitting-room needs _, but itll have to wait until Saturday.A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visited him10. Li Yang advised me _ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking11. Tell him _ the window. A. to close not B. not to close C. to not close D. not close 12. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 13. Youd better _the story in Japanese. A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk 14. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 15. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 16. There are some books on the floor, would you like _? A. to pick them up B. to pick up them C. pick it up D. pick up it 17. She is very ill, lets _a doctor at once. A. to wake up B. send for C. to pay for D. pay for 18. I want _a teacher when I grow up. A. to be B. to C. be D. being 19. Its cold here. Youd better _ your coat. A. not take out B. not to take down C. not take off D. not to take away 20. My mother told me _more water. A. drinking B. drank C. to drink D. drink 提升： 1. Youd better _read in the sun. A. not to B. not C. dont D. to 2. You arent a new driver, are you? _. A. No, I am B. Yes, Im not C. No, you are D. Yes, I am 3. Must I stay here now?_. A. No, you mustnt B. No, you neednt C. Yes, you can D. Yes, you may 4. There is _ s in the word bus. A. a B. an C. the D. / 5. Neither of us _a doctor. A. is B. isnt C. are D. arent 6. Who was the first in the girls_race? A. 400 metre B. 400-metre C. 400 metres D. 400-metres 7. Its too noisy here, I cant _. A. go to sleep B. fall to sleep C. sleeping D. get to sleep 8. The story happened _ the evening of October 20, 1995. A. at B. on C. in D. to 9. Could I speak to Mr. Gao, please? _. He has gone to the hospital. A. I think so B. Certainly, you can C. Im afraid not D. Im not sure 10. Im sorry to trouble you, Miss Hu. _. A. Fine, thank you. B. All right. C. Its very kind of you . D. It doesnt matter. 11. Can you tell me where_? A. is the post office B. the post office is C. does the post office D. the post office does 12. In England, the first name is _name, but in China, the first name is _ name. A. family, given B. given, family C. family, family D. given, given 13. Li Ping met an old friend of _ on a train yesterday. A. he B. him C. his D. her 14. Kate is _ girl. A. a eighteen-year-old B. a eighteen-years-old C. an eighteen -years-old D. an eighteen-year-old 15. Our city is getting _. A. beautiful and beautiful B. beautifuler and beautifuler C. more and more beautiful D. more beautifler and more beautifuler综合练习根据括号内的动词,用适当的形式填空,空内可能不只填一个词,使句子完整意思正确 1. They usually _ kites on Sundays. (fly) 2. Look! The dogs _ after the cat. (run) 3. Miss Gao _ English in our school since she came here. (teach) 4. The class meeting _ last Wednesday afternoon. (hold) 5. You should let him _ the work by himself. (finish) 6. Meimei _ to wash the old womans clothes twice every week. (go) 7. Mr. Jiang _ us Chinese last term. (teach) 8. My father _ back from Japan tomorrow. (come) 9. Its seven oclock now. The Greens _ breakfast together. (have) 10. Jim _ many Chinese songs since he came to China. (learn) 11. Please remember _ the window when you leave the room. (close) 12. After school some students began to do some _ in the classroom. (clean) 13. English _ widely in the whole world today. (speak)