(高考英语热点动词十五类).doc

高考英语热点动词十五类攻坚高考必考重点 高考英语热点动词十五类动词是英语中最活跃的词类，是句子的核心成分。此外，英语动词的变化较多，形式颇为复杂，是英语学习的难点之一。历届高考英语试题常把动词作为测试的重点，在单项填空题中所占比例在50以上。笔者通过对近十年来的高考英语试题进行分析，归纳常考动词十五类，供大家参考。一、连系动词类 连系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种： 1变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如become，go，turn，grow，get，fall等。 2感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel，smell，taste，look，sound等。 3状态类表事物所处的状态，如keep，come，inn，remain，stand，lie，stay，prove等。 4外表特征类表外表给人的印象，如appear，seem，look等。 连系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个(如feel，get，become，grow等)外不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如： The mixture is tasted terrible(误)The mixture tastes terrible. (正) Jim pretended to be falling asleep when his mothercame in(误) Jim pretended to fallbe asleep when his mother camein(正) Im feeling much better than ever before It was getting darker and darkerBesides，a cold rain began to fall 【高考例题】 (1)Do you like the material? Yes，it_very soft(NMET94) Ais feeling Bfelt Cfeels Dis felt (2)Why dont you put the meat in the fridge?It will_ fresh for several days(NMET03) Abe stayed Bstay Cbe staying Dhave stayed (3)The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain_as the plane was making a landing Aseat Bseating Cseated Dto be seating (04春季高考上海卷) (4)Be careful when you CROSS this very busy streetIf not，you may_run over by a car(02高考北京卷) Ahave Bget Cbecome Dturn (5)Happy birthday，AliceSo you have_twentyone already(04天津卷) Abecome Bturned Cgrown Dpassed (6)Sarah，hurry upIm afraid you cant have time to_before the party(04全国卷II) Aget changed Bget change Cget changing Dget to change (7)On hearing the news of the accident in the coalmine，she pale(04湖北卷) Agot Bchanged Cwent Dappeared (8)The flowemsweet in the botanic gardenattract the visitors to the beauty of nature(04上海卷) Ato smell Bsmelling Csmelt Dto be smelt (9)Although he has taken a lot of medicine，his heahh_poor(02春上海卷) Aproves Bremains Cmaintains Dcontinues (10)I love to go to the seaside in summerIt_goodto lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea Adoes Bfeels Cgets Dmakes(Key：CBCBB ACBBB) 二、感官动词类 常考的感官动词有see，watch，notice，observe，hear，feel_findcatch等。感官动词的主要作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。 1后接不带to的不定式表示一个发生过或者还没发生具体的动作。 I often heard the song sung，but I have never heard yousing it When you go to watch the football watch，you will enjoy seeing the Chinese football team win 2后接V-ing形式表正在进行的动作。 Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea，we let out a shout ofjoy Hearing thisI felt my heart beating fast 3后接v-ed形式表被动意义。 After his return twenty years later，he found his home town greatly changed Aithough I had learnt some English，I had never heard a word of it spoken 【高考例题】 (1)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year(NMET2000) Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out (2)A cook will be immediately fired if he is foundin the kitchen(NMET03) Asmoke Bsmoking Cto smoke Dsmoked ( 3)The missing boys were last seennear the river Aplaying Bto be playing Cplay Dto play (4)The salesman scolded the girl who was caughtand let her off(NMET93) Ato have stolen Bto be stealing Cto steal Dstealing f5)He looked around and caught a manhis hand into the pocket of a passenger Aput Bto be putting Cto put Dputting(04春北京卷) (Key：CBADD)三、使役动词类 表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make，let，have，keep，leave，set，send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况： 1make1et have等后接不带t0的不定式，表“使让某人某物做某事”。 Dont make him do it if he doesnt want to If you have any problems，just let me know 在被动结构中不定式须带to，但是have不用于被动结构中to。 He was made to apologize to the guest 2have，keep，leave，send，set，get等后接V-ing形式。表持续性动作。 Im sorry to keep you waiting for so long Why do you have him worrying about his lessons? 3have，keep，leave等后接V-ed形式，表被动含义。 He didnt keep on asking me the time until he had had his watch repaired I11 keep you informed as soon as I have the news 【高考例题】 (1)Dont leave the water_while you brushyour teeth(04天津卷) Arun Brunning Cbeing rnn Dto run (2)Laws that punish parents for their childrens actionsagainst the laws get parents_.(04重庆卷) Aworried Bto worry Cworrying Dworry(3)Why did you go back to the shop?I left my friend_there(03春安徽内蒙古卷) Awaiting Bto wait Cwait Dwaits (4)It was so cold that they kept the fire_all night(NMET91) Ato bum Bburn Cburning Dburned (5)G00d morning，can I help you? Id like to have this package_，madam Abe weighed Bweighing Cweighed Dto weigh (NMET89) (6)The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself_(NMET91)Ahear Bto hear Chearing Dheard (7)As you have never been there before， I11 have someone_you the way(94春上海卷) Ashow Bto show Cshowing Dshowed (8)Paul doesnt have to be made_He always works hard(NMET95) A1earn Bto learn C1earned D1earning (9)A computer can do only what thinking people_(99上海卷) Ahave it do Bhave it done Chave done it Dhaving it done (10)MrsBrown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had_went wrong(98年上海卷) Ait Bit repaired Crepaired Dto be repaired (Key：BCACC DABAC)四、含情感色彩的动词 这类动词有excite，inspire，encourage，interest，satisfy，delight，please，move，frighten，surprise，amaze，astonish，shock，worry，astonish，disappoint，discourage，exhaust，puz-zletire、terrify等。情感动词后接指人的名词或代词作宾语，有Ving和Ved两种形式，在句中作宾语和表语，Ving形式指人，Ved形式则指事物。 The story was so moving that everyone present was moved to tears What disappointing result!We were all disappointed with it Climbing a hill was tiring and we were tired when we reached the summit 【高考例题】 (1)Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _his boss(2000春北京安徽内蒙古卷) Aserves Bsatisfies Cpromises Dsupports (2)Im very_with my own cookingIt looks nice smells delicious 一一Mm，it does have a_smell(02春NMET) Apleasant；pleased Bpleased；pleased Cpleasant；pleasant Dpleased；pleasant (3)MrSmith，_of the_speech，started to read a novel(03春北京卷)Atired；boring Btiring；boredCtired；bored D. tiring；boring (4)It is believed that if a book is_，it will surely_the reader(03上海卷) Ainterested；interest Binteresting；be interested Cinterested；be interesting Dinteresting；interest (5)After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home_(04春上海卷) Abeing exhausted Bexhausted Cexhausting Dhaving exhausted (Key：BDADB)五、后接不定式动词类 afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，mange,hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等动词，后跟不定式作宾语。 Thank you for offering to help，but I can manage myself He learned to ride a bicycle when he was a small boy 【高考例题】 (1)We agreed_here but so far she hasnt turned up yet(NMET95) Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met (2)Little Jim should love_ to the theatre this evening(NMET92) Ato be taken Bto take Cbeing taken Dtaking (3)I dont know whether you happen_，but 1 9m going to study in the USAthis September(04辽宁卷) Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard (4)She pretended_me when I passed by（NMET89） Anot to see Bnot seeing Cto not see Dhaving not seen (5)Do let your mother know all the truthShe appears _everything(01高考上海卷) Ato tell Bto be told Cto be telling Dto have been told (Key：CADAD) 六、后接Ving形式动词类 该类动词常考的有appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postphone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等。这些动词须接Ving 形式作宾语。例如： I dont mind waitingbut Ive got to stand in the cold wind Have you considered making some necessary changes to your plan? Only by practising speaking English every day can you expect to improve your spoken English 【高考例题】 (1)1 would appreciate_back this afternoon Ayou to call Byou call Cyour calling Dyoure calling (2)While shopping，people sometimes cant help_into buying something they dont really need(96年上海卷) Ato pemuade Bpersuading Cbeing persuaded Dbe persuaded (3)He has always insisted on his_Drturner instead of MrTurner(92上海卷) Abeen called Bcalled Cbeing called Dhaving called (4)I really appreciate_to relax with you on this nice island(04年上海卷) 、 Ato have had time Bhaving time Cto have time Dto having time (5)Do you mind_alone at home? (94年上海卷) AJane leaving BJane having left CJanes being 1eft DJane to be left (6)1 can hardly imagine Peter_across the Atlantic Ocean in five days(NMET91) Asail Bto sail Csailing Dto have sailed (Key：CBCBCC)七、后接不定式与Vin0形式意义不同动词类 remember，try，regret，mean，forget，stop，go on，cant help等后接不定式与Ving形式作宾语，表达含义不同。见下表：_动词 接动名词作宾语 接不定式作宾语_remember 过去发生的动作 将来的动作try 尝试做某事 努力做某事regret 对做过的事表示后悔 对要做的事表示遗憾mean 意味着做某事 企图(打算)做某事cant help 禁不住做某事 不能帮助做某事go Oll 继续做未完成的事情 做完一件事后，接着做另一件事forget 忘记以前曾做过某事 忘记做某事stop 中断正在做的事情 中断正在做的事，去做别的事_ 例如： I remember being pad，but Ive forgotten the exact amount Please remember to send me a photo of your son the next time you write to me I dont really mean to work here，which means leaving the iob soon afterwards 【高考例题】 (1)The light in the office is still on(NMET91) Oh，I forgot_ Aturning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it off (2)You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting(NMET95) 一一Well，now I regret_that Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving done (3)She cant help_the house because shes busy making a cake(97上海卷) Ato clean Bcleaning Ccleaned Dbeing cleaned (4)I usually go there by train(NMET92) Why not_by boat for a change? Ato try going Btrying to go Cto try and go Dtry going (5)Let me tell you something about the journalists 一一Dont you remember_me the story yesterday?(99年高考上海卷) Atold Btelling Cto tell Dto have told (6)The library needs_，but I11 have to wait until Sunday(NMET92) Acleaning Bbe cleaned Cbeing cleaned Dclean (7)In some parts of London，missing a bus means_for another hour(02春上海卷) Awaiting Bto wait Cwait Dto be waiting (8)She reached the top of the hill and stoppedon a big rock by the side of the path(NMET90) Aresting Bto have rested Crested Dto rest(9)Go on the other exercise after you have finished this one(NMET89)Ato do Bdoing Cwith Dto be doing (Key：BDADB AADA)八、进行时态表将来意义动词类 这类动词一般为表位置移动或方向性动词，如go，come，8tart，arrive，take，leave，move等。例如： When are going off to for Shanghai? Mary as well as her parents is leaving for California next month 【高考例题】 (1)Ive won a holiday for two to FloridaI_my mum(01春NMET) Aam taking Bhave taken Ctake Dwill have taken (2)What were you doing when he came to see you?(89上海卷) I had just put on my overcoat and_visit a friend A1eaving Bwas left C1eft Dwas leaving (3)What were you doing when Tony phoned you? I had just finished my work and_to take a shower(04天津卷) Ahad started Bstarted Chave started Dwas starting (Key：ADD) 九、主动表被动动词类 英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况： 1某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell，wash，write，last，read，wear等。这种“动词+副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。 This kind of cloth washes well and lasts long The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smoothly Written in simple English，this article reads easily 2某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如open(打开，营业)，close(关门)，shut(关闭)，cut(切割)，weigh(重)，act(上演)等。 The door wont shut This shop opens much earlier than it used to Each stone weighs 2 tons 3某些不及物动词，如happen，occur，cost以及短语，如come out(出版)，come up(出现)，come into being(产生)come to ones mind(想起)，turn out(证明是)，come about(发生)，break out(爆发)，belong to(属于)等。本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。 The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 1 8th century Suddenly an idea came to his mind It never occurred to me to phone you 【高考例题】 (1)The evening news comes on at seven oclock and _onlv thirty minutes(04全国卷II) AkeeDs Bcontinues Cfinishes D1asts (2)Mummy，can I put the peaches in the cupboard?(02北京卷) NodearThey dont_wellPut them in the fridge instead Akeep Bfit Cget D1ast (3)Books of this kind_well(99上海卷) Asell Bsells Care sold Dis sold (key：DAA) 十、虚拟语气动词类 insist，order，command，suggest，advise，propose，ask，requirerequest。demand等后接引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词须用“(should)+动词原形”。 The guard at the gate insisted that everyone should obey the rules The rule requires that everyone，young or old，mall or women，have his car checked once a year 【高考例题】 (1)How do youwe go to Beijing for our holidays I think wed better fly thereIts much more comfortable(04福建卷) Ainsist Bwant Csuppose Dsuggest (2)Janes pale face suggested that she_ill，and her parents suggested that she_a medical examination(94上海卷) Abe；should have Bwas；have Cshould be；had Dwas；has (3)sent to work here?(02上海卷) AWho do you suggest BWho do you suggest that should CDo you suggest who should DDo you suggest whom should (Key：DBA)十一、省略替代类 believe，think，suppose，guess，hope，expect，imagine，would like(10ve)，be afraid等动词用于简略回答中，后接80来替代肯定分句用not来替代否定分句。或接to来替代前面内容相同的不定式。表示看法、意见、设想、打算等。例如： Do you think Norman would haveent me his car I had asked him to? YesI think SO Will you be able to come to my birthday party? Idlove tobut Im too busy 注意：believe，think，suppose，guess等用于否定回答时，既可以说I believe(think，suppose guess)not，也可以说I dont believe(think，suppose guess)SO，但用hope，expect，be afraid作否定回答时，只能说I hope(expect)not以及Im afraid not。 【高考例题】 (1)I believe WeVe met somewhere before(2000春季北京、安徽、内蒙古卷)N0_Ait isnt the same Bit Cflnt be trueCI dont think SO DId rather not(2)The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they?(03春北京卷) _ AI guess not so BI dont guess CI dont guess it DI guess not (3)Do you think itS going to rain over the weekend? 一_(NMET94) AI dont believe BI dont believe it CI believe not so DI believe not (Key：CDD)十二、否定转移类think，believe，guess，suppose，imagine，expeet等动词后接that引导的宾语从句时从句若为否定结构，常将否定词not前移到主句中。 I dont think it is possible to learn a foreign language well without much memory work He doesnt think Tom wilJ make an excellent player 当该结构的主句主语为第一人称时，变为反意疑问句，后半句的主语和谓语简略形式应与从句保持一致，否则与主句保持一致。例如： I dont think there is anything else I needis there? He doesnt believe he will be able to solve the problems by herself,does he? 【高考例题】 (1)I dont suppose anyone will volunteer，_?(01上海卷) Ado I Bdont I Cwill they Dwont they (2)MrsBlack doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera，_?(02上海卷) Ais he Bisnt he Cdoesnt she Ddoes she (Key：C D)十三、带介词to的动词短语类 这类短语有be (get) used to，lead to，devoteto，lookforward to，stick to，object to，get down to，there is noend to等。当它们后面出现动词时，要用Ving形式。例如： Ive got used to driving in all kinds of weather As soon as she returned home from abroad， she got down to preparing supper for children 注意区分介词to与不定式符号to。 He used to drive on the right and now he is used to driving 013 the left(used to表“过去常常”。to为不定式符号，be used to表“习惯于”，to为介词) Irn looking forward to seeing you 80013f look forward to意思是“盼望，期待”，to为介词。) He looked forward to see what was happening (look forward意为“向前看”，to see是不定式作目的状语。) 【高考例题】 (1)MrReed made up his mind to devote all he had tosome schools for poor children(01上海卷)Aset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up(2)The discovery of new evidence led to_ (03上海卷)Athe thief having caught Bcatch the thiefCthe thief being caught Dthe thief to be caught(3)She looks forward every spring to_the flowerlined garden(94上海卷) Avisit Bpaying a visit Cwalking Dwalking in (Key：BCD)十四、瞬间(非延续性动词)类 这类动词常考的有go，come，leave，start，retum，begin，arrive，stop，finish，borrow，lend，open，close，die，become，break，join，marry，employ，graduate等。瞬间(非延续性动词)表短暂性的动作，因此不可与表“段时间”的forsince短语或since从句连用。例如： He has come here for three years(误) He has been here for three years(正) It is three years since he came here(正) 高考例题 (1)ItS ten years since the scientist_on hislifeS work of discovering the valuable chemical Amade for Bset out Ctook off Dturned up (04江苏卷) (2)My uncl_until he was fortyfive(2000高考上海卷) Amarried Bdidnt married Cwas not marrying Dwould malty (3)_David and Vicky_married?(03北京卷) 一For about three years AHow long were；being BHow long have；got CHow long have；been DHow long did；get (4)How long_at thisjob?(03春北京卷) Since 1990 Awere you employed Bhave you been employed Chad you been employed Dwill you be employed (5)When Jack arrived he learned Mary_for almost an hour(NMET92) Ahad gone Bhad set off Chad left Dhad been away (6)They_friends since they met in Shanghai(NMET89) Ahave made Bhave become Chave been Dhave turned (Key：BBCBDC)十五、计划未能实现类 intend，mean，hope，wish，plan，expect，think，want，suppose等动词用于过去时态，可表示过去未能实现的愿望、想法、打算等。 1该类动词用于过去完成时后接不定式或宾语从句。 I had never thought you would bring me such a nice gift I had panned to call on youbut 1 was too busy to get away. 2该类动词用于一般过去时后接不定式的完成式或一般式。 Id like to have arrive on timebut 1 was caught on the traffic jam 高考例题】 (1)You should have thanked her before you leftI meant_，but when 1 was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere(2000春上海卷) Ato do Bto Cdoing Ddoing SO (2)why havent you bought any butter?(01春北京安徽内蒙古卷) I_to but I forgot about it A1iked Bwished Cmeant Dexpected (3)1 would love_the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report(NMET97) Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone (4)Alice，why didnt you come yesterday? I_，but I had an unexpected visitor(NMET97) Ahad Bwould Cwas goingto Ddid (Key：BCBC)