初一英语语法复习.doc

初一英语语法复习1. 形容词的用法：形容词用以修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征。在句中可以作定语、表语，用于限定被修饰语的特征，如长短、大小、重量、颜色、高矮、胖瘦、新旧等，。The little girl is very pretty. 这个小女孩很好看。 -I want that one. 我想要那个。 -Which one? 哪一个？ -The new blue one. 那个蓝色新的。Can I have a look at the big nice one? 我能看一看那个大的漂亮的吗？2、人称代词：是用来表示人的代词，有单数和负数之分，有主格和宾格之分。人称代词的主格在句中作主语；人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语，是作动词或介词的宾语。 主格：I, we, you, he, she, it, they在句子中作主语 宾格：me, us, you, him, her, it, them在句子中作宾语He and I are in the same class. 我和他在同一个班级。Can you see them in the street? 你能看见他们在街上吗？3、可数名词和不可数名词英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。凡是可数计数的名词叫做可数名词；凡是不可以计数的名词叫做不可数名词。（1）可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。可数名词前可以用不定冠词、数词或some many等修饰。如：a man a desk an apple an orange some books some children tow pens（2）不可数名词没有复数形式，前面不能用不定冠词、数词或many等词语修饰，但可以用some a little much等词语来修饰。有时可以与一些量词短语搭配，这些量词短语中的名词一般是可数的，有单数形式，也可以有复数形式。如：some water a little milk much food a piece of bread tow bottles of ink some glasses of water4、祈使句祈使句用来表示请求、命令等，句中没有主语，肯定形式由谓语或者谓语+宾语（+宾语补足语）构成，否定形式则在句前加Dont.Stand up, please. 请起立。 Dont worry. 别担心。can的用法：can是情态动词，表示“能，会，可以，被允许等”，其后接动词原形，否定形式为cannot，可缩写为cant. She can speak Japanese. 她会讲日语。 I cant remember his name. 我不记得他的名字了。 Can you spell your name? 你会拼写你的名字吗？5、现在进行时态：概念：表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，也可以表示目前一段时间内或现阶段正在进行的活动。结构：由be动词(am, is, are) + 动词ing构成，其中be动词要与主语保持性数一致。Mary is flying a kite in the park. 玛丽正在公园里放风筝。-What are you doing now?你现在在干什么？-Im reading English. 我正在读英语。Are they drawing the pictures now?他们正在画画吗？动词现在分词是动词原形变化而来的，规则变化如下：动词ing形式叫动词现在分词，其构成如下：1) 直接在动词后加ingplayplaying, dodoing, talktalking, sing-singing2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加ingmakemaking, writewriting, havehaving, taketaking3) 以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母，应双写这个辅音字母，再加ingrunrunning, stopstopping, putputting, swimswimming注意对现在进行时态的判断。判断一个英语句子用什么时态，主要看句子的时间状语，一般说来，每种时态都有与之相对应的时间状语。现在进行时表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作。因此，这个时态最常用的时间状语是now；但有不少句子并没有now，只能通过提示语如look、listen等或者通过上下文来确定用现在进行时。She is cleaning her room now. 她正在打扫房间。 Look! The girl is dancing over there. 看！那个女孩在那里跳舞。 -Can you go and play games with me? 你能和我们一起做游戏吗？ -Cant you see I am doing my homework? 你没看见我正在做作业吗？6、have/ has的用法：1) 谓语动词have表示“有”，有两种形式：have和has，前者用于第一人称(I, we)，第二人称(you)和第三人称复数(they)，后者用于第三人称单数(he, she, it)或单数名词。 I have an apple and he has two bananas. 我有一个苹果，他有两个香蕉。 You have a new English teacher. 你们有了一个新的英语老师。 It has two big eyes. 它有一双大眼睛。 Julie and Jack have a nice car. 朱莉和杰克有一辆好看的车。2) have/has句型与there be句型的比较：两者都表示“有”，但用法不同。前者表示所属关系，即表示“某人或某物有什么”，而后者表示存在，表示“某地有什么”。They have some new books. 他们有一些新书。 There are some new books on their desks. 他们桌子上有一些新书。 She has a lot of pretty skirts. 她有很多漂亮的裙子。 There are a lot of pretty skirts in the shop. 商店里有很多漂亮的裙子。3) have/ has的否定句，一般要加助动词do/ does，再加not构成，即do not have (dont have)/ does not have (doesnt have). She does not have a sister. 她没有姐姐。We dont have any classes on Saturday. 我们星期六没有课。Ann and I dont have a big room. 我和安没有一个大房间。4) 一般疑问句由“助动词Do/ Does + 主语 + have + 宾语”构成，回答用Yes, do/ does.或者No, dont/ doesnt. -Do you have a big house? 他们的房子大吗？ -No, they dont. 不，他们的房子不大。-Does he have an eraser? 他有橡皮吗？-Yes, he does. 他有的。 5) 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词 + 助动词do/ does + have (+状语)构成。 What do they have? 他们有什么？What does he have? 他有什么？How many telephones do they have? 他们有几部电话？7、介词用法：1) 具体时间前介词用at。. He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。 She goes to bed at eleven oclock. 她十一点睡觉。2) 表示“在早上，在下午，在晚上”的短语中用介词in，且定冠词the不能省略；表示“在中午，在夜里”的短语中介词用at，不加冠词。 in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上at noon在中午，at night在夜里3) 表示“在某天”、“在某天的上午、下午等”的短语用介词on。What do you usually do on Monday morning? 星期一上午你通常做什么？ Do you sometimes go out to eat on Friday evening? 有时你星期五晚上出去吃饭吗？ He watches DVDs on Saturday night. 星期六晚上他看DVD。 Parents take children to parks on June 1. 六月一日，家长们带着孩子去公园。4) 在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么？ He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。 She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。8、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。其动词形式是：动词原形（只有第三人称单数作主语时除外，要加-s）其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does1) 肯定句用行为动词原形表示They get up very early every morning. 他们每天早晨起来很早。 I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一个月去看望祖父母四次。2) 否定句用dont + 动词原形来表示We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日不去购物。 I dont think you like this colour. 我想你不喜欢这个颜色。3) 一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首，后面动词用原形。回答时，肯定用 “Yes, 主语do”；否定句用 “No, 主语dont”。Do they go to school at seven oclock? 他们七点去上学吗？ -Yes, they do. -Do you like this skirt? 你喜欢这条裙子吗？ -No, I dont. 不，我不喜欢。一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与以下的时间状语连用：often 经常，always 总是，sometimes 有时，usually 通常，every day/ week 每天/ 周等。He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他骑车上学。 I visit my grandparents every week. 我每个星期都去看祖父母。 She is always late for class. 她总是上课迟到。 My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有时出去吃饭。It often rains here. 这儿常常下雨。主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时一般现在时态，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要是第三人称单数，后要加-s或-es。He likes reading at night. 他喜欢夜里读书。 She usually goes to school by bike. 她平时骑车上学。 The little cat drinks milk every day. 小猫每天都喝牛奶。转换成否定句要加doesnt，其后的动词用原形。Kelly doesnt get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凯丽星期六星期天起床不早。 He doesnt feel well today. 他今天感觉不舒服。转换成一般疑问句，句首用Does，其后的动词用原形。Does he have lunch at school? 他在学校吃午饭吗？ Does it take long by train? 乘火车要很长时间吗？%name%(%size%, %expiretime%)查看下载信息UNIT5 Topic1一 单词： Invite 邀请 I want to invite you to go to the party. none 无一人，无任何东西 Here was none left. moving 感动的 The movie is moving. proud 骄傲的，自豪的 Im proud of Liu Xiang. taste v:尝，品尝；n:味道 The food tastes evry good. mad 发疯的，生气的 The boy went mad. express 表达，表示 The guesture expressesYes. peace 和平 we all like peace. thankful 感激的，感谢的 Tom is thankful with the help of Jane. 语法： invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb to 邀请某人去（某处） say hello to sb say goodbye to sb a ticket to/for 的票，入场券 ring up 打电话给 because of 因为 cheer up 使振奋起来 Whatfor=Why payfor 付钱 come into being 产生，诞生 end with 以结尾 seem to do sth 看起来，似乎 例句： You ook excited.你看起来很兴奋。 Look+形容词 We can spend the evening at my house.我们可以在我家度过晚上。 Spend sth (in) doing sth , Spend sth on sth. Why all the smiling faces? 为什么大家总是笑容满面？ I went to buy tickets,but there was none left.我想去买票，但是没有剩下的。 What a shame/pity! 多么可惜！ He cant get a ticket to/for The Sound of Music. 他得不到一张音乐之声的票。 I hope everything goes well. 我希望一切顺利。 The sound of Music is one of the must poopular American movies.音乐之声是美国最流行的影片之一。 one of the most+可数 Maria taught the children to sing lively songs and perform short,funry plays to cheer themselves up. 玛丽亚教孩子们唱的歌曲和表演生动总之，有趣的发挥了自己的欢呼。 The Titanic had a accident on the way to America. 泰坦尼克号在道路上发生了一场事故。 The mother was so worried that she looked for him everywhere. 这位母亲非常着急，以至于她到处找他。 Beijing Opera is our national opera with around 200 years history. 拥有两百多年历史的京剧是我们的国剧。 It come into being after 1790. 它形成于1790年。 How nice! 多好啊！ How+形容词 What a/an+形容词，What a/an+可数名词复数 The food tastes so delicious! 食物尝起来很可口。 I feel terrible. 我觉得很不舒服。 Guess what! 猜一猜看！ Say thanks to sb. 向某人表示感谢。 He has a fever. 他发烧了。 I hope he will ring me up. 我希望他能打电话给我。邮件处理：您%name%(%size%, %expiretime%)查看下载信息UNIT5 Topic2 单词： baddly adv:坏，恶劣地 She did badly in the Enlish exam. experience n:经历，经验 They may have unhappy feelings after some bad experience. suggestion n:建议 Can you give your suggestions to me? normal adj:正常的 It is normal to feel sad when something bad happens to us. stranger n:外地人 Im a stranger here. accept v:接受 My classmates dont accept me. carefully adv:仔细地 Helen is as carefully as Maria. clap v:拍手 Lets clap our hands. elder adj:年纪较大的 He has an elder brother. hit v:撞，击中 There is a car hitting a cat. though conj:虽然 Though I have much money,I am not happy. 短语： at ones age 在某人的年龄 You father began to work at your age. at the age of 在岁时 At the age of seven,he could swim. in ones twenties/thiries 在某人二十几岁/三十几岁 A man in his thirties. happen to do sth 碰巧干某事 I happened to meet her on my way home. whats more 更有甚者 Whats more,it seems that my cassmates dont accept me. fit in 被他人接受 Ill learn to fit in soon. even tough/if 即使 Ill help you,even though/if I dont sleep for a night. notany longer=no longer 不再 He doesnt live in Beijing any longer. cheer sb up 让 某人振作 Im sending this e-card to cheer you up. take it easy 别紧张 Take it easy and dont be too strict with yourself. get angry 变的生气 He gets angry because he lost his pen. feel upset 感到苦恼 She feels upset,because her son was ill. talk with sb 于某人交谈 Why not talk with other about it. take pat in 参加 Taking part in actinvities is good for you. deal with 解决 How to deal with them,do you know? in public 当众 Maria speaks in public,her face always turms red. calm down 平静 Calm down an relax. fall asleep 入睡 He is so boring,I almost fall asleep when hes talking to me. 语法： seem to do sth 似乎 He seems to know the secret. seem+adj 看来 Jane seems worried. be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 They were always very stict with their chaldren. be strict about/in sth Shes evry strict about things like homework. beworried about 对感到担心 She is so worried about her exam. fail to do sth 失败，未能（做到） Doctors failed to save the girls life. be/get used to (doing)sth 习惯于（做）某事 I am used to getting up early./He cant get used to the weather here. as+形容词/副词原级as+比较对象（表示两者在某一方面程度相同） I am as tall as my father. He runs as fast as Tom. not as/so+形容词/副词原级as+比较对象（表示某人或某物在某一方面不如另一个人或另一物） Jim doesnt study as/so hard as Helen. refuse to do sth 拒绝(做)某事 How could he refuse to do the work. refuse sb/sth 拒绝某人/某事 He refused my offer. thank you for doing sth 感谢做某事 Thank you for helping me. why dont you=why not+do 为什么不 Why dont you/not talk to someone when you feel sad? be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事 The girl is afraid of speaking in public.UNIT5 Topic3邮件处理：您%name%(%size%, %expiretime%)查看下载信息单词： 1.affect 影响 Many things can affect our feelings. 2.put on 表演，上映 3.get along/on with 与.相处 Your mother gets along well with her workmates. 4.especially 特别，尤其 Sometimes it makes me feel sad,especially when the full moon is hanging in the sky on Mid-autumn Festival. 5.try out 试，试验 We can try out different colors if we arent feeling our best. 6.noise 噪声 noisy 喧闹的 7.decision 决定 decide 下决心 词组： 1.feel nervous 感动紧张 It makes me feel nervous. 2.in turn 依次，轮流 They spoke in turn at the meeting. 3.in a good mood 心情良好 in a bad mood 心情糟糕 in good health 健康状况良好 4.play with. 和.玩耍，玩弄 5.on the/ones way(to) .在去.路上 On his way to school. 6.in high spirits 情绪高昂的，精力充沛的 in low spirits 情绪低落的 7.think over 仔细考虑，慎重考虑 He would like more time to think things over. 语法： 1.How long have you felt like this?=How long have you been like this? 你像这样已经多久了？ 2.cant 表否定猜测 He cant be at home. must 表肯定猜测 Maria must be at home because the light is on. 3.follow ones advice 采纳建议，此时的follow可用take替换 He refused to follow/take our advice. 4.take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 We take turns to clean the classroom. 5.Let sb.do sth 让/允许某人走某事 Lets make a plan. 6.get along/on 生活，进展，进行 How are you getting along/on? 7.try on 试穿，试戴 Try the shoes on before you buy them. 8.get back to sth 继续某事 Lets get back to the main point of the discussion. 9.a sense of. .的感觉 It will help you bring back a sence of happiness.UNIT6 Topic1邮件处理：您%name%(%size%, %expiretime%)查看下载信息词组： 1.spring field trip 春游 Were going a spring field trip. 2.go on a visit to . 去.参观，旅游 We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 3.make the decision 做决定 Lets make the decision together. 4.find out 了解 Cao chong wanted to find out the weight of the elephant. 5.decide on 决定 Im 18 now,i have right to decide my on future. 6.raise money 筹钱 It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 7. make a reservation 预定 I want to make a room reseruation. 8.work out 计算 Jane is helping Helen work out the lost of the trip. 9.come up with 赶上 You start fitst,walk on and Ill come up with you soon. 10.look farward to 期待 We are looking forward to your visit.11.hear form 收到.来信 I heard form Mike yesterday. 12.as soon as 一.就. As soon as he comes, Ill tell him. 13.places of interest 名胜古迹 We can visit some places of interest together. 14.the sea of clouds We saw the sunrese and the sea of on Mount Tai and visited Dai Temple in the daytime. 15.the whole night=all the night 整个晚上 It took us almost the whole night to get to Wanghai Stone.笔记 1.have sth to do. I have some exciting news to tell you. 2.plan decide to do sth He decidedplaned to stay and look after his mother. 3.主语+be+adj+to do sth. Its hard to say. 4.主语（物)+cost+钱. It costs $700. 主语（物)+take+人+时间+to do sth It took us the whole night to go to Beijing. 主语（人)+spend+时间+(in)doting sth He spent two hours in play basketball. 主语（人)+paid+钱+for+物 I paid $100 for shoes.动词不定式：1. I have some exciting news to tell you.(当定语）Its hard to say. (当定语） I want to make a room reservation. （当主语) The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers. （当宾语） Why dont we have a show to raise money?（当定语，当表语） Kangkang helped us (to) book the train tickets. （当宾语补足语）UNIT6 Topic2邮件处理：您%name%(%size%, %expiretime%)查看下载信息短语： 1.receive sth from sb 收到某人的东西 Ireceive the new bike from my parents. 这辆自行车是我父母给我的。 2.be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Im busy preparing for zhong kao these days. 这些天我忙于为中考做准备。 3.while/when 时间状语从句 I was doing homework while he was sleeping in class. 当他在课堂上睡觉时，我正在做作业。 We were talking loudly when Mr.liu came in. 当刘老师走进来时我们正在大声的说话。 4.make sure 确保弄清楚 Make sure all the windows are closed before you leave. 离开之前确保所以的窗户都关上了。 5.by the way 顺便问一下 By the way ,where is the shop?顺便问一下，商店在哪里? 6.two hours and a half=two and a half hours 两个半小时 It takes two hours and a half on foot to get there.=It takes two and a half hours walk to get there. 走路到那里需要两个半小时。 7.in/to/on in: Taiwan is in the southeast of china. 台湾在中国的东南部（在内部） to: Taiwan is to the east of Fujian. 台湾在福建的东部。（不接壤） on:Henan is on the nouth of Hubei. 河南在湖北的北部。（接壤） 8.be surprised at 对.感到惊奇 He is surprised at dragons. 他对龙感到惊奇。 9.be full of=be filled with 充满. This hold is filled with water. 这个坑里充满了水。 10.be satisfied with sb 对某人感到满意 My parents are satisfied with me. 我的父母对我感到满意。 11.cant help doing 忍不住做某事 I feel very bored,so I cant help talking in class. 我觉得很无聊，所以忍不住在课堂上讲话。 12.shout at 大喊大叫 You dont shout at me. 你不可以对我大喊大叫。 13.out of sight 看不见，在视野之外。 At last,we find he was out of sight. 最后，我们发现他已经不见了。 14.have fun doing sth 享受做某事，做某事很有趣。 We are having fun playing basketball. 我们正享受着打篮球 。15.ask sb for help 向某人寻找帮助。 If you have trouble,you can ask teachers for help. 如果你有困难，可以向老师寻求帮助。重点句型： 1.while you were enjoying you trip.I was busy preparing for my exams. 你在愉快的游戏时，我正忙于准备考试。 2.It would be great fun. 那会很有趣的。 3.Could you tell me something about the Ming Tombs? 你能告诉我一些关于十三陵的事吗？ 4.The Tombs spread over an area of 40km. 十三陵占地四十平方千米。 5.They surveyed the area to make sure their tombs faced south and had mountains at the back. 他们仔细勘察了整个区域，确保陵墓坐北朝南，而且背靠群山。 6.Its about two and a half hours by bike. 骑自行车大约需要两个半小时。 7.Maoling lies to the . of Tailing. 茂陵位于泰陵. 8.,they walked through the passage into Dingling and were surprised at the wonders. 他们穿过通道进入定陵，对这些奇观感到很惊奇 9.As they were exploring happing,the crowd of people become larger and larger. 当他们高兴的参观时，拥挤的人群越来越大。 10.Someone stepped on Darrens toes while the crowd was pushing him in all direction. 人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了达伦的脚。 11.When Darren finally pushed his way out,he noticed his firends were both out of sight. 最后当达伦注意这条路时，他发现他的朋友都不见了。 12.He didnt raise his head until someone called him. 直到有个人叫他时他才抬起头。 13.As soon as the three boys saw each other,they all jump up happily. 这三个男孩一看到对方，都高兴的跳起来。 14.Please e-mail me soon. 请尽快给我发邮件。 15.We couldnt help playing with them. 我们忍不住和他们玩了起来。 16.Im very satisfied with everything in china. 我对中国的每件事都感到很满意。17.In the old days,common people like us had to get off their horse and walk. 古时候，像我们这样的普通人不得不下马步行。UNIT7 Topic1一、单词 successful adj. 成功的，有成就的. try ones best 尽某人的最大努力例句：Lets try our best to make it successful.翻译：让我们尽最大的努力使它成功.imagine v. 想象例句：I imagine (that) a lot of people will come to the party.翻译：我想将会有很多人来到这个聚会.soup 汤 n. 汤 biscuits n. 饼干 pancake n. 薄煎饼例句：I think they need to cook soup/ make biscuits/ make pancakes.翻译：我想她们需要煮汤/做饼干/做薄煎饼.westem adj. 西方的,西部的例句：I think a lot of students will buy westem food.翻译：我想许多学生会买西方的食物.Indian adj. 印度人的 Russian adj. 俄国的例句：I plan to cook Indian curries./ Russian black bread.翻译：我计划做印度的咖喱食品/俄国的黑面包supply n. 日常用品 vn. 供给,供应例句：It has only o few school supplies.翻译：它只有一点点学校供给.二、重点词组 chat with sb. 与某人聊天.例句：Ill chat with Jane on the Internet to get more information about him.翻译：我会和简在网上聊天了解更多关于他的信息. have a sweet tooth. 爱吃甜食例句：I have a sweet tooth ,and I think a lot of students will bug western food such as American chocolate cookies and Greek cheese pies.翻译：我喜欢吃甜食,我认为许多学生会买像美国巧克力饼干,希腊奶油派这样的西方食物. later on 过后,以后例句：I will send you an e-mail later on.翻译：我过后会给你发邮件. hold on 等一等(别挂电话)例句：A：Hello！Extension six zero zero six, please. B: OK! Hold on, please.翻译：A：你好！请呼叫6006. B：好的，请等一等！ be pleased with 对感到满意、高兴例句：Im very pleased with what you are doing for us.翻译：你为我们做的一切我感到非常满意. come true 变成现实例句：Lets make his dream come true.翻译：让我们使他梦想成真.三、重点句型 I know that he is a Canadian athlete. 我知道他是一位加拿大运动员. 此举含有一个由that引导的宾语从句.并与从句是指充当宾语的句子.当陈述句充当宾语时,由that来引 导,that在口语或非正式文体中常省略.如：I believe we will win th