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. 关于 “like”的问句1) Why do you like?这是提问者问对方为什么喜欢某人或某物,直接寻求对方所说话的原因。-Why do you like the panda?你为什么喜欢熊猫?-Because it is very lovely.因为它很可爱。2) Do you like doing.?这是提问者问对方习惯上喜欢什么,意为“你喜欢。吗?”其中like doing指喜欢干某事,相当于enjoy doing。-Do you like working in China?你喜欢在中国工作吗?3) Do you like to do.?这是提问者问对方目前的一时爱好。其中like to do指现在想干某事,相当于want to do。表示某种愿望。Do you like to have a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶吗?4) How do you like?这是用来询问对方对某人或某物的看法,意为“你觉得。怎么样?”How do you like?相当于What do you think of? How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样?5) What do you like?这是用来询问对方一贯性的爱好,意为“你喜欢什么?”注意这一句式与What would you like?你想要什么?不同。Would like为一固定表达方式,用来询问对方当时的意向。-What do you like?你喜欢什么?-I like books.我喜欢书。-What would you like?你想要什么?-Id like some apples.我想要些苹果。6)Whats the weather like.?这句用来询问天气情况,意为“。天气情况怎么样?”此句可用Hows the weather like?替换。名词的单复数形式 在英语中,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词,凡是能一个一个或一件一件数的人或事物,其名词就是可数名词。可数名词可分为单数或复数两种形式,表示一个人或事物的名词用单数形式,表示两个或两个以上的人或事物的名词用复数形式。名词单数形式就是通常在课本单词表或词典中出现的形式。绝大多数复数形式是在单数名词后加-s或-es构成。 名词分可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有复数形式。可数名词复数的构成有如下规则: 一般加-s,如:deskdesks s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es,如:busbuses, watchwatches 以 f, fe结尾,改f, fe为v,再加-es,如:leafleaves 以“辅音字母y”结尾,改y为i,再加-es,如citycities 以“辅音字母o”结尾,加-es,如:tomato tomatoes 一般复合名词,只将主体名词变复数,如: boy studentboy students 以 man, woman开头和结尾的复合名词,规则不同:FrenchmanFrenchmen, woman teacherwomen teachers 不规则变化: footfeet, childchildren单、复数同形的情况:sheepsheep, ChineseChinese(中国人) 只有复数形式的情况: people, clothes, trouserswhat引导的问句1)问姓名:What is your name?你叫什么名字?2)问职业:Whats your father?你爸爸是做什么的?3)问事物:Whats that on the desk?桌子上是什么?4)问颜色:What color is the rainbow?彩虹是什么颜色的?5)问号码:Whats your phone number?你的电话号码是多少?)问尺码:What size would you like?你想要多大号的?)问地址:Whats your address?你的地址是什么?)问种类:What kind of animals do you like?你喜欢什么样的动物 “职业”的几种询问方式1) 询问某人现在从事何种职业a) What +do/does+某人+do?b) What+be+某人? What do you do?你是做什么工作的? Whats your brother? 你哥哥是干什么的?【注意】What+do/does+某人+do?句型有时还可以用来询问某人经常做什么事情。如,What do you do every evening?你每天晚上干什么?2)询问某人现在的工作地Where + do/does+主语+work?Where do you work?你在哪工作?I work in a factory.我在工厂工作。【注意】当想确认对方的职业时,可用“Are you+职业?”如,Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?Yes, I am.是的。3)询问某人将来的工作What do/does+某人+want to be?What do you want to be?你想要从事什么职业?I want to be a reporter.我想成为一名记者。【注意】动词后面加-er 或-r或-or,一般则变成从事这种动作的人,常见的形式有:write-writer,act-actor,run-runner.cook是兼类词,表示“厨师”,cooker为“炊具”。名词所有格英语中有些名词加“s”表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有如下规则:有生命的名词一般加“s”构成,以s结尾的复数名词加“”。无生命的名词一般用“所有物of所有者”。a map of Japan 一幅日本地图a door of the classroom 教室的门the name of the school 学校的名字the son of my friend 我朋友的儿子但请注意下列说法的不同含义:表时间、距离、国家、城镇、机构、团体、价格等的名词,可用以上两种方式构成所有格。并列的名词表各自所有,须在各词词尾分别加“s”;表共同所有,须在后一个名词词尾加“s”。Tom and Jacks car 汤姆和杰克的小汽车(两人合用)Toms and Jacks cars 汤姆和杰克的小汽车(两人各有一辆)。问路的句式小结:1)“特殊疑问句”类句型d) Excuse me. Where is the ,please?e) Excuse me. Which is the way to the,please?f) Excuse me. How can I get to the, please?2)“一般疑问句”类句型g) Could/Can you tell me how I can get to the?h) Could /Can you tell me the way to the?i) Could/Can you tell me how to get to the,please?j) Could /Can you tell me which is the way to the?k) Excuse me. Is this the right way to the?l) Excuse me. Do you know the way to the?一般过去时1) 一般过去式的构成:规则动词过去式的变化可速记为“直,去,双,改”四字诀。a) 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如,want-wantedb) 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ed,如,hope-hopedc) 重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如,stop-stoppedd) 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed.如,study-studied. 不规则动词变化,要逐一熟记。Be动词过去式有两种形式,主语是第一,三人称单数形式用was,其他人称用were.2) 一般过去时的形式a) Be动词过去式的句式。否定句是在was/were后面加not, was not=wasnt/were not=werent。一般疑问句是把was/were提前并放到句首,要求首字母要大写。b) 实义动词过去式的句式:肯定式:主语+动词故去式+其它。如,They had a good time yesterday.否定式:主语+did not+动词原形+其他。如,They didnt have a good time yesterday.一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didnt.如,Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes, they did. No, they didnt.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他?如,What time did you finish your homework?3) 一般过去时的用法:a) 主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。My father worked in Shanghai last year.b) 表示故去经常或反复发生的动作,常与 often,always等表示频度的时间状语连用。I often went to school on foot.c) 与when等连词引导的状语从句连用。 When he got home, he had a short rest.4)表示一般过去时的时间状语: a moment ago刚才 yesterday morning, last night, last week, the day before yesterday前天, just now刚才What引起的不同类型的疑问句1) What is this?这是什么?英语中,对某一物体提出询问时,常用this指代“这个东西”,用that指代“那个东西”。如,Whats this? Its a pen.【注意】what is可以缩写为whats, it is可以缩写为its.2) What is sb. like?某人是个什么样的人?此句型用来询问某个人的品质 。回答时,用描述人物品质特征的形容词。如,What is his wife like? She is warm-hearted.3) What does sb. look like?某人长得什么样?此句型用来询问某人的外貌特征。如,What does he look like? He has short hair.4) What day is today?今天星期几?如,What day is today? Today is Monday.5) What is the date today?今天是几号?如,What is the date today? Its May 1.6) What is sb.?某人是干什么的?此句型用来询问某人的职业。如,Whats your father? My father is a doctor.7) What is wrong with ?。怎么了?Whats wrong with you? I have a cold.现在进行时的主要结构 用来表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行的动作和用来表示当前的活动或现极端一直在进行着的动作。 在其句子中一般都会有两个词与时态有关:1)表示时间的状语2)动词的相应变化。如,Im reading a book now.在这个句子中,时间状语now,决定了时态为现在进行时,而动词am reading也体现了现在进行时。肯定句:主语+be+v.ing+否定句:主语+be+v.ing+疑问句:Be+主语+ving? 特殊疑问句+be+主语+ving?2.ving形式的构成1)直接在动词原形末尾加-ing,如play-playing2)以不发音字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing,如have-having3)以重读闭音节结尾的单词,结尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这个字母,再加-ing。如,begin-beginning注意:) 有些动词一般不用于现在进行时,如see,like,love, want,know等,而用一般现在时。如,Do you know him?你认识他吗?) 有些动词如come, go, arrive, leave, start, fly, drive,stay等表示位置转移的词,用现在进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作,如 We are going to Beijing on Friday.我们星期五要去北京。 “违反规矩“的现在进行时态1) 现在进行时比哦按时目前这一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。而说话时并不一定正在进行。如Is Tom working hard this term?汤姆这学期学习用功吗?They are working on the farm these days.这些日子他们在农场劳动。2) 表示往返或位置转移的动词,如come,go,leave, stay, start, arrive等构成的现在进行时,可表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作。这些动词还可以和表示将来的时间状语,如tomorrow, next week, next year等连用。They are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.明天他们要动身去北京。) 现在进行时与always, often等词相结合,也可表示习惯的,经常重复的动作。意思是“老是”,“总是”。此时常带有一定的感情色彩,如:埋怨,赞赏等。如Mary is always talking about her son.玛利总是谈论她的儿子。【注意】一些表示状态和意愿的动词,如be,like,want,know ,think,have等,不能用于现在进行时态中。如,I want to go home now.关于how 的用法1) How作“(指程度)多少”“(方法)怎样”“多么”讲,为副词。2) how 的感叹句的构成:How + 形容词+主语+be动词! How+副词+主语+谓语动词!3)how many 多少(对可数名词的数量提问,其后接名词复数) How many days are there in a year?4) how much 多少(钱)(对不可数名词的数量提问,其后接不可数名词) How much water is there in the cup? How much are these pants?5) how often多久(对表示频度副词的时间状语提问) How often do you go there? Once a month.6)how old多大岁数(对年龄提问)How old is your grandfather? He is sixty-five.7)how soon多久(用于将来时)How soon are you back? In a week.祈使句的用法a)相关口令祈使句无主语,主语you常省去;动词原形谓语当,句首加dont否定变;朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。b)表现形式肯定结构:1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way,please. 请这边走。2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。否定结构:1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。如:Dont forget me! 不要忘记我!Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到!2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。c) 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!英语不规则动词变化( BookI Book III)A B Chear heard heardlearn learnt learnthave/has had hadleave left leftlend lent lentlose lost lostmake made mademean meant meantsend sent sentspell spelt speltshoot shot shotsit sat satsmell smelt smeltspend spent spentspit spat spatstand stood stoodunderstand understood understoodhang hung hunghold held heldlight lit litmeet met metfind found foundfeed fed fedspit spat spatbear bore bornwin won wonbuild built builtbabysit babysat babysatflee fled fledlead led ledmislead misled misledbend bent bentbleed bled bledhold held heldsmell smelt smeltdig dug dugdeal dealt dealtA B Ceat ate eatenfall fell fallendo/does did donechoose chose chosenbreak broke brokenam/is was beenare were beenfly flew flownforbid forbade forbiddenforget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozenget got gottengo went gonehide hid hiddenlie lay lainmistake mistook mistakensee saw seenshake shook shakenspeak spoke spokensteal stole stolentake took takenwake woke wokenwear wore wornA A Bbeat beat beatenA B Arun ran runcome came comebecome became becomeA A AA Bcan couldmay mightwill wouldshall shouldA Amust must不规则中寻规则:a) 过去式与动词原形同形cost cost costput put putfit fit fitcut cut cutlet let lethurt hurt hurtset set setshut shut shutread read readhit hit hitb)原形以ow/aw结尾,过去式则变成ewgrow grew grownthrow threw thrownknow knew knowndraw drew drewshow showed shownc)将动词原形中的元音字母i改成a,变成过去式。swim swam swumsink sank sunkring rang runggive gave givendrink drank drunksing sang sungbegin began begun【特例】win won wond)过去式以ought或aught结尾think thought thoughtbring brought broughtbuy bought boughtfight fought foughtcatch caught caughtteach taught taught【注意】上述动词过去式的末尾是ought还是aught,只要记住“有a则a,无a则o”,即原形中有a的,则变为aught,否则为ought.e)将动词原形中的字母组合ee去掉一个,词尾加上t,变成过去式。feel felt feltsweep swept sweptsleep slept sleptkeep kept keptoversleep overslept oversleptf)将动词原形中的元音字母i改为o,变成过去式。drive drove drivenride rode riddenwrite wrote writtenrise rose risenshine shone shoneg)以ay结尾的动词,将ay变成aid变成过去式pay paid paidsay said saidlay laid laidh)以一个辅音字母+ell结尾的动词,将ell改成old变成过去式tell told toldSell sold sold.一般过去时的用法1)表示在过去某个时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如yesterday, last week, an hour ago, just now, in 1990等。2)表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。They played soccer and then went home.3)一般过去时动词的构成方法:a) 一般情况下,动词原形后直接加-ed。如,play-playedb) 以e结尾的动词,直接加-d。 如,decide-decidedc) 重读闭音节+单个辅音字母结尾的动词,双写该辅音字母,再加-ed。如,stop-stoppedd) 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed.如,study-studiede) 有些动词变化不规则要特殊记忆。上面以给出。4)一般过去时的句法功能a) 肯定句:主语+一般过去时动词+其他We had Sichuan food for dinner.b) 否定句:主语+didnt+动词原形+其他;主语+wasnt/werent+其他I didnt go to summer camp.The shops werent too crowded.c) 一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+其他?;Was/Were+主语+其他?Did they stay at home?Was the bus trip relaxing?d) 特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般过去式?Where did you go? Who was ill?look的用法1) look like看起来象,其中like 是介词。如,He looks like his father.2) look at看。如,Look at the blackboard.3) look the same看起来很像。如,Lucy and Lily look the same.4) look for寻找.如,They are looking for the lost child.5) look over(医生)检查The doctor is looking over the old woman.6) Look up抬头看;(在词典或参考书中)查找 Hes looking up at the picture.情态动词have to的用法have to侧重于客观上的必要,作 “必须” “不得不做某事”讲。和其他情态动词的区别在于她具有人称的变化。1) 肯定句:sb +have/has to+动词原形。主语为第三人称单数时用 has to,其他人称用have to.如,He has to work on Sunday.他不得不在周日工作。2)否定句:sb +dont/doesnt have to+动词原形。主语为第三人称单数时用doesnt have to,其他人称用dont have to.He doesnt have to leave now.3)Does/Do+sb+have to+动词原形?Yes,do/does. No, dont/doesnt.主语为第三人称单数时用does提问,其他人称用do提问.同义词辨析find, find out, look, look for, look atfind:找到。强调找的结果。find out:找出,查出。指经过一番努力达到目的。look:找,看。 强调动作的过程, 是不及物动词。look for:寻找。强调动作的过程,for后接名词或代词,表示寻找的对象。look at: 看。强调动作的过程,at后接名词或代词,表示看的对象there be 句型(1)there be 句型常用来表示某地/某时有某物/某人。(2)各种句型结构: 肯定句: Therebe (is/are) 某物/某人地点/时间。 否定句: Therebe(is/are)not某物/某人地点/时间。 一般疑问句: Be(Is/Are)there某物/某人地点/时间? 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 be(is/are)there其它? e.g. There is a pencil on the desk. 桌子上有一支铅笔。 否定句: There isnt a pencil on the desk. 桌子上没有铅笔。 一般疑问句: Is there a pencil on the desk? 桌子上有铅笔吗? 特殊疑问句(划线部分提问): Whats on the desk? 桌子上有什么?注意:There be后面所接的某物有多个时,谓语动词be要根据最靠近它的那个名词的单复数来确定,即就近原则。e.g. There is a pen, a pencil-box and some books on my desk. 我的桌子上有一支钢笔,一个铅笔盒和一些书。 There are some books, a pen and a pencil-box on my desk.
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