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个性化教学辅导教案学 科: 英语 任课教师: 授课时间: 姓名年级七性别男课题名词、代词专项讲解总课时_ 第 4 课教学目标1、掌握正确识别可数名词和不可数名词, 及其在特定语境中的征性和用法。2、正确使用可数名词的单复数形式,学会名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法。难点重点课堂教学过程课前检查作业完成情况:优 良 中 差 建议_过程名词专项讲解【中考名词考点聚焦】概念:表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词,叫做名词。关于名词,我们必须掌握名词的数和名词的格。词类中考考查要求名词1、正确识别可数名词和不可数名词;2、掌握可数名词复数形式的构成;3、正确判断某些常用名词在特定语境中的可数和不可数特征性;4、掌握名词所有格的基本形式及一般用法。【名词考察点分项说明】(一)名词的数1、可数名词1)可数名词的的复数形式 英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或事物用单数,表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。该词形变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。名词特征 变化规则 发 音 例词 一般单词 词尾+s 清辅音后 发s cups, desks, gates, 元音与浊辅音后发z hens, bags, days 以s, sh, ch, x结尾 词尾+es 发iz classes, watches, boxes 以o结尾 有生命的 词尾+es 发z tomatoes, heroes, potatoes 无生命的 词尾+s photos, radios, zoos, pianos 以辅音+y结尾 变y为i 加es 发iz stories, babies, cities 以元音+y结尾 词尾+s 发z boys, keys, days ,monkeys以f或fe结尾 变f或fe为v加es 发vz leaves, knives, lives 2)、有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,如: 变化 例词 元音发生变化 manmen, womanwomen, footfeettoothteeth, mousemice 词尾发生变化 childchildren 单、复数同形 sheepsheep, deerdeer, ChineseChinese, Japanese-Japanese fish-fish复合词中主要词变为复数 looker-onlookers-on 旁观者new-comernew-comers,grand-childgrand-children 复合词中无主体词在最后,加s grown-upgrown-ups,stand-bystand-bys 备用设备由man 或woman 构成的复合词前后两词皆变为复数 woman-teacherwomen-teachers, man-doctormen-doctors German(德国人)Germans policeman-policemen, Frenchman-Frenchmen如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词(a、e、i、o、u),则只须加s。 如:monkeymonkeysgrand 宏伟的;豪华的;极重要的3)、常以复数形式出现的名词:people(人),clothes(衣服),trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时,同学们应特别注意它们的谓语,用复数。如:My clothes are (be) newer than yours.4)、有些名词看似复数形式,实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的,应特别加以记忆。如:news(消息),maths (数学),physics(物理) No news is good news.可用how many,many,a few,few,a lot of,lots of,some,any等来修饰可数名词复数。 How many are there in your pencil-box?(knife) 2、不可数名词不可数名词通常是物质名词和集合名词。物质名词无法分为个体的事物,通常不能与不定冠词连用,自身不能表示具体的数量,如water, coffee, time, money, bread, work,等;抽象名词表示的是可感觉却触摸不到的性质、动作、状态、感情等抽象的概念,如kindness。1)、不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数。如:Some bread_over there.(be) 2) 常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。3)常见的不可数名词有:water,rice,fish,meat,等。应特别记medicine, news, work, homework, housework, money, chalk, weather, cotton, wood. 4). 常用a piece of,a cup of等来表示不可数名词的量。如要表达“两片面包”这样的意义,bread仍为不可数名词,不加s,而piece则可加s。即:two pieces of bread 请区别:可数名词也可用量来表示, 如:三箱苹果three boxes of apples 例: 1、These two pieces of bread _over there.(be) 2、Could I have three _,please? A.piece of bread B.piece of breads C.pieces of bread D.pieces of breads(二)名词的所有格名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系,意思为“的”。名词所有格的构成方法是:1、在名词后加“ s”。如:Lilys, Marys等。2、以-s或-es 结尾的复数名词只加“”, 如:Teachers Day , two weeks holiday,而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加s 。如:Childrens Day。3、表示一件东西为多人共有,只需在最后一个人的名字后加“s”。若表示各自所有,则需在每个名字后都加“s”,如:Lily and Lucys computer. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。(两人共有)lilys and Lucys computers. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。(并不共有)4)、名词所有格可以用来表示地点。 如:my uncles 我叔叔家。5)、表示无生命东西的名词所有格,一般以“of +名词”的结构来表示。如:如:the end of the year 岁末,the colour of the flower 花的颜色代 词【中考代词考点聚焦】概念:代词是为了避免重复而用来代替该词的词。英语是一种不喜欢重复的语言,当文中第二次提到同一个名词时,一般都要用相应的代词来代替。英语代词可分为八大类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、和连接代词八种。词类中考考查要求 代词1、掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法;2、掌握名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法;3、掌握反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法;4、掌握常见不定代词的一般用法;5、掌握指示代词的一般用法,并了解其在上下文中的指代用法;6、掌握疑问代词的基本用法。【代词考察点分项说明】(一)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词:(见下表)人称代词 主格 I you he she it we they you 宾格 me you him her it us them you 物主代词 形容词性 my your his her its our their your 名词性 mine yours his hers its ours theirs yours 反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves themselves yourselves 1、表示“我”、“你”“他(她、它)”、“我们”、“你们”、“他(她、它)们”的词,称为人称代词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化。其变化形式如下:单 数复 数主 格宾 格 主 格宾 格 第一人称 I我 me we我们 Us 第二人称 you你 you you你们 you 第三人称he他 him them she她 her it它 it 2、表示所有关系的代词叫作物主代词,也叫代词所有格。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语,相当于一个形容词;名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语,相当于一个名词。3、自身代词是表示“自己”的代词,也称为反身代词。其形式有:单数 复数 第一人称 myself我自己 ourselves我们自己 第二人称 yourself你自己 yourselves你们自己 第三人称 himself他自己, herself她自己, itself它自己 (二)、few, a few, little, a little的用法:含 义 语 气 修饰或代替的名词 few 很少几个 否定 复数可数名词 a few 有几个 肯定 复数可数名词 little 很少,不多 否定 不可数名词 a little 有一点 肯定 不可数名词 (三)、常见不定代词的一般用法:1、由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,如果有形容词修饰,该形容词必须后置。There is nothing wrong with the radio.这收音机没有毛病。 I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情告诉你。2、both / all / noneall的意思是“全体”,“所有”可代表或修饰三个以上的人或物;both指“两者都”; none “没有”表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of。3、every / eachevery单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性,作定语,形式上为单数。each “每一个” 强调个性,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用。4、both / either / neither both “(两者)都” ,作主语时,看作复数;作定语时,后跟名词复数。 either “两者中任何一个” ,作主语时,谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时,后跟名词单数。 neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义,用法同either。5. another / the other / the others/ others another +单数名词, “另一个” one the other “一个,另一个”the other +复数名词= the others “其他的人或物”(指确定范围内剩下的全部)others “别人”(四)指示代词的一般用法:表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等,指示意义的代词称为指示代词。指示代词有this, that, these, those, such, same等。1、This, that, these those的用法:This(these)常用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物, these是this的复数形式;that(those)常指在时间或空间上较远的事物,those是that的复数形式。2、such和same的用法:such常在句中作主语、定语和表语,表示“这样”。 same可用作主语、表语、宾语和定语,意为“同样的”,same前必须加定冠词the。Eg. I have never seen such a good place.我从未见过这么好的地方。I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他讲的那样的故事。We are in the same factory.我们在同一家工厂。Ill do the same as you.我将与你做同样的事情。(五)疑问代词的基本用法:疑问代词指 5个“wh”:who(谁), whose(谁的), whom(谁),what(什么),which哪个)1、who在句中通常用作主语和表语,whom作宾语。在口语中,常用who代替whom,但是若前面有介词,还是用whom.Who is the girl in red ? 那个穿红衣服的女孩是谁?Whom are you waiting for ?你们在等谁?With whom did they play basketball? 他们和谁一起打篮球?2、which常表示在一定范围之内的选择,what则没有这种限制,如:Which do you prefer, orange juice or coke ? 橘汁和可乐,你喜欢哪个?Which of them come from Canada ? 他们中谁来自加拿大?What do you like to do in your spare time ? 你在业余时间都做什么?随堂检测:1、The whit shirt is and blue one is . A、Kate, my B.Kates, mine C.Kate, mine D.Kates, my 2. Are these_(watch)yours? Yes. 3. You dont look well.Youd better go to the_(doctor) at once. 4. Would you give me_, please? A.two papers B.two piece of paper C.two pieces of paper D.two pieces of papers 5. There are three_and seven_in the picture. A.monkeys,sheeps B.monkeys,sheep C.monkies,sheep D.monkies,sheeps 6. A lot of_are talking with two_. A.Germans,Frenchmans B.Germen,Frenchmans C.German,Frenchmen D.Germans,Frenchmen 7. June 1 is _. A.the Childrens Day B.the Childrens Day C.Childrens Day D.Childrens Day课后作业:一、名词的单复数练习1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photosC. is a photo D. is photos2. This car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans4. Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river. A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room. A. teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers11. In Britain _ are all painted red. A. letter boxes B.letters boxes C. letter box D.letters box二、名词所有格练习( )1. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and Shelleys B. Julias and ShelleysC. Julia and Shelley D. Julias and Shelley( )2-Excuse me,where are _ offices? -Over thereA. teachers B. teachers C. the teachers D. the teachers ( )3Today is September 10th. Its_. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. Teachers day B. Teachers Day C. the Teachers day D. Teachers Day( )4Well have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two days B. two-day C. two-days D. two days( )5This is my dress. That one is _.A. Mary B. Marys C. shes D. his 三、英语代词专练1.You may come to my house _ this week_ next week.A .neither; or B .from ; to C .either ;or D. either; nor2.I dont think we can do it all_ .A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourself D .by yourselves3.I dont want this shirt. Please show me_A .others B .the others C .another D .the other4.I cant repair the model ship_ . Can you help_?A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself5.Does your brother often wash clothes_?A. he B .himself C. herself D .him6. We study Chinese, English , maths and some _ subjects.A .the other B. one C .other D .another7.I have two sisters . _ of them are doctors.A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither8.The book on the shelf is_.She wrote_ name on its cover .A .Hers ; her ;herself B. Her; hers; herself C. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself课堂检测听课及知识掌握情况反馈_。测试题(累计不超过20分钟)_道;成绩_;教学需:加快;保持;放慢;增加内容课后巩固作业_题; 巩固复习_ ; 预习布置_签字 学习管理师: 家长或学生签字:
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