机械专业英语报告.docx

Current situation and development trend of surface grinding machineModern industrial production, small and large parts for the production of products of the increasing proportion of parts complexity and precision requirements rapidly increase, the traditional general machine tools has become increasingly difficult to meet the requirements of modern production, and a high-precision CNC machine tools, high-efficiency, the use of a machine can complete complex type face processing characteristics, in particular the rapid development of computer technology and the widespread use of digital systems, digital devices from almost all major software functions to achieve, almost to a hardware, thereby making it more flexible processing, functional stronger. Manufacturing competition from lower labor costs early, product cost and improve their overall efficiency and quality of competition, to meet customer demands comprehensive, actively develop new products competitive, will face knowledge - technical - updated products has become shorter and shorter, an increasing number of small products, and the quality, performance requirements are higher, Meanwhile community to environmental protection, the growing awareness of green manufacturing. Therefore advanced manufacturing technology will be quickly won the competition and survival of the enterprise, the principal means of development. Computer information technology and manufacturing automation technology more closely integrated, flexible production automation as an important foundation for digital machine in the production of machine tools to share more. Horizontal grinder compared to the lathe, milling machine, using digital systems later, the special requirements because of its digital systems. In the past decade, with the technical facility, grinder, the grinding wheel for repair, automatic compensation, automatic exchange grinding wheel, and more workstations, such as automatic transmission and clamping working inoperable realized, and digital technology in the horizontal grinder, gradually spread. In recent Hanover, Tokyo, Chicago, and other large domestic machine tool exhibition, CNC grinder throughout the grinder, for the majority of the exhibits, such as Germany BLOHM company ELB companies such famous grinder factories no longer produce ordinary grinder Japanese Forces, Japan, the company also bulk production facility-wide functional . in the development of high-grade digital ping himself while actively developing, low digital ping himself. German production company a few years ago ELB brilliant series two coordinates facility shaped grinder, the vertical and horizontal axis for digital, vertical for hydraulic control, grinding wheel repair work platform installed in a roller diamonds, the application of broader; SUPER-BRILLIANT series is one-dimensional and shaped grinder Three coordinate facility, the beds are manufactured using natural granite, high geometric accuracy, slide away from straight rolling guide, driving without recoiling machinery, thus ensuring a better working surface smoothness; BRILLIANT-FUTURE series of improvements to the above two products, using artificial granite bed was produced by static pressure vertical guide, Belt transmission, vertical and horizontal guide for pre reinforced straight rolling guide, ball screw transmission, three-axis CNC control AC servo electrical, measuring 0.5 m 16ug image. ELB company has also developed the latest technology grinder contemporary products, and integration with computer and technology-based series of soft skills CAM-MASTER processing modules CAD-MASTER series and COMPACT-MASTER series grinding processing center, a maximum of up to 24 axis control axis, As the full implementation of modular design and manufacture of dedicated grinder cycle shortened ELB company has also developed a variety of highly efficient dedicated grinder, such as SFVG100/2 dedicated grinder, which will tilt grinding unit, continuous improvements, to ease into, ramps while grinding function with 11 root axis CNC control, as one finds processing center. British and American companies JONES&SHIPMAN A-B company developed A-B8600 CNC system for digital FORMAT5 type ping himself from the facility hydraulic control valves, driven vertical movement can be governor, to the use of horizontal and grinding unit into Ball screw deputy, Electrical DC servo-driven, intermittent style grinding wheel repair, CRT graphics simulation showed. Also be used with other types of digital systems to meet different user requirements.Apart from the world famous Siemens, Fanuc digital systems, such as professional development and production of the plant has been applied to many horizontal or shaped grinding system, a number of production plants Ping finds itself actively developed application in the digital grinder system. Notably : Siemens SINUMERIK 840D of the system, the system has more than 20 roots servo axis, the coordinates for the trip control, manual data entry or imported through external computer, remote diagnosis may reduce the grinding wheel diameter change itinerary, grinding wheel repair of automatic compensation Ball screw gap error compensation.Since the start of production digital horizontal grinder 1980s, the development of the manufacturers have developed separately, the development of cooperation with universities and research units direct to introduce mature digital systems development. For example : Hangzhou Machine Tool Plant is a history of 50 years of professional graphic grinder of factory production, which began production in the mid-1980s from digital ping himself, has developed a production MGK7132 straight axle rule Taiwan high-precision ping himself, MK7130 series ordinary digital ping himself, MLK7140 digital relief to shape himself into, MGK7120, MK7163, MK7150 straight axle rule Taiwan digital ping himself, MKY7760 vertical shaft digital double carry noodles himself, MKY7660, MKY7650/101 straight axle digital double carry noodles himself, and HZ-K1610,HZ-K2010,HZ-050 CNC,HZ-KD2010, HZ-K3015, HZ-K3020, such as dedicated digital Dragon Gate TypeHZ-K4020 horizontal grinder and guide. The development and application of digital systems, developed in cooperation with universities and scientific research units in the Single board computer system, but also for self-development to the mainframe Single chip microcomputer the simple control system, and the use of digital Host plant mature digital production system. Ping finds its production MGK7120 high-precision, the company introduced Japan Fanuc MATE-D purchased digital recording system to control grinding unit chin, chin to the smallest volume 0.1 16ug m, a complete automatic grinding cycle functions. MKY7650/101 carry noodles grinder is fully automatic digital double technical cooperation with the Italian company VIOTTO products using Siemens SIMATIC S5-115U programmable controller control CRT display, machine tools left, right grinding unit driven by the two axis DC servo electrical, machine tools capable of manual and automatic grinding cycle of adjustment options. Equipped with Italian Mar Bos E9-measurement systems, the first two measurements, a measurement grinding wheel, grinding wheel wear and tear of feedback to the control system, Abrasive Wheels compensation; Another measure after her first measurements grinding, and measurements of the control system into the servo compensation for electrical; Left and right grinding unit used for position measurement VIOTTO raster control, Having achieved a whole sets from the expected completion of the entire loop grinding and fully automatic processing. HZ-050CNC digital linear rolling guide dedicated grinder is the Shanghai Science and Technology for the production of key industrial projects in the third research and development project dedicated grinder. Both functional and shaped grinding flat grinding function, and it has adopted the U.S. company A-B 8400MP digital production system, a seven-root digital axis machine tools, X, Y, Z into three roots grinding unit to axle and U, V, W 3 root grinding wheel repair axle direct control by the system, Another Q for the horizontal grinding wheel horizontal axis into the (one-dimensional with grinding) through SLC programmable controller plus wife positioning module, the mainframe system I/O imported 8400MP control its position, with continuous improvements in the grinding, grinding wheel or gap-type grinding wheel to repair such automatic processing into compensation. HZ-KD2010 six-axle Doubleheadgrinder Dragon Gate digital graphic grinder, using FANUC-0MC digital systems, using four roots CNC axis control two separate horizontal and vertical into grinding unit to use a PMC peripheral grinding unit control of the grinding wheel axle repair vehicles lords-chin to the other roots PMC axis control Almighty grinding unit sub-degree rotation. Take full advantage of the system performance, reduce production costs and enhance the performance to price ratio of machine tools.平面磨床的现状与发展趋势现代工业生产中、小批量零件的生产占产品数量的比例越来越高,零件的复杂性和精度要求迅速提高,传统的普通机床已经越来越难以适应现代化生产的要求,而数控机床具有高精度、高效率、一机多用可以完成复杂型面加工的特点,特别是计算机技术的迅猛发展并广泛应用于数控系统中,数控装置的主要功能几乎全由软件来实现,硬件几乎能通用,从而使其更具加工柔性功能更加强大。制造业的竞争已从早期降低劳动力成本、产品成本,提高企业整体效率和质量的竞争,发展到全面满足顾客要求、积极开发新产品的竞争,将面临知识-技术-产品的更新周期越来越短,产品批量越来越小,而对质量、性能的要求更高,同时社会对环境保护、绿色制造的意识不断加强。因此敏捷先进的制造技术将成为企业赢得竞争和生存、发展的主要手段。计算机信息技术和制造自动化技术的结合越来越紧密,作为自动化柔性生产重要基础的数控机床在生产机床中所占比例将越来越多。平面磨床相对于车床、铣床等采用数控系统较晚，因为它对数控系统的特殊要求。近十几年来，借助CNC技术，磨床上砂轮的连续修整，自动补偿，自动交换砂轮，多工作台，自动传送和装夹工件等操作功能得以实现，数控技术在平面磨床上逐步普及。在近年汉诺威、东京、芝加哥、及国内等大型机床展览会上，CNC磨床在整个磨床展品中已占大多数，如德国BLOHM公司，ELB公司等著名磨床制造厂已经不再生产普通磨床，日本的冈本、日兴等公司也成批生产全功能CNC平磨在开发高档数控平磨的同时，积极发展中、低档数控平磨。 前几年德国ELB公司生产的BRILLIANT系列二坐标CNC成型磨床，其垂直和横向为数控轴，纵向为液压控制，砂轮修整采用安装在工作台上的金刚石滚轮，适用范围较广，SUPER-BRILLIANT系列是三坐标CNC平面和成型磨床，床身用天然花岗岩制成，几何精度极高，导轨用直线滚动导轨，机械驱动无反冲，从而保证工件有较好的表面光洁度，BRILLIANT-FUTURE为以上二个系列的改进产品，床身用人造花岗岩制作，纵向用静压导轨，齿形带传动，垂直和横向导轨为预加荷直线滚动导轨，滚珠丝杠传动，三轴CNC控制AC伺服电机，0.5m的测量分辨率。同时ELB公司开发了具有当代最新技术的磨床产品即以机电一体化和计算机技术为基础的CAM-MASTER系列柔性磨加工单元，CAD-MASTER系列和COMPACT-MASTER系列磨削加工中心，控制轴最多可达到24轴，另外由于全面推行模块化设计，使专用磨床制造周期缩短，ELB公司还开发了多种高效专用磨床，如SFVG100/2专用磨床，具有可倾斜磨头，连续修整，缓进给，斜切入磨削功能，用十一根CNC控制轴，如同一台磨加工中心。英国JONES&SHIPMAN公司与美国A-B公司开发了A-B8600数控系统用于FORMAT5型数控平磨，由CNC控制液压阀，驱动纵向可调速运动，横向与磨头进给用滚珠丝杠副，直流伺服电机驱动，间断式砂轮修整，CRT图形模拟显示。同时还可以配用其他型号的数控系统，以满足不同用户的要求。世界上除有名的SIEMENS、FANUC等数控系统专业厂已经开发生产了许多适用于平面或成型磨削的系统外,一些平磨生产厂本身也积极开发了适用于其磨床的数控系统。主要有: 西门子公司的SINUMERIK 840D 系统,该系统具有二十多根伺服轴,坐标连续行程控制,手动数据输入或通过外部计算机输入,远程诊断,可随砂轮直径减小而变化行程,砂轮修整量自动补偿,滚珠丝杠间隙误差补偿等。我国从80年代开始生产数控平面磨床,各开发厂家分别走过了自行研制,与大学及科研单位合作开发至直接引进成熟数控系统的发展道路。例如,杭州机床厂是一家具有五十年历史,专业生产平面磨床的制造厂,它从80年代中期开始生产数控平磨,先后开发生产了MGK7132卧轴矩台高精度平磨,MK7130系列普通数控平磨,MLK7140数控缓进给成型磨,MGK7120、MK7163、MK7150卧轴矩台数控平磨,MKY7760立轴数控双端面磨,MKY7660、MKY7650/101卧轴数控双端面磨,以及HZ-K1610,HZ-K2010,HZ-050 CNC,HZ-KD2010、HZ-K3015、HZ-K3020、HZ-K4020等专用数控龙门式平面与导轨磨床。数控系统的开发应用,有与大专院校及科研单位合作研制的单板机系统,也有自行开发的以单片机为主机的简易控制系统,及采用数控主机厂生产的成熟数控系统等。其生产的MGK7120高精度平磨,采用了日本FANUC公司的POWER MATE-D双轴数控系统,控制磨头进给,最小进给量0.1m具有自动完成磨削循环功能。 MKY7650/101全自动数控双端面磨床是与意大利VIOTTO公司技术合作产品,采用西门子SIMATIC S5-115U可编程控制器控制,CRT显示,机床的左、右磨头由二轴直流伺服电机驱动,机床能进行手动调整和自动磨削循环选择。配有意大利马尔波斯E9型测量系统,二个测量头,一个测量砂轮,将砂轮磨损量反馈给控制系统,进行砂轮补偿,另一个测量头测量磨削后的工件,并将测量结果输入控制系统,由伺服电机进行补偿进给,左、右磨头用VIOTTO光栅作位置测量控制,实现了整机从工件上料到磨削完毕的全闭环和全自动加工。 HZ-050CNC数控直线滚动导轨专用磨床,是为上海市科技结合生产重点工业项目第三次科技攻关项目而开发的专用磨床。既具有平面磨削功能又有成型磨削功能,它采用了美国A-B公司生产的8400MP数控系统,机床有7根数控轴,X、Y、Z三根磨头进给轴和U、V、W三根砂轮修整轴由系统直接控制,另一轴Q为卧式砂轮横向进给,磨削平面用,通过SLC可编程控制器加IMC定位模块,由系统I/O口输入8400MP主机,控制其位置,具有在磨削中连续修整砂轮或间隙式砂轮修整补偿进给等自动加工能力。 HZ-KD2010六轴数控龙门式双磨头平面磨床,采用FANUC-0MC数控系统,用四根CNC轴分别控制两个磨头的横向和垂直进给,用一根PMC轴控制周边磨头的砂轮修整器金刚笔进给,另一根PMC轴控制万能磨头的分度旋转。充分利用了系统性能,降低生产成本,提高了机床的性价比。