高中英语重点词汇.doc

高中英语重点词语辨析900例一、动词1accuse / chargeaccuse 和charge都有“指责，控告”之意，有时可通用，但结构不一样。accuse不一定针对重大过失或罪行，其结构为accuse sb of sth。而charge一般用于重大过失或罪行，其结构为charge sb with sth，此结构还有“使某人负有责任”之意。例如：例1：My father accused me of my being too careless. （父亲责备我太粗心。）例2：He accused me of neglecting my duty. （他指控我玩忽职守。）例3：He charged me with neglecting my duty. （同上）例4：Jimmy was charged with murder. （吉米被控谋杀。）例5：He was charged with an important task. （他担负有一项重要任务。）2add / add to / add up / add up toadd：增加，把加上。addto：把加到。例如：例6：At the end of the party, we added another program.例7：You neednt add any water to the medicine.add to：增添。指增添喜悦、悲伤、麻烦等。例如：例8：His coming added to our trouble. （他的到来给我们添了麻烦。）add up：加起来。例如：例9：Have you added up all the numbers?add up to：总计。表示加起来的结果，无被动结构。例如：例10：All the numbers added up to 100.3advise / suggestadvise：建议，劝说。例如：例11：I advised (his) trying again. (= suggest)例12：I advised that we (should) try again. (= suggest，虚拟语气。)例13：I advised him to give up smoking. 例14：I advised him not to smoke. 例15：Could you advise us on how to learn English? 例16：Could you give us some advice on how to learn English?suggest：建议，表明，暗示。例如：例17：We suggest having a meeting at once. (= advise) 例18：We suggest that a meeting (should) be held at once. (= advise，虚拟语气。）例19：His pale face suggests that he is in poor health. （他那苍白的脸色表明他身体欠佳。） 4agree with / agree to / agree on agree with：同意，赞成（后接“人”或what从句作宾语）；适合，适应；一致。例如： 例20：I dont quite agree with you.例21：Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.例22：The weather here doesnt agree with most of us. （这里的天气我们多数人不适应。）例23：Your words do not agree with your actions. （你的言行不一。）agree to：同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如：例24：John cant agree to Joes idea.agree on：对达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如：例25：Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.5allow / permit / let / promiseallow：允许，许可。指听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。例如：例26：Who allowed you to leave the camp？例27：Smoking is not allowed here. 例28：Please allow me to introduce myself to you. permit：允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。例如：例29：He declared that he would permit me to do so. allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。 let：允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如：例30：Dont let this happen again. 例31：This is not allowed to happen again. （不说：This is not let to happen again.）promise：答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如：例32：They promised an immediate reply.例33：He promised to start at once. 例34：I promised him to see to the matter right away. (我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。)6announce / declareannounce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如：例35：The government announced that the danger was past. 例36：It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing. 另外，要表达“向某人宣布某事”，应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say，explain等。例如：例37：He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”（他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”）declare：宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。例如：例38：The chairman declared the exhibition open. （主席宣布展览会开幕。） 7answer / replyanswer：回答，回应。例如：例39：“Tom!” No one answered.例40：Please answer the door-bell. （请去开门。）例41：He answered that he knew nothing about it例42：No one was able to answer him a wordreply：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后需接to再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what从句，或用于倒装句。例如：例43：He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”例44：He replied that he would not go例45：Not a word did she reply（她一句话也不应。）answer当名词用时，与reply一样，要接to。例如：例46：He made no answer / reply to his questions.8appear / look / seem appear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。例如：例47：This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.（这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。）seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。例如：例48：You seem to have made the same mistake again this time. （你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。）例49：It seems that it is going to rain soon.look：好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如： 例50：Whats wrong with you? You look pale.例51：It looks like rain. （看来要下雨了。）9argue / quarrelargue：辩论，争论。指提出理由或论据以支持或反驳某种意见或主张，着重说理。如：例52：What are you arguing about？ 例53：I argued with him the whole day. quarrel：争论，争吵，吵架。例如：例54：Its unwise to quarrel with your boss about that. （为那件事同你老板争吵是不明智的。）10arrive / reach / get arrive，reach和get都有“到达”的意思。arrive通常与介词at或in连用，它和reach是比较正式的用语；reach是及物动词；get通常与介词to连用，在口语中常用。arrive和get后接副词（如here, there, home等）时，不用介词。reach和arrive at还有“达成（协议），作出（决定）”的意思。例如：例55：When we arrived at the station, the train had left.例56：At five, they arrived in Beijing.例57：The letter didnt reach me until yesterday.例58：At what time did you get to the post office? 例59：The two sides failed to reach / arrive at an agreement after several hours discussion.（几个小时的讨论后，双方还是没能达成一致意见。）11ask / inquire / question ask：问（ask sb sth或ask sth of sb）；请求（ask sb to do sth）；要，索取（ask for sth）。例如：例60：May I ask you some questions? 例61：Why did he ask you to come again? 例62：Did he ask for anything?inquire：问，询问。它与ask同义，但是比较正式的用语；与into连用时，表示“查究，调查”的意思。例如：例63：I have inquired of him whether he could help me. （我已经问过他能否帮我。） 例64：We must inquire into the matter. （look into，我们必须调查此事。） question：提问，质问，审问，怀疑。例如：例65：At first the girls read a chapter from their books, and then the teacher began to question them.例66：I question whether he was once questioned by the police.（我怀疑他是否曾被警方审问过。）12be about to do sth / be to do sthbe about to do：即将，正要做。不加任何时间短语。例如：例67：We were about to start when suddenly it began to rain.be to do：计划，约定；应该。例如：例68：We are to start tomorrow. 例69：What is to be done next？（下一步做什么？）13be careful of / be careful withbe careful of：小心，当心，留神，注意。例如：例70：The public were warned to be careful of rats. （公众被警告要当心老鼠。）be careful with：细心，注意。指细心地处理或对付某人或某事。例如：例71：Youd better be careful with your work / pronunciation. （你得注意你的工作/发音。）14be familiar with / be familiar tobe familiar with：对熟悉。例如：例72：Most of us are familiar with the pop star.例73：John was very familiar with this kind of situation.be familiar to：对来说是熟悉的；为所熟知。例如：例74：The pop star is familiar to most of us.例75：This kind of situation was all too familiar to John. (=very familiar)15be known for / be known as / be known to be known for：因而出名。例如：例76：Our town is known for its stones.be known as：作为而出名。例如：例77：The town is known as a stone town.be known to：被知晓，了解。例如：例78：The hot spring city is known to every one of them.16be made of ( from / out of ) / be made into / be made up / be made up ofbe made of：由制成。用于由产品可以看出原材料。例如：例79：The desk is made of wood.be made from：由制成。用于由产品看不出原材料。例如：例80：Paper is made from wood. be made out of：由制成。例如：例81：The desk / Paper is made out of wood. be made into：制成。例如： 例82：Wood can be made into desks / paper.be made up：由编成。例如：例83：Dont believe him; the whole story was made up. （别信他的，整个过程都是捏造的。）be made up of (=consist of)：由组成。例如： 例84：This desk is made up of / consists of twelve pieces of wood.17be tired of / be tired from / be tired out be / get tired of：对厌倦。例如：例85：I am really tired of your words! （你的话我听腻了！）be tired from：因疲倦。例如： 例86：I was so tired from climbing the hill that I fell asleep the moment my head touched the pillow. （我爬山太累了，所以头一碰枕头/一躺下就睡着了。）be tired out：筋疲力尽。相当于be worn out。例如： 例87：We were tired out when we climbed over the high mountain. 18believe / believe in / depend on believe：相信（指信某人的言语）；认为（相当于be sure）。例如：例88：Dont believe him; hes lying. （别听他的，他在说谎。）例89：I believe theyll succeed in the end.believe in：信任（指胜任某人）；信仰（指信仰真理、主张、宗教等）。例如：例90：Dont believe in him; hes always lying. （不可信任他，他老说谎。）例91：I believe what she said, but I dont believe in her. （我相信她所说的，但我不信任她。）例92：We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves.（我们得工作，最重要的是我们得信任自己。）例93：Most of them believe in God.depend on：信任（相当于believe in或trust）；依靠（相当于live on）；取决于。例如：例94：He is a man to depend on / believe in / trust. （他是个可信任的人。）例95：Do you still depend on / live on your parents? （你还靠父母吗？）例96：Everything depends on the weather tomorrow. （一切取决于明天的天气。）19borrow / lend borrow：借，借用。指借入，不带双宾语。结构：borrow sth from sb。例如：例97：Can I borrow your pen?例98：He borrows money from me frequently.lend：把借给。指借出，可带双宾。结构：lend sb sth =lend sth to sb。例如： 例99：Could you lend me your pen?例100：Will you lend your bike to me？20bring / take / fetch / get / carry bring：带来。例如：例101：Bring the book here tomorrow.take：拿走。例如：例102：Dont take the magazines out of the reading-room.fetch：去拿来。例如：例103：Go downstairs and fetch me some water.get：去拿来。与fetch同义，但较口语化。例如：例104：She got him a good doctor. （她为他请来了一位好医生。）carry：携带。指随身携带，如捧、抱、扛、运等。例如：例105：He carried a bag of rice on his shoulder.例106：He often carries a pocket dictionary when he goes out.（他出门时经常带着一本袖珍词典。）21build / put up / set up build：建设，建筑。常用于建造房屋、桥梁、道路等，也用于建设国家、城市等。如：例107：A new bridge was built in this village last month.例108：We are building a socialist country.put up：建设，搭建。侧重于搭盖临时性的建筑物；在现代英语中，可与build通用。还有“张贴，挂起，举起”等意思。例如：例109：They had to put up the tents before dark.例110：If you have any questions, please put up (=raise) your hands.例111：Why not put up a notice on the wall there?set up：建设，创建。常用于创立组织、机构、团体、学校、工厂、公司等。例如：例112：Another night school was set up. （又一所夜校建起来了。）例113：They set up a committee to look into the matter. (他们成立了委员会来调查这件事。)22care / mind care：关切，忧虑，在乎。care about：在乎，关心。care for：喜欢，照顾。例如：例114：He failed in the exam, but he doesnt seem to care (about it).（他没能通过考试，但他似乎一点也不在乎。）例115：Tom doesnt care what they say.例116：He cares about nothing but money. （他只在乎钱。）例117：Would you care for another drink? （想再来一杯饮料吗？）例118：The children are being well cared for (=looked after).Mind：当心，注意（用于肯定句）；介意，反对（用于疑问句或否定句）。例如：例119：Mind your own business.例120：Would you mind my/me turning on the radio? （介意我打开收音机吗？）23catch / catch up withcatch：赶上。尤指赶车。例如：例121：He got up early in order to catch the first bus.catch up with：赶上。指经过努力赶上同类水平，与keep up with同义。例如：例122：We must double our efforts to catch / keep up with the developed countries.（我们必须加倍努力以赶上发达国家。）24catch / seize / hold / catch hold ofcatch：抓住，捉住；赶上（车）。常指从空中抓住某物，或指捕捉等。如：例123：He caught the ball and shot the basket. （他抓住球，投篮。）例124：We caught lots of fish today. 例125：I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.seize：抓住（指用力猛抓）；捉拿，逮捕。例如：例126：Its a pity that I didnt seize the chance.例127：Immediately the thief was seized and sent to the police station.hold：握住，手持，抱着。例如：例128：She was holding an umbrella.例129：At that moment I held him by the arm. （就在这一刻我抓住了他的手臂。）catch hold of：抓住，抓牢。指抓住某物不放手，相当于get hold of。例如：例130：Be sure to catch hold of the rope.25catch fire / be on fire / cause fire / set fire to sth / set sth on firecatch fire：着火（指自然着火，无被动结构）。be on fire：着火（指状态）。cause fire：起火（引起火灾）。set fire to sth / set sth on fire：放火，纵火（指人为的）。例如：例131：The store caught fire at 5:00 this morning, and it was on fire for nearly half an hour. Nobody knows what caused the fire or who set it on fire / set fire to it. （商店早上点着火，烧了近半个小时，没人知道是什么引起这场火灾或是谁放了这把火。）26collect / gather gather：收集，聚集；采摘。指把零散的东西集中到一起。宾语通常可以是人，也可以是物。例如：例132：She is gathering wild flowers in the field.例133：Please gather the students for me.例134：He wants to gather money for a motorbike. （他想攒钱买一辆摩托车。）collect：收集，集合。指精心地、有选择地收集；作为该意思时，其宾语只能是物。例如：例135：Are you fond of collecting stamps?例136：They are collecting money for the kids in those poor areas.（他们正在为贫困地区的孩子们集资。）注意：作为不及物动词时，两者可以互用。例如：例137：Well gather / collect at the gate of the school at 8:00 a.m. tomorrow.27compare with / compare tocompare with：把和相比。例如： 例138：Can you compare this word with that one?compare to：比喻为，把比作；把和相比。例如：例139：Young people are usually compared to the rising sun. （年轻人常被比作初升的太阳。）例140：Dont compare your toys to / with others all the time.（别老是把你的玩具和别人的比。）compared to / with：比起来，与相比。过去分词短语作状语，介词用to / with均可。例如：例141：Compared to / with other people, you were indeed very fortunate.（比起其他人，你算够幸运的了。）28contain / includecontain：包含（全部），容纳。include：包括（部分）。例如：例142：Senior Book One contains twelve units, including two (units) chosen from the old textbook.例143：This atlas contains forty maps, including three of Great Britain.（这地图集含有四十幅地图，包括英国地图三幅在内。）例144：How much does this bottle contain? （这瓶能装多少？）29cost / spend / pay / buy / charge / sellcost：花费，付出代价。通常以事物作主语，即sth+ cost + (sb) + 金钱、时间、劳力或其他代价。例如：例145：The book cost me $10.例146：Careless driving cost him his life. （粗心驾驶使他付出了生命的代价。）spend：花费。主语是人，可以指花金钱，也可以指花时间。spend的用法：sb + spend +时间+ (in) + v-ing / sb + spend +金钱 (时间) + on sth。例如：例147：I spent $10 on the book. 例148：I spent two hours (in) finishing the composition. 比较：例149：It took me two hours to finish the composition.pay：付款。例如：例150：I paid $10 for the book.buy：买。例如：例151：I bought the book for $10. charge：收费。例如：例152：They charged me $10 for the book. （买这本书，他们收我十美元。）sell：卖。例如：例153：They sold me the book for $10.30cure / treat / heal cure：治愈（疾病），后常接介词of。例如：例154：The new medicine cured (him of) his heart trouble. （这种新药治愈了他的心脏病。）treat：治疗。强调用药物或医疗手段进行医治的过程，并不表示治疗的结果。后常接介词for。另外还有“对待”的意思，后常接as。例如：例155：It was difficult to treat patients (for their diseases) because of a shortage of medicine.（由于缺少药物，所以很难给病人治疗。）例156：He treats the orphan as his own son. （他把那个孤儿当作自己的亲生儿子看待。）heal：治愈（外伤）。例如：例157：It took three months for my arm to heal properly.31die of / die fromdie of：死于。常指由于疾病、饥饿、情感等原因而死亡。例如：例158：Many of them died of hunger during the voyage.例159：The old woman died of grief soon after her husbands death. die from：死于。常指除了疾病或情感以外的原因造成的死亡，及因某种具体疾病造成的死亡。例如：例160：In big cities during cold winter months, many old people die from the polluted air. 例161：It is said that he died from / of heart attack.32discover / invent / create discover：发现(它的对象原来就存在)。invent：发明(被发明的东西原来不存在)。create：创造。例如：例162：It is well known that Madame Curie discovered the element radium.例163：As is known to all, Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. 例164：As we know, Shakespeare created quite a number of wonderful characters in his plays.33disturb / interrupt / troubledisturb：打扰，扰乱（使无法正常进行）。例如：例165：The loud noise disturbed his thought.interrupt：打扰；打断，中断。例如：例166：Sorry to interrupt you, but I have an urgent message.trouble：使麻烦（指心情上苦恼或行动上带来不便）。例如：例167：Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. （别自寻麻烦。）34dress / put on / wear / have on / be in dress：穿衣，穿着。可用作及物动词，“人”当宾语；可用作不及物动词；可用be dressed表示穿着状况。例如：例168：The baby isnt old enough to dress itself. （这孩子还小，无法自己穿衣服。）例169：He rose, dressed quickly and hurried to school.例170：She is well dressed today.例171：The girl was dressed in pink last night. （昨晚这女孩穿着一身粉红色的衣服。）例172：The girl dressed herself in pink last night.put on：穿上(衣服)，上演。表示动作。例如：例173：Better put on your coat; its cold outside.例174：A new play will be put on at the Grand Theatre.wear：穿着，佩戴。表示状态，包括穿着衣物、佩戴首饰以及留头发、胡须等。例如：例175：Can you recognize the woman wearing sunglasses over there?（你能认出那边那个戴太阳镜的妇女吗？）例176：I dont understand why he wears long hair now.have on：穿。表示状态，穿着衣物，不用于进行时态；也意为“有事；有约会”。如：例177：The foolish emperor had nothing on that day.不说：Were having on school clothes today.例178：Sorry, I cant help you this weekend. Ive too much on already. （对不起，这周末我不能帮你，我有很多事。）be in：穿。表示状态，其后常接表示颜色或服装、眼镜的词作宾语。例如：例179：The boy in white is one of my classmates.例180：He is in uniform today. （他今天穿着制服。）35employ / hire / rent employ：雇用。较正式用语，指较长期雇用，宾语一般是人。例如：例181：Karl was employed by a car rental agency. （卡尔受雇于一家汽车出租公司。）hire：雇用，租用。较普通用语，指短期雇用、租用。例如：例182：The store-keeper hired 10 girls for the Christmas rush.（为应对圣诞节前的购物热，店主雇用了十个女孩来帮忙。）例183：During the holiday they hired a boat and went fishing.rent：出租。指长时间租用、出租房屋、场地等。例如：例184：She has rented the house to a young couple. （她已把这房子出租给一对年轻夫妇。）36fall / drop fall：下落，下降；重伤死亡或倒下（用作不及物动词）。drop：滴落，掉下；疲劳倒下（用作不及物动词或及物动词）。例如：例185：He suddenly fell / dropped to the ground.例186：The price of oil has fallen / dropped by $ 2 each barrel. （油价每桶下降了两美元。）例187：Hundreds of soldiers fell in this battle. （数以百计的士兵在这次战斗中牺牲。）例188：He dropped in the chair the moment he got home. （他一到家就累倒在椅子上。）37feed on / feed withfeed on：靠为生。相当于live on。例如：例189：Sheep feed mainly on grass. （绵羊主要吃草。）feed with：喂养。指喂养的具体动作。例如：例190：He is now feeding his sheep with grass. （他在用草喂羊。）38fight against ( with) / fight forfight against：与战斗, 反对的战争，可与fight with互用；但fight with还可表示“和并肩作战”。例如：例191：They are making great efforts to fight against / with pollution.例192：In World War II, the British fought with the French and the Americans against the Germans.（在第二次世界大战中，英国人同法国人、美国人一起与德国人交战。）fight for：为（争取）而战斗。例如： 例193：The slaves were fighting for freedom.例194：He said he would fight for his motherland.39find / find out / look for find：发现（无意识地）；找到（有意识地，是look for的结果）。例如：例195：When I got there, I found my pocket picked. （当我到那里时，发现口袋被扒了。）例196：Scientists have found new ways to clean waste. （科学家已找到清理废物的新途径。）find out：查明，查出。指经过探听、询问、调查之后查明、弄清。例如：例197：Please find out who broke the window. （请查清楚是谁打破窗户的。）look for：寻找。例如：例198：I have been looking for my pocket dictionary, but I havent found it yet.（我一直在找我的袖珍词典，但是还没找到。）40forget / leave / remainforget：忘了（带某物）。例如：例199：Oh no, Ive forgotten my key to the office.leave：把（某物 / 某人）忘 / 留在某地（后面要跟地点）。例如：例200：Oh no, Ive left my key at the office.例201：Dont leave your child alone at home.remain：（某人）留下来；仍然（保持）。例如：例202：The refugees were allowed to remain in that area. （允许难民留在那个地区。）例203：The boy remained silent.41go out / be out / put outgo out：熄灭（自然熄灭，无被动结构）。be out：熄灭（表示状态）。put out：扑灭。例如：例204：The light went out suddenly, and it has been out for quite a long time.例205：The big forest fire was put out at last.例206：Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to go out.（没人注意到小偷溜进了房子里，因为当时灯刚好熄灭。）例207：When the firefights arrived, the fire had gone out / been put out.（消防队员到达时，火已经熄灭/被扑灭。）42happen / occur / take place / come abouthappen：发生。带有偶然、未能预见的意思，主语为事；当针对人时，意为“碰巧”。例如：例208：This happened on a December evening.例209：What happened to him？例210：I happened to meet Tom in the street when I went shopping today.例211：It happened that I met Tom in the street when I went shopping today.occur：发生（既表示偶然地，也表示必然地）；被想到。例如：例212：When did the accident occur?例213：The tide occurs this time every year. （潮水每年这个时候出现。）例214：A fresh idea suddenly occurred to me. （我突然有个新主意。）take place：发生。指事先布置或策划好而后发生。例如： 例215：The May 4th Movement took place in 1919.come about：产生。指自然产生。例如：例216：How do the differences between British English and American English come about?43hear / listen hear：听见；听说。它既可以表示偶然听见，也可以表示有意识听的结果；用作“听说”的意思时，后接宾语从句。listen：听，倾听。它是不及物动词，常与to连用；侧重听的过程。例如：例217：I was walking along the street when I heard my name called. （此处是无意识听到）例218：I hear (that) hell be back in an hour. （此处是听说）例219：He listened but could hear nothing. （此处是有意识听的结果）例220：Speak louder so that everyone can hear you clearly.例221：Speak louder to make yourself heard. （讲大声点，以便能使你的声音让别人听到。）例222：The music is well worth listening to.44hear of / hear from hear of：听说（人或事）。其后常接名词或代词。例如：例223：Ive never heard of such a man.hear from：得到（某人的）音信，收到（某人的）来信。例如：例224：Have you heard from him recently? 例225：Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.45help / aid / assist help：帮助，帮忙。是普通用语，常用在日常谈话中。例如：例226：May I help you with your luggage? 例227：We helped him (to) mend his bicycle. aid：帮助，援助。是比较正式的用语。例如：例228：The flooded areas were aided by many countries. （灾区得到许多国家的援助。） assist：帮助，协助。是比较正式的用语，强调起协助作用；其名词assistant是“助手”的意思。例如：例229：She assisted me in the experiments. （她协助我做实验。） 46hope / wish / expect / long / desire hope：希望。常用词语，其后不能接不定式复合结构。例如：例230：I hope to visit China again.例231：I hope youll visit China again.不说：I hope you to visit China again.wish：盼望。常用于比较难于实现的愿望。例如：例232：I wish to visit China again!例233：I wish you to visit China again