初三英语上册(北师大版)Unit2Lifeinthefuture知识点总结.docx

初三英语上册（北师大版）Unit 2 Life in the future知识点总结一、重点词汇 hand 基本用法 1. n. 手 2. v.交给（过去式：handed 过去分词：handed 现在分词：handing 第三人称单数：hands） He handed me a key last night. 昨晚他交给我一把钥匙。知识拓展-相关短语 1. hand in 交来，交上去（给老师或上级） You are supposed to hand in your homework today. 你应该今天交作业。 2. hands up 举手，举起手来 Hands up, those who know the answer. 知道答案的请举手。 3. hand on 传递给另一个人 Please hand on the magazine to your friends. 请把这本杂志传给你的朋友看。 4. hand out 散发，分发 The teacher handed out the examination papers. 老师分发试卷。 5. at hand 在手边（随时可用） I always keep a dictionary (ready) at hand. 我经常把字典放在手边。 in the future 原文再现 In the future, we will travel in flying cars. 未来，我们乘坐会飞的汽车旅行。基本用法 in the future意为“在将来，在未来”，常与一般将来时连用。 What do you want to be in the future? 你以后想做什么？ stay 原文再现 However, some things will stay the same. 但是，有些事情是不变的。基本用法 1. 实义动词，意为：停留 I usually stay at home on weekends. 我通常周末呆在家。 2. 在本句话中 stay 为系动词，后面可接形容词、名词。 Nothing stays the same for long. 什么都不会一成不变。 The lecture is on how to stay healthy. 讲座的话题是如何保持健康。知识拓展-相关单词 类似的系动词：look, feel, taste, smell, seem, sound等。 They looked worried today. 他们今天看起来很着急。 The cakes taste good. 蛋糕尝起来很好吃。 She felt tired. 她感觉累了。 Her face turned red when she heard it. 当她听到这时，她的脸变红了。 Her voice sounded quite sweet. 她的声音听起来很甜。 be different from 原文再现 How will life be different from now? 生活将与现在有哪些不同呢？基本用法 be different from 表示：与不同。 The worker of today is different from the worker of yesterday.如今的工人和以往的不同了。知识拓展-反义词 be different from的反义词为：the same as，意为：与一样 Driving a boat is not the same as driving a car. 驾船和开车不是一回事。 press 基本用法 1. n. 压，压力，印刷 Hefeltthepressofmodernlife.他感觉到现代生活的压力。2. v. 压（过去式：pressed 过去分词：pressed现在分词：pressing 第三人称单数：presses） He pressed a button and the door closed.他按了一个按钮，然后门就关上了。 smell 原文再现 These web pages will the five senses: sight, tough, smell, taste, and hearing. 这些网页将有五种感觉：视觉，触觉，嗅觉，味觉，听觉。基本用法1. n.嗅觉The smell of the dog is very sensitive. 狗的嗅觉是很灵敏的。 2. vi./vt.嗅，闻到（过去式：smelt 过去分词： smelt 现在分词：smelling 第三人称单数：smells） I smelt something burning in the room. 我闻到屋里有东西在燃烧。 3. smell作为连系动词，后接形容词、名词等做表语。 The dish smells delicious. 菜闻起来很香。 increase 原文再现 Because of the changes in climate and increase in farming. 由于气候的改变和农作物的增长。基本用法1. n. 增长，增长量The miners are staying down for pay increase. 矿工们在井下静坐罢工，以要求增加工资。 2. vi./vt. 增加，增长（过去式：increased 过去分词：increased 现在分词：increasing 第三人称单数：increases） The number of population is increasing. 人口的数量正在增加。 如果表示“增长到”，用increase to，如果表示“增长了”，用increase by。 The population of the city has increased to 12 million. 该市人口已增长至1200万。 The number of overseas students has increased by 2,000 to 5,000. 海外留学生的数量增长了2000人，达到5000人。 知识拓展-反义词decrease n&v. 减少，下降 Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings. 去年他的收入减少了20%。 It is necessary to decrease the amount of coal used. 必须减缩用煤量。 produce 原文再现Some places will be drier and people will not be able to produce enough food. 一些地方将更干燥，人们不能生产足够的食物，基本用法 1. vt. 生产，制造（过去式：produced 过去分词produced 现在分词：producing 第三人称单数：produces） The factory produce a lot of mobile phone every year. 这个工厂每年生产许多手机。 2. n. 产品（为不可数名词） The produce is very fresh on the farm. 农场上的产品很新鲜。 demand 原文再现 The demand for water will create problems between countries and these problems may lead to war. 在两个国家之间对于水的需要将会创造问题，这些问题可能导致战争。基本用法 1. n. 要求，需求 This job makes a lot of demand on my time. 这项工作要我付出很多时间。 2. v. 请求，要求，需要 （过去式：demanded 过去分词：demanded 现在分词：demanding 第三人称单数：demands） The work demands patience.这工作需要耐心。She demanded that we let her in. 她要求我们让她进来。 create 原文再现The demand for water will create problems between countries and these problems may lead to war. 在两个国家之间对于水的需要将会创造问题，这些问题可能导致战争。基本用法 createvt.创造，创作（过去式：created 过去分词：created 现在分词：creating 三单：creates） He created a beautiful picture. 他创作了一幅美丽的图片。知识拓展-相关单词creativeadj.有创造力的 This job is useful and creative. 这项工作既有用又富有创造性。 creation n.制造，创造；创造物 The bathroom is entirely my own creation. 浴室完全是由我设计的。 decline 原文再现 By 2050, the population of the world will come to the highest point, probably around 8.5 billion people, and then it willstart to decline. 到2050年，世界人口将达到顶峰，可能为85亿人左右，然后开始下降。基本用法 1. n. 下降 There has been a sharp decline in profits this year.今年的利润大幅度下降。 2.v.下降，拒绝（过去式：declined 过去分词：declined 现在分词：declining 第三人称单数：declines） The number of staff has declined from 217,000 to 114,000.员工人数从 21.7万减少到了11.4万。He declined their invitation.他谢绝了他们的邀请。 final 基本用法finaladj. 最后的，最终的 There will be a final exam next week. 下周将有一个期末考试。知识拓展-相关单词finallyadv.最后，终于We waited till twelve and we finally got on the plane. 我们一直等到12点才终于上了飞机。 whether 基本用法 conj.是否，可引导如下从句 1. 引导宾语从句 I dont know whether she comes here. 我不知道她是否来这了。 2. 引导主语从句 Whether he is telling the truth is not known yet. 还不清楚他是否在说实话。 3. 引导表语从句 The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是值不值得做。 4. 引导同位语从句 The question whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher. 学生是否回答正确应该由老师决定。 check out 原文再现 This way, before you meet someone, you can check out his or her web page to learn about the person. 这样的话，去跟别人见面前，你就可以查看他的网页来了解这个人。基本用法 1. 检查，核查，核对 The reporter checked the story out. 记者将情况核实了一下。 Please check out these names and numbers. 请把这些姓名和号码检查一下。 2. （从旅馆等）结账离开 They checked out ten minutes ago. 他们十分钟前就结账走了。 enough 原文再现 In 2050, there wont be enough water for the worlds population. 到2050年，没有足够的水供地球上的人饮用。基本用法 1. adj. 足够的，充足的，放在所修饰词的前面 enough water /food/time/ money 足够的水、食物、时间、钱 2. adv.enough 足够地，充足地；十分地，修饰形容词、副词，后置 big enough 足够大 good enough 足够好 well enough 足够好 strong enough 足够壮 old enough 足够老 because of 原文再现 Because of the changes in climate and increase in farming, some places will be drier and people will not be able toproduce enough food. 由于天气变化和土地开垦增加，有些地区将更干旱，人们将不能生产足够的食物。基本用法 because of 意为：因为，由于，后接名词、代词等。 I came back because of the rain. 因为下雨， 所以我回来了。知识拓展-词义辨析 because/because of because of：跟名词或代词 because：跟从句 She didnt go to school yesterday because of illness. 她昨天因病没去上学。 She didnt go to school yesterday because she was ill. 她昨天没去上学，因为她病了。 lead to 原文再现 The demand for water will create problems between countries and these problems may lead to war. 在两个国家之间对于水的需要将会创造问题，这些问题可能导致战争。基本用法 lead to 通向、引起、导致， to 为介词，后接名词、代词等。 Too much work and too little rest will lead to illness. 工作太多，休息太少会导致疾病。 I know a short-cut leading to the parking lot.我知道一条通向停车场的近路。 success 原文再现 The success of the book encouraged him to write more stories such as 这本书的成功鼓励他写了更多的故事，例如基本用法 n. success 成功，the key to success 成功的钥匙。如： His new book was a great success. 他的新书获得了巨大的成功。知识拓展 相关单词 succeedvi.成功，succeed in sth. 指“在某事上取得成功”；succeed in doing sth.指“成功做某事”。 Did you succeed in persuading him to go with us? 你成功地说服他跟我们一起去了吗？ successfuladj.成功的 I wasnt successful, so they looked down on me. 我一无所成，所以他们瞧不起我。 successfullyadv.成功地 They performed successfully in the theater. 他们在剧场演出很成功。 反义词 failure n. 失败，不及格 He was being treated for kidney failure. 他因肾衰竭正在接受治疗。 prediction 原文再现 Vernes writing included many predictions for the 20thcentury and many of them came true. 威恩的作品包括很多二十世纪的预言，而且很多都实现了。基本用法predictionn.预言。如：We all believed in her prediction. 我们都相信她的预言。知识拓展-相关单词 predict v. 预言；预报；预知；预测。如：It is impossible to predict what will happen. 预知未来的事实不可能的。 as follows 原文再现 The basic plot of the novel is as follows 小说的基本情节如下基本用法 as follows 意为“如下”。如： He wrote as follows. 他所写如下。 huge 原文再现 they finally come to a huge sea in the middle of the earth. .他们将来到一个巨大的海，在地球的中心。基本用法huge adj.巨大的，极大的。如： Himalayas is very huge. 喜马拉雅山是非常巨大的。 middle 原文再现 they finally come to a huge sea in the middle of the earth. .他们将来到一个巨大的海，在地球的中心.基本用法 1. middle n. 中间，中部，in the middle of意为“在的中间”。如： The building is in the middle of the school. 那栋楼在学校的中间。 2. middle adj. 中间的，中部的。如： There are 300 students or so in this middle school. 这所中学大约有300个学生。 advise 原文再现 They advised him to leave. 他们建议他离开。基本用法advise vt.建议，劝告（过去式: advised 过去分词: advised 现在分词: advising 第三人称单数: advises） advise sb. to do sth.意为“建议某人做某事”，其否定形式为 advise sb. not to do sth. 意为 “建议某人不要做某事”。如： My mom advised me to run every day. 我的妈妈建议我每天跑步。知识拓展-相关单词advicen.建议。如： Please give me some advice. 请给我一些建议。 force 原文再现 The soldiers forced us to open the door. 士兵们强迫我们打开门。基本用法 1.force vt. 强制，强迫。（过去式: forced 过去分词: forced 现在分词: forcing 第三人称单数: forces） The man forced the boy to stand the whole day. 哪位男士强迫那个孩子站了一整天。 force sb to do sth意为：强迫某人做某事 Therobberforcehimtohand overthemoney. 强盗逼他把钱交出来。 2. force 力量。如： The force of army is powerful. 军队的力量是强大的。 housework 原文再现 Both Steve and Chris believe that robots will do all the housework in the future. 史蒂夫和克里斯都相信将来机器人会做所有的家务。基本用法housework n. 家务，do housework 意为“做家务”。如： I help my mom do housework. 我帮助妈妈做家务。 passage 原文再现 What is the main idea of this passage? 这一段的主要意义是什么？基本用法 1. passage n. 段；节。如： This passage may be given different interpretations. 这段文字可以有不同的解释。 2. passage n. 走廊；通过；通道。如： This is our room, and yours is down the passage. 这是我们的房间，你们的在走廊的那一头。 disease 原文再现 Nowadays，there are many different kinds of terrible diseases like cancer. 当今，有许多不同种类严重的疾病，像癌症。基本用法 n. disease 疾病。如： Cancer is a terrible disease. 癌症是一种严重的疾病。 cancer 原文再现 Nowadays, there are many different kinds of terrible diseases like cancer. 现在有很多不同的像癌症一样可怕的疾病。基本用法cancer n.癌；癌症。如： The patient finally died from cancer. 那位病人最终死于癌症。 destroy 原文再现 At present, many animals are in danger because people destroy their living places. 现在，很多动物都濒临灭亡，因为人们破坏了它们的生存环境。基本用法 destroy 破坏；毁坏（过去式：destroyed 过去分词：destroyed 现在分词：destroying 第三人称单数：destroys） If the tree falls that way, it will destroy the house. 这棵树向那边倒下就会把那所房子压坏。 normal 原文再现 I think we will have normal buses. 我认为我们将有正规的公交车。基本用法 normal adj. 正常的，正规的，标准的。如： My life became normal. 我的生活变得正常了。 Our company is very normal. 我们的公司很正规。二、重点句型 He doesnt live here any more. 他不再这里住了. 基本用法 not any more 意为：不再 He doesnt smoke any more. 他不再抽烟了。 知识拓展同义词 not any more =no more不再 She didnt cry any more =She no more cried. 她不再哭了。 词义辨析：notany more/no more/not any longer/no longer no longer=not any longer, “不再”强调时间和动作不再持续，常与状态动词和延续性动词连用， 如wait, stay, be等。但no longer与no more 一样通常放在“三类词（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）” 之后。行为动词之前。而not any longer与not any more 一样，其中的not与谓语动词构成否 定式，常放在“三类词”之后，any longer与any more 放在句末。如： Hes no longer living in this city. 他不住在这个城市了。 You are not a child any longer. 你已不再是个孩子了。 no more = notany more “不再”强调数量、次数上不再增加和强调动作终止的结果，因此，常与名词、 瞬间动词连用，如hear, see, leave等。如： Theres no more bread. 不再有面包了。 He didnt go there any more. 他再没去过那儿。 The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as 这本书的成功之处在于鼓励他写更多的故事，诸如 基本用法 1. encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。如： Her success encourages me to try the same thing. 她的成功鼓励我尝试做同样的事。 2. such as意为“例如；诸如”。如： We have different pies, such as apple, cherry and strawberry pies. 我们有不同的派，例如：苹果派，樱桃派和草莓派。 many people were interested in science and inventions. 很多人都对科学和发明感兴趣。 基本用法 be interested in意为“对感兴趣”。如： She is interested in playing guitar. 她对弹吉他感兴趣。 Icame to this citybecauseI aminterestedinthehistoryofit. 我来到这个城市因为我对这个城市的历史感兴趣。 Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result,they were very popular. 儒勒.凡尔纳在他的故事中以科学为主题，因此它们很受欢迎。基本用法as a result意为“结果是”，后面指事情的结果。 as a result of意为“作为的结果；由于”，后接名词或代词，相当于because of；后面指事情的原因。He got up very late today. As a result, he missed the first bus. 他今天起晚了，结果没赶上头班车。 He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪他迟到了。 He decides to try to follow the directions. 他决定试图按指示行事。 基本用法 1.decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事” He decided to go back to Beijing tomorrow. 他决定明天回北京。 Theyve decided to buy the house in the country. 他们已拿定主意购买乡下的那座房子。2. try to do sth. 意为“试图做某事”。如： Do not try to cover a mistake. 不要试图掩盖错误。 I agree. 我同意。 基本用法 当你对别人的意见或建议表示赞同时，可以用到这句话。其他的表示同意的句型还有： Exactly. 的确是。 Thats true. 那是对的。 Of course. 当然。 Youre right. 你是对的。 Yes, I think so, too. 是的，我也这么想。知识拓展-相关句型/结构 表示不同意的句型： I dont think so. 我不这么认为。 Im not sure about that. 对于那我不确定。 Of course not. 当然不是。 I think youre wrong. 我认为你不对。 This might happen soon. 这可能发生。 基本用法 此句表示推测，意为“可能”，类似的表示可能的句型还有： Maybe this will be possible in the future. 可能这将来会变成可能。 Its possible that 是可能的。 This may be possible sometime in the future. 也许这在将来时是有可能的。知识拓展-相关句型/结构 表示不可能的句型有： I dont think it will be possible. 我认为那是不可能的。 Its not likely that 是不可能的。 Come on. 来吧（赶快）。 基本用法 通常用于口语中，表示请求、鼓励、劝说等，意为“来吧；行啦”。如： Come on, sing us a song. 来吧，给我们唱首歌。知识拓展-相关短语 come词组 1. come across 不期而遇 Perhaps I shall come across him in France. 也许我会在法国遇见他。 2. come back 回来 Shedidntcomebackuntilverylatein theevening. 她直到晚上很晚才回来。 3. come in 进来 Firstofall ,don tcomeinherewithoutteacher. 首先，不许在没有老师的情况下进入这里。 4. come over 过来 When did you first come over to China?你是什么时候第一次来中国的? 5. come out 出来，长出，传出 The stars came out as soon as it was dark. 天一黑星星就出来了。 6. come from 来自某处，出生于 He comes from a very poor family. 他出身于一个贫穷家庭。 How is everything going? 过得怎么样？ 基本用法 可以用来询问人或事物近来如何，也可以用Is everything going well?来询问。如： How is everything going, Dandan? 丹丹，最近过得怎么样？ Very well. 很好。知识拓展-相关短语go词组 1. go back 回去 He went back for his coat. 他回来拿他的外衣。 2. go ahead 前进 You go ahead and tell him that Im coming. 你先行一步，告诉他我随后就到。 3. go away 离开，（症状）消失 Go away! I dont want to see you again! 走开!我再也不想看到你了! 4. go on 继续；向前；进行 Go on, Im listening. 说下去，我在听着。 5. go over 重温；翻；转为 They went over their lessons together at night. 他们晚上在一块复习课文。 6. go to school 去上学 Wegotoschoolevery day. 我们每天都去上学。 7. go to bed 上床睡觉 Hedid notgotobeduntilmidnight. 他直到半夜才上床睡觉。三、重点语法 there be 句型的一般将来时结构 基本用法 there be 句型常用来表示“某处存在某物”。 1. there be 句型的基本句式 肯定句：there be +主语+其他 There is an apple, a banana and some pears in the bag. 否定句：there be +not +主语+其他 There arent many people on the bus. 疑问句：be there +主语+其他 Are there any students on the playground? Yes, there are. /No, there arent. 2. there be 句型的时态 一般现在时：there +be （am, is, are）+主语+其他 There are eight students in the classroom. 一般过去时：there +was/were + 主语+其他 There was a group of young people working on the farm yesterday. 一般将来时：there +will + be +主语+其他 There will be a strong wind tomorrow. There will not be a strong wind tomorrow. Will there be a strong wind tomorrow？ Yes, there will. /No, there wont.一般将来时 用法1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。He will go toNew Yorknext year.2. 表示将要反复发生的动作或习惯性动作。We shall have two P.E. lessons per week this term.结构1. shall/ will + 动词原形，shall 用于第一人称。Ishall go toShanghaiafter graduation.They will go toShanghaiafter graduation.基本句式：肯定句：主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他Our teacher will have a meeting tomorrow.否定句：主语+shall/will not+动词原形+其他They wont go swimming this weekend.疑问句：shall/will +主语+动词原形+其他？Will Tom finish his homework on time?Yes, he will. /No, he wont.2. be going to +动词原形，be 随主语的变化而变化。It is going to rain.We are going to swim this weekend.基本句式：肯定句：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他I am going to buy a dictionary this afternoon.否定句：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他We are not going to stay here long.疑问句：Be + 主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他Is it going to rain tomorrow?Yes, it is. /No, it isnt.3. will/shall 和be going to 的区分： (1)will 表示说话人认为，希望或假定要发生的事，be going to 表示某事物有迹象要发生。I am sure that the Olympics inBeijingwill be very successful.Look at the clouds. It is going to rain. (2)will 表示意图时不指事先考虑的，be going to 指事先考虑的。Tomorrow we will have an exam, so I am going to review the lessons. (3)will 不能用于条件状语从句中，而be going to 可以。If you are going to join the party, please do better. 动词不定式（I） 定义 动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词。它在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用，可在句子中作主语、 宾语、定语、状语或宾语补足语。动词不定式的形式是“to+动词原形”。用法 动词不定式中用不用to，取决于谓语动词的用法。 1. 带to的不定式结构 (1) 能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有：advise, ask, allow, encourage, want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide,forget等。如： She likes to play the piano. They advise me to read the book again. The mother allows the boy to watch TV. (2) 动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not，即not to do sth.。如： Jim told me not to wake up Kate. 吉姆告诉我不要叫醒凯特。 2. 不带to的不定式结构 (1) 在固定词组had better之后，其否定形式为：had better do sth.。 (2) 在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后，要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 I didnt see you come in. (3) 在引导疑问词的why not之后。“Why not+不带to的不定式”是Why dont you do的省略，可以用来提 出建议或劝告。 Why not go with us? 为什么不和我们一起去呢？ 动词不定式（II） 用法 动词不定式在句子中充当的成分： 1. 作主语 To master a language is not an easy thing. 2. 作定语 I have a lot of homework to do today. 3. 作宾语 I find it useful to learn English well. 4. 作宾语补足语 (1) 作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。 He asked me to talk about English study. (2) 作使役动词let，have，make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式的 符号to要省略。 The teacher made him say the word like this. (3) 作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。 Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box? 5. 动词不定式作状语 动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中用作状语。 (1) 表示目的，可放在句首或句尾。 He stopped to have a rest. (2) 表示结果。 He hurried to the station, only to find that the bus had left. 他匆忙赶往车站，却发现车已经开走了。高考不提分，赔付1万元，关注快乐学kuailexue.com了解详情。