八年级英语完形填空解题技巧.doc

英语完形填空解题技巧一、完形填空的设计特点 完形填空一般有如下几个特点：（1）完形填空所选的文章比较多的是情节明了、层次分明、内容易懂的故事性或记叙性的文体，文中较少出现生词，这样有助于考生整体理解和思路畅通。完形填空所选文章一般较之同一份试卷中的阅读理解题所选的文章，其难度要略低一些。（2）完形填空的选文篇幅一般在170220单词之间；空缺处的密度一般是每515单词一空。（3）以意义填空为主，要求填入的词主要有： 语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。 固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。 同义词、近义词等易混淆词。 根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。可见，完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。（4）完形填空题的考查目的： 考查同学们阅读理解能力。考查同学们语法知识。 考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。二、完形填空的考查点 “完形填空”题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。重点考查词语搭配、词语辨析、逻辑推断、前后呼应等，有时兼顾一些讲英语国家的语言及生活习惯等。词语搭配包括习惯用语、动词、形容词、副词、介词、名词等的相互搭配；词语辨析包括近义词的辨析和易混词的辨析；逻辑推断包括根据上下文的信息判断和逻辑关系，如转折、递进、因果、条件、让步等关系，也包括根据上下文内容，选出一个意思与内容相符合的词或词语；前后呼应是指有些句子如果孤立地理解，可能有多个选择，并且意思都能成立，但把前后文结合或联系起来理解，就只能有一个选择。三、完形填空题的解题步骤及技巧 由于完形填空题的解题难度一般比单项填空和阅读理解要大，一般说来，做完形填空题时可按下列步骤： 1、浏览全文，理解大意。在着手答题之前从头到尾把文章浏览一遍，以便能了解文章的大概意思，使接下来的答题过程具有一定的针对性。 2、照顾上下文，作出正确的逻辑及词意的判断。在答题过程中，不要一遇到空白处就停下来做题，有些空白处是需要通读全句甚至全文后才能作出正确的选择的，因此，在答题过程中，要经常考虑上下文，并进行逻辑推断。 3、先易后难，利用已选出的正确答案来推断未知的答案。一些题目一下子不能马上找到答案，不妨先搁置一边，做上标记，待做完其他相对容易发现的答案的题目后再处理，因为这时，文章所提供的信息量比以前多了，也许这时找到答案的难度会小一些。 4、重新阅读全文，全面复查。将选好的答案一一对号入座，再把整篇文章通读一遍，看看在表达整个语篇的意思上有无唐突之处，内容是否连贯通顺，语法上有无不妥等等。四、提高完形填空题解题能力的训练要点 要想在完形填空上取得高分，平时要做以下方面的训练： 1、进行一定量的阅读训练以提高自己的英语语感和对文章的理解能力。 由于完形填空重点考查的是一个考生的阅读能力，因此，提高自己的阅读能力是提高在完形填空中的得分的关键。 阅读能力的提高是和你阅读的量成正比的。阅读的量越大，你的阅读能力就越强。因此，有计划、有步骤地进行一定量的阅读训练是相当重要的。在进行阅读训练时，除了检测自己在阅读中的理解情况之外，还要对阅读文章中所出现的重点词和词组进行认真的学习和研究。对于重要的句式句型等也要进行认真的研究、总结并作整理和记忆。同类句型在今后的做题中肯定会多次出现，如不作整理和记忆则无法产生较好的语感，对于英语句子所表达的意思的理解只能一直停留在模糊阶段，更谈不上阅读能力的快速提高，而阅读能力得不到提高就直接影响到完形填空的正确率。 2、加强词汇知识方面的训练，努力提高词汇的识记和理解能力。 有学生以为，提高自己的词汇知识无非就是要死记硬背词汇表，把每一个单词都熟记在心。其实，背诵词汇表只是词汇知识掌握的第一步，虽然这一步非常重要也是必不可少的。我们知道，一个单词或词组在具体的上下文中会有不同的意思，而许多这样的意思也许在你的词汇表上并没有标出。一个词甚至是一个非常普通的词，在一定的语言环境下说话者可能会赋予它特定的意思，从而达到某种语义效果。如果你缺乏一定的语汇训练，在一个不同的语言环境中，你硬是用你从词汇表上所背到的词义去理解，也许会永远不理解句子所要表达的真正含义。 要提高自己在词汇知识方面的能力，首先，在熟记每一单词的基本词义的同时，多记一些该单词的各种常见词义下的重要例句；其次，平时应多作一些记录和积累工作，把自己从阅读中所见到的一些所学单词的有用的表达法记录下来，并经常诵读；另外，不妨多学一些构词知识，如英语单词中的词性转换、前后缀、合成词等，这些知识也可以在一定程度上提高你的词汇知识。3、多进行完形填空的训练。 平时多做完形填空的训练可以有效地提高实战能力，以充分适应这种题型。每做完一篇完形填空，就需要认真核对答案，找出在做题中出错的原因，以便采取相应的措施，在今后做题时避免出现同样的错。如你发现在做题时经常犯词汇理解方面的错误，则你就应该认真记忆单词、词组；如你犯的是语篇理解方面的错误，则应当有意识地增加你的阅读量，以提高阅读理解的能力。 上述工作做完后，你最好不要就把这篇做好的完形填空随手扔了，不妨把整篇文章再默记一遍，并在文章中的空缺处填上核对后的正确的词（应该把这些词默写出来，而不是对着答案照抄），再把文章反复读几遍。这样做，对你做完形填空时产生一种良好的语感是很有好处的。 例1：We know that trees are useful in our everyday life. They 1 us many things，such as wood，oxygen，rubber，medicines and many other things. They can 2 tell us a lot about our climate(气候). The following are the reasons(理由).If you 3 a tree，you can see that it has many rings(年轮). Most trees grow one new ring 4 year. Because of this reason，we know 5 a tree is. A tree over a hundred years old means that it has more than a hundred 6 When the climate is dry or very cold，the trees do not grow very much and their rings are usually 7. When it is wet and warm，the rings are much thicker. If the rings are suddenly very thin or suddenly very thick，this means that the 8 changed suddenly. If we look at the rings on this tree，we can learn about the 9 for a hundred years. We can see 10 our climate is changing today.1. A. tell B. ask C. give D. get 2. A. not B. too C. to D. also 3. A. cut across B. climb up C. walk past D. look at 4. A. every B. many C. the first D. from 5. A. how big B. how long C. how old D. how much 6. A. trees B. leaves C. people D. rings 7. A. big B. thick C. small D. thin 8. A. climate B. trees C. rings D. animal 9. A. people B. things C. climate D. life 10. A. how B. why C. when D. while 例2：Greenland is the largest island in the world. It is in the 1 of Europe. Near Greenland is another island. It is small. Its 2 is Iceland. Do you think that Greenland is green and warm? Do you think that Iceland is white with ice? If you do, you are 3 . Not many people live on the big island of Greenland. There 4 more people in your hometown than in all of Greenland. That is because Greenland is not green. Greenland is 5 . Most of the island is covered with lots of ice. The ice covering Greenland is 6 than the worlds tallest building. What _7 Iceland? Is it colder than Greenland? No, it is not. Iceland has ice, but not so much ice 8 Greenland. It has a lot of hot springs(泉).They give out hot water and steam(水蒸汽).The climate(气候) is not as 9_ as Greenland. And there are a lot 10 people who live in Iceland.1. A. eastB. west C. northD. south2. A. villageB. name C. farmD. town3 .A. wrongB. clever C. rightD. bright4. A. must beB. are C. isD. be5. A. yellowB. brownC. blueD. white6. A. more higherB. highC. highestD. higher7. A. ofB. inC. aboutD. on8. A. asB. likeC. thanD. then9. A. warmB. coldC. notD. cool10. A. manyB. muchC. moreD. most例3：Joe wanted a computer. He asked his 1 for the money and they said he must get it himself. But how did he get it? He 2 about this when he walked home. Not many people wanted to ask children to work for them. Maybe he could take away snow for the neighbors (邻居). But this was not 3 . He had to wait a long time for that. He couldnt cut grass for their gardens 4 he had no tools (工具) to do the work with.Then he saw one of his classmates, Dick, delivering (送) 5 . I could do that, he thought. Maybe I could even get the computer 6 away. I could pay 7 it a little each week. He ran to 8 up with Dick. Joe asked him a lot of questions. He learned that it was 9 to get twenty-five dollars each week. He learned that the job (工作) took 10 three hours each night. Dick 11 him the phone number of the newspaper manager (经理).Joe almost flew home. After he had told his mother 12 he thought, she 13 .“I think it is a 14 idea,” she said, “Ill call the newspaper.”“Wait, Mum,” Joe said, “Ill call. After that, Im going to be a businessman now.”Joes mother smiled 15 .1. A. teachersB. parentsC. classmatesD. friends 2. A. saidB. toldC. thoughtD. spoke3. A. springB. summerC. autumnD. winter4. A. becauseB. whenC. whileD. after5. A. newspaperB. bikesC. computersD. tools6. A. nowB. rightC. justD. only7. A. onB. toC. ofD. for8. A. takeB. catchC. carryD. get9. A. friendlyB. kindC. possibleD. wrong10. A. atB. aboutC. beforeD. after11. A. taughtB. gaveC. madeD. asked12. A. thatB. whenC. whatD. where13. A. smiledB. shoutedC. criedD. worried14. A. bigB. largeC. greatD. bad15. A. sadlyB. happilyC. politelyD. angrily例4： These days it is found that school students hardly have any sports. Is it because they have no 1 in sports? It may not be true. They often say they have 2 more important things to do. What are these important things? Exams! They have to 3_ themselves ready for all kinds of exams and tests in school. So many of them almost 4 bookworms(书呆子). In the past in the summer holidays, they could do 5 they liked, but now they have to 6_ all their time preparing. So 7 have kept them away from going in for sports. Because of the pressure(压力) from 8 parents and teachers, they 9 to work harder and spend most of their time 10_ books. As for the students themselves, they dont want to 11 the lessons because they want to further their studies. So it is necessary to give _12 of their spare time to their studies and 13 up their school sports. Its true a good education cannot go without physical training, the _14 _ is true, a quick mind hardly goes along with a 15 body. Without a strong body, you can never do anything well, how can you make great success in life?1. A. interestsB. interestedC. interestingD. interest2. A. anotherB. otherC. muchD. some3. A. make B. haveC. getD. let4. A. turnB. growC. lookD. become5. A. anythingB. somethingC. everythingD. nothing6. A. giveB. spendC. takeD. cost7. A. teachersB. parentsC. studiesD. holidays8. A. hisB. onesC. theirD. others9. A. tryB. hopeC. haveD. enjoy10. A. inB. atC. toD. on11. A. missB. loseC. leaveD. fail12. A. fewB. anyC. allD. none13. A. giveB. takeC. putD. send14. A. thingB. sameC. wordD. kind15. A. strongB. heavyC. weakD. ill例5： Have you ever asked yourself why children go to school? You will probably _1_ they go to learn languages, geography, history, science and all _2_ subjects. That is quite _3_, but _4_ do they learn these things?We send our children to school to _5_ them for their future work and life. Nearly everything they study at school has some practical use _6_ their life, but is that the _7_ reason they go to school?There is _8_ in education than just learning facts. We go to school above all _9_ how to learn, so that when we have left school we can go on learning. If a man really knows _10_, he will always be successful, because whenever he has to do _11_ he will quickly teach himself how to do it in the best way. The uneducated person, on the other _12_, is _13_ unable to do it, or does it badly, so the pupils of school is not just _14_ languages, geography, science, etc, but to teach pupils the _15_ to learn.1. A. speakB. sayC. talkD. tell2. A. the B. otherC. the other D. other the3. A. trueB. realC. factD. wrong4. A. howB. whereC. whyD. what5. A. stopB. askC. readyD. prepare6. A. atB. inC. onD. with7. A. bestB. onlyC. justD. first8. A. manyB. muchC. moreD. most9. A. learnB. to learnC. learningD. learned10.A. how to learn B. why to learn C. how does he learn D. why does he learn11.A. anything new B. something new C. new anything D. new something12.A. wayB. wordC. footD. hand13.A. bothB. eitherC. neitherD. not14.A. learnB. to learnC. teachD. to teach15.A. subjectsB. reasonsC. wayD. knowledge例6：Do you know how to study _1_ and make your study more effective (有效的)?We all know that Chinese students usually study very hard for long_2_, This is very good ,but it doesnt_3_a lot ,for an effective student must have enough sleep ,enough food and enough rest and _4_. Every day you need to go out for a walk or visit some friends or some nice places. Its good for your_5_.When you return _6_your studies, your mind will be refreshed(清醒)and youll learn more_7_study better. Psychologists (心理学家)_8_ that learning takes place this way. Here take English learning _9_ an example. First you make a lot of progress and you feel happy. Then your language study seems _10_ the same. So you will think youre learning _11_ and you may give up. This can last for days or even weeks, yet you _12_ give up, and at some point your language study will again take another big _13_. Youll see that you really have been learning all along. If you get enough sleep, food, rest and exercise, studying, English can be very effective and _14_ . Dont give up along the way. Learn _15_ you are sure to get a good result(结果).1. A. well B. good C. better D. best2. A. days B. time C. hours D. weeks3. A. help B. give C. make D. take4. A. exercise B. homework C. running D. clothes5. A. healthB. body C. study D. life6. A. after B. for C. at D. to7. A. yet B. and C. or D. but 8. A. have found B. have taught C. told D. said9. A. with B. for C. as D. to10. A. to have B. to make C. to take D. to stay11. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything12. A. mustnt B. couldnt C. neednt D. may not13. A. work B. jump C. walk D. result14. A. hard B. common C. possible D. interesting15. A. slowlyB. fast C. quickly D. happily例7: There was once a millionaire who loved money than anything else in the world. He didnt know exactly how much he had, so he took on a little girl to _1_ all his money for him.It _2_ the little girl six days to count all the money. When she told the millionaire that he had forty-two _3_ dollars, he was _4_ with joy and asked, “ How much _5_ do you want?” He thought that _6_ she was only a child, he could _7_ her into taking a very small amount of money.The girl said, “well, I worked for six days, so I think you _8_ pay me for six days. Give me two pennies for the first day. Each day after that, just give me the amount you give me the day before, multiplied by itself.The _9_ thought that in this _10_ he would only have to give her a _11_ dollars. What a _12_ little girl! So immediately, he _13_ his lawyer sign up the contract, fearing that she would change her _14_ .On the first day the millionaire paid her two pennies, and on the second day, two pennies times two pennies, or four pennies.Each day after that, he gave her _15_ number of pennies he had given her the day before, multiplied by itself. And by the sixth day, the foolish millionaire had to give the clever little girl all his money.1. A. bringB. countC. sendD. hide2. A. hadB. neededC. gotD. took3. A. millionB. dozenC. thousandD. hundred4. A. prideB. wildC. surprisedD. moved5. A. dollarsB. numberC. timeD. pay6. A. as ifB. thoughC. ifD. because7. A. warnB. adviseC. cheatD. set8. A. could B. wouldC. shouldD. might9. A. girlB. millionaireC. twoD. people10. A. measureB. wayC. pointD. means11. A. fewB. littleC. lessD. much12. A. nice B. cleverC. fineD. foolish13. A. orderedB. askedC. hadD. persuaded14. A. mindB. heartC. wordD. plan15. A. goodB. greatC. aD. the例8：There is a holiday next week and I cant decide what to do. I have a lot of work to do _1_and this would be a good chance(机会) _2_.But I dont like_3_ the holiday in this way. I can work at home all the rest of the year. Last year I went _4_to the mountains. _5_ there was beautiful, but it is too cold this time of year. And its really_6_ far to go for a short holiday. I decide _7_ this isnt a good time to_8_the mountains. But I_9_to go somewhere else.Perhaps this would be a good chance to go to the beach(海滨). I like to go for walks _10_ the seashore_11_the warm sunshine and watch the water. Its only eight miles and I could get there_12_about two hours. After thinking it _13_, I am sure that this is a _14_ time for the seashore than _15_.1. A. at home B. at house C. in school D. in factory 2. A. do it B. doing that C. to do it D. with that3. A. to pass B. to spend C. having D. asking4. A. the north B. or north C. north D. to north5. A. Nothing B. Everything C. Somebody D.A girl 6. A. very B. enough C. rather D. too7. A. that B. what C. whether D. when8. A. go B. go to C. arrive D. leave9. A. do want B. shall want C. wanted D. am wanting10.A. onB. by C. beside D. along11.A. onB. during C. in D. under12.A. inB. for C. with D. after13.A. in B. out C. over D. on14.A. good B. fine C. better D. best15.A. home B. the mountains C. big cities D. country villages例9：:My family spent a few weeks in London last year. We went there in the autumn. We think it is the 1 season to visit England. The weather is usually quite good 2 there are not too many 3 in October.We stayed in a small 4 in the West End. We 5 most of our sightseeing on foot. We went to look at the places which all travelers would like to 6 . We went shopping and spent too much money 7 a lot of things. What we liked most was going to the 8 . We didnt have the chance to see such 9 plays at home. A lot of people say English 10 is very bad. We didnt think so. It is 11 that most of the restaurants are French, Italian, or Chinese, but Britain had some very 12 meals.In fact, we 13 our holiday so much that we have already decided to 14 there again this year. But we are going to take our umbrellas. Im sure well need them 15 . 1. A. busiestB. workingC. bestD. hottest2. A. andB. orC. asD. so3. A. playersB. travelersC. placesD. things4. A. stationB. hotelC. officeD. cinema5. A. missedB. showedC. usedD. did6. A. lookB. watchC. seeD. notice7. A. buyingB. buyC. boughtD. to buy8. A. shopsB. cinemasC. restaurantsD. theatres9. A. wellB. wonderfulC. terribleD. sad10. A. languageB. filmC. clothesD. food11. A. impossibleB. trueC. importantD. necessary12. A. deliciousB. poorC. freshD. expensive13. A. spent B. enjoyedC. paidD. finished14. A. liveB. eatC. goD. spend15. A. sometimeB. sometimesC. some timeD. some times例10：Have you ever seen the advertisement: Learn a foreign language in six weeks, 1 give your money back? Of course, it 2 happens quite like that. The only language 3 to learn is the mother language. And think 4 practice is needed for that. Before the Second World War people usually learned a foreign language 5 the literature(文学) of the country. Now most people want to 6 a foreign language. Every year millions of people start learning 7 . How do they do it? Some people try at home 8 books and tapes, others go to evening classes or watch TV programs. 9 they use the language only 2 or 3 times a week, learning it will 10 a long time, like language learning at school. A few people try to learn a language fast by studying for 6 or 11 hours a day. Its much easier to learn the language in the country where it 12 . But most people are 13 to do this, and many people dont have to do so. Machines and good books will be very 14 , but they can not do the students work. 15 the language is learned quickly or slowly, it is hard work. ( )1. A. soB. orC. andD. but( )2. A. cant B. impossibleC. neverD. often( )3. A. easily B. difficultC. able D. easy( )4. A. how muchB. how longC. how fastD. how many( )5. A. studiedB. to studyC. studyingD. study( )6. A. talkB. tellC. speakD. say( )7. A. themB. thisC. thatD. it( )8. A. withoutB. withC. in D. by( )9. A. If B. WhenC. Since D. Until( )10. A. spend B. useC. take D. cost( )11. A. some B. moreC. other D. less( )12. A. speaks B. is speakingC. spoke D. is spoken( )13. A. able B. possibleC. unable D. not possible( )14. A. careful B. forgetfulC. wonderful D. helpful( )15. A. either B. whetherC. whatD. how