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情态动词特殊用法大集合 张老师（内部资料）情态动词除了基本的用法以外还有许多特殊之处，最基本的用法读者可以结合自己的语法书籍来适当复习，这儿就不赘述，主要略列一些特殊用法，希望对各位英语爱好者有所帮助。一、can和could Can 和 could 可以表示某人或某物一时的特点，可以翻译为“有可能，有时会”。(可理解为理论上的可能性)It can be very warm in this area.这个地区有时可能非常暖和.He can be very friendly at times.他有时会非常友好。 can表示能力时（即有某种知识和技能而能办到），可以与be able to 换用。但是（1）在将来时和完成时中必须用be able to ；（2）表示经过努力而成功地办到了某个具体的事情时，只能用be able to ，不可以用can。 这种用法的be able to 相当于succeed in 或manage to do sth。（3）：can not 比 cannot 更强调.Can you type ？ Are you able to type ？ I am sure we shall be able to get you a jop soon.（不能用can）He has been able to finish the work on time.（不可用can）After years of hard work he was able to win the prize.（不可以用could）He couldnt climb the mountain.（没有能力爬，因而也没有爬）He was not able to climb the mountain.（尝试爬过，但是没能爬上去）另外：be able to 强调能力，通常表示一次性的事件，一般不表示经常性的事件。I was able to pass the examination.（I succeeded in passing the examination.）我能考试及格。（考试及格了）After studying that you will be able to solve these mathematics problems.学习完这个方法后，你能够解这些数学题了。在否定句结构中，be able to 指暂时的情况，而can可以指经常的情况。He is not able to swim today.他今天不能游泳。He cant swim at all.他根本不会游泳。I shall not be able to go to school tomorrow.我明天不能上学了。在表示“经过尝试或努力为能做到”的意思时，一般不用be able to。如对Were you able to find the pen？做否定回答应该用：No，I couldnt （find it）。不能说：No，I wasnt able to find it.could 可以用来表示过去习惯性动作的完成，而was able to 却没有这种用法。I could run after a bus and catch it twenty years ago ，I cant do that now.二十年前，我能在后面跑着追上公共汽车，现在不行了。cannot cant 与tooover（)enough perfectly sufficiently 等词连用，意思是“越越”“无论怎样 也不为过”、“决不会 够(过)”。You cant praise him too much.你无论怎样称赞他都不过分。You cannot be over careful.你越细心越好。I cant thank you enough.我对你感激不尽。This point cannot be overemphasized.这一点无论如何强调都不过分.注释：cant cannot too enough 等中的not ，也可以用never hardly scarcely 等代替。There can never be too much deception in war.兵不厌诈。We can hardly/scarcely pay too high a price for liberation.为了解放，我们无论付出多高的代价也不为过。cant / cannot too / enough 等后的附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式can，不用 cant。You cant praise him too much ，can you ？你无论怎样赞扬他都不为过，对吧 ?You cannot be too careful, can you? 你再小心也不为过，对吧？ “cannot wait 不定式 ”意思是“be eager to 急于做”，表示强调的肯定意思.I cannot wait to read the book。我非常渴望读这本书.He couldnt wait to see her。他渴望见到她.补1.cant helpstop doing sth.情不自禁地做某事。2.cannot help to do sth.不能帮忙做某事。3.do everything/all( that) one can to do sth.尽其所能去做某事，尽力做某事。注意：类似的表达还有sb. do what one can to do sth.；do/try ones best to do sth.。练习题：Please remind your grandpa to take medicine on time，for a man of his age_be very forgetful.Ashould B. must C. shall D. can You cannot be_careful when you drive a car.A. very B. so C. too D. enough The car broke down on the way, but we_get out of the desert at last.A. might B. would C. were able to D. could二、mustMust有一种含义：“偏要”“硬要”。表示说话人对句子主语所发出的动作或行为是不希望的、不满的甚至是生气的。通常指令人不愉快的事情。must用于第二人称时，常常含有讽刺挖苦的意思：Why must you be so stubborn （固执）？He must come and worry her with questions ，just when she was busy cooking the dinner. If you must smoke ，at least you could use an ashtray （烟灰缸）。As I was sitting down to lunch ，the electric bell must ring.Why must you be so late ？你为何非要这么晚来呢 ？练习题：Why _you always interrupt me ？ A. can B. will C. may D. must Naturally ，after I told her what to do ，my daughter _go and do the opposite ！ A. may B. can C. must D. should 另：have to 多表示习惯动作或客观条件索引出的义务；而must则用于表示一种重要或急迫的事情：We have to care for the young.（义务）She has to be at the office before 8 every day.（习惯）You must go to the manager at once ，or you ll be dismissed.（急迫的事情）通常have to 强调客观需求，表示因客观环境或事态促使而不得不作某事；must 强调主观看法，表示主观上认为有必要做谋事。I must learn another language.（主观想法：I want to ）I have to learn another language.（客观需求：身为一个外交官）（3）must 可以表示客观必然性，意思为“必然（会），总是会”，而have to 则不可以这样用。All men must die.人固有一死。Competition must happen.竞争总会发生。Truth must be out.真相总会大白.Winter must be followed by spring.冬天到了，春天还会远吗 ？There must be a day for revenge.总有报仇的那一天.对must 所在句子变反意疑问句时，应注意以下习惯搭配：must 作“必须”解时，反意疑问句中重复must.All the children must respect their parents ，mustnt they ？ 孩子必须尊敬父母，对吗？ must 作“有必要”解时，反意疑问句中用need.We must tell her the truth ，neednt we ？我们现在有必要告诉她实情，对吗？“must be ”表示推测时，反意疑问句用be 的适当形式.You must be thirsty ，arent you ？你一定渴了，是吗 ？“must have done ”表示推测时 ，附加疑问句一般用have 或 has ，但是有明确表示过去的时间壮语（before 除外）时，反意疑问句用过去时态。He must have finished the work ，hasnt he ？He must have gone abroad last week ，didnt he ？You must have been told about it that day ，werent you ？mustnt 表示“禁止，不允许”时，反意疑问句一般用may.The children mustnt play with fire，may they？也可以用must.We mustnt be late ，must / may ？我们不可以迟到，对吗？must 用于表示询问对方意向时，反意疑问句部分的动词可以与前面陈述句部分的动词不一致。 You must come tomorrow ，will you ？练习题：You mustnt tell it to your mother，_？Amust you Bdo you Cneed you Dwill you -The students must hand in their term papers in a week ，_？ -No，they _。Aneednt they ，mustnt Bmustnt they ，mustnt Cmustnt they ，neednt Dshouldnt they ，should 三、used to Used to的意思是“过去常常”，已经含有 always ，often ，sometimes ，from time to time等意思，但是它却可以和它们连用。He always used to / used always to come by bus. 他过去总是坐公共汽车来。He often used to work late at night.他过去经常工作到深夜。She always used to get up at four oclock in the morning.她过去总是早晨4点起床。但是used to 不可以与表示具体次数或一段时间(即特定的时间段)的词语连用。He went to abroad three times.He lived in the countryside for three years.但是可以和过去确定的时间状语连用。He used to live here in 1995。He used to be devoted to her when she was a little girl.In those days we used to live in the country.另：would 和used to 的区别如下：两者都可以表示过去的习惯性动作。但是would 只强调过去特定情况下的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示)，单纯的过去和现在无关；而used to 即可以强调过去的习惯性动作(由动态动词表示)，也可以强调过去的事实或状态(由静态东此表示)，且与现在形成对比，即可表示持续的状态，也可表示过去重复的行为。I used to have an old car.过去我有一辆旧轿车。I didnt use to like opera ，but now Im getting interested.我过去不喜欢歌剧，但现在逐渐有了兴趣。上面两句话的动词均是静态动词，说明过去的事实或状态，不能用would 代替used to.注：would 和used to一样，都不可用来表示发生的次数，也不能与表示一个特定的时间段的状语连用。He went to London three times when he was a child.他还是孩子时，去过伦敦三次。但是would可以和sometimes/now and then/from time to time 等词组（表示过去有时或偶尔的时间状语）连用。She would sit there for hours sometimes ,doing nothing at all.他有时一连坐好几个小时，什么事情也不干。练习题：When he was there, he_go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.A. would B. should C. had better D. might 四、shallShall可以用在第二、三人称，要重读，不可以缩写，表示说话人的意图、意志、允诺、命令、命运或必然结果等；在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。You shall have a lot of money. (意图/允诺)你会有很多钱的。Each citizen shall carry his identification card when travelling.(规定)旅游时每个市民务必带上身份证。You shall arrive there before sunset. (命令)你们要在日落前到达那儿。If you dont behave yourself, you shall be punished. (威胁)如果你行为不轨的话，你会受到惩罚的。The task shall be finished by Sunday. (允诺)任务会在星期天前完成的。He shall get what he deserves. (警告)他会得到他应该得到的。Death is certain to all; all shall die.(命运)死必临万物；万物皆必死。Better days shall soon follow. (预言)好日子不久会来到。The time shall come when they shall be avenged. (意志)为他们伸冤的时候会来的。Who touches pitch shall be defiled. (必然结果)玩火者必自焚。POWs shall not be ill-treated. (法律用语)战俘不得受虐待。The new regulation shall take effect on May the first. (规定)新章程自五月一日起实施。练习题：It has been announced that candidates_remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall Havent I told you already that you_have my answer tomorrow morning ? A. will B. shall C. should D. would Nobody_throw away rubbish everywhere! A. can B. need C. shall D. must 五. will 表示意愿或固执坚持（理解为人的意志、意愿、决心）。用于非人主语时，表示固有性质，倾向（理解为事物的功能）。She wont lend me the money.她不愿把钱借给我。He is the man who will go his own way.他是一个自行其事的人。The window wont open.窗子打不开。The door wont shut.门关不上了。在含有if从句的主从复合句中，如果if引导的条件状语从句表示的是一般将来时或过去将来时，不能用will或would ,而要用一般现在时或一般过去时来代替。If you dont come here , I will go to find you.但是will可以用在if从句中表示各种“愿望”，包括“请求，意愿，拒绝，同意，允许，能够，坚持，选择，计划”等。If you will come into the hall, the meeting will begin soon.（请求）请到大厅里来，会议马上开始了If you will make another try ,I shall do everything possible to help you. (意愿)如果你愿意再试一次的话，我愿近一切可能帮助你。If he wont go with you, I shall ask somebody else. (拒绝)如果他不肯同你一起去的话，我将另找人。If you will agree with me, I shall tell you everything about it. (同意)如果你同意我的观点，我将把一切都告诉你。If you will come late again, I shall let you in. (允诺)如果你答应不再迟到，我就让你进去。If anyone will find a cure to the disease, it will be a winder. (能够)如果有人能够治好这种病，那将是一个奇迹。If you will do it like that, you will fail.（坚持）坚持那样做，你就会失败。If you will buy bread, I shall buy beer. (选择)如果你买面包，我就买啤酒。If you wont lend money to him, please let me know. (计划)如果你不打算借钱给他，让我知道。（3）下面句子中的will表示“难免”。Accidents will happen.事故难免会发生。Boys will be boys.男孩子总是男孩子。（4）will可以用来表示某些根据自然规律必定会发生的事情，并且此时可以用一般现在时来代替它。（可理解为事物的自然倾向）Oil will float on water.油能在水上漂流。If the pure water is heated to 100 , it will boil(可以用boils).如果纯净的水加热至100，它就会沸腾。Stainless steel will not rust.不锈钢是不会生锈的。Matches will not strike if they are damp.火柴如果潮湿，就划不着。练习题：Only in summer_.will the ice melt B. the ice will melt C. the ice can melt D. the ice melts If you_wait a moment, Ill go to see if Mr.Johns is free.A. shall B. will C. would D. need 六. need作为情态动词时主要用在否定句和疑问句中，但是也可以用在有条件的肯定句中，这个条件是：肯定句中必须含有某些含某种否定含义的词语，例如only ,but ,all, before等或者说句子中暗含某种否定含义。One need only consider the facts.否定含义是：只需考虑这些事实，不必去做别的事。He need do it but once.否定含义是：他不必做两次以上。All he need do is state his opinion clearly.否定含义是：只要清楚地陈述自己的观点，他不必做任何事。练习题：To become a member of the civic association, one need only attend three meetings, and _ his fees regularly. A. pay B. to pay C. paying D. paiddidnt need to 和neednt have done 的区别：前者表示没有必要做实际上也没有做某事，后者表示做了不该做的事情。They didnt need to come here.他们不必来这儿（实际也没来）。They neednt have come here.他们本来不必来这儿（但是实际来了）They did not need to arrive so early.他们不必很早到达。She was too nervous to reply ,but fortunately she did not need to say nothing.她紧张的无法答话，但是幸运的是她什么也不需要说。You neednt have told them that.你本不必把这件事情告诉他们。练习题：You _such a long essay ,the teacher only asked for 300 words,and you have written 600 words.A. mustnt have written B. neednt have written C. didnt have to write D. didnt need to write You_all those calculations !We have a computer to do that sort of thing.A. mustnt have done B. must not have done C. shouldnt have done D. can not have done 七may / might well动词原形或may/ might as well动词原形May /might well动词原形意思为“理应，有足够的理由”=be very likely to do；may / might as well 动词原形 意思为“还不如，不妨，还是的好”=had better do sth ，表示某人应该做某事，因为没有更好的事、没有更有趣的 事或没有更有用处的事可以做。May as well 可能比might as well 更加肯定一点。 He may well be proud of his son.他大可以他的儿子为荣。 She may well say so.她说的对。（有足够的理由这样说） It is very late ,so you may / might as well go to bed.夜深了，不妨去睡吧.We may / might as well have something to eat.我们还不如吃点东西。 You may / might as well repeat the experiment.你还是把这个实验重做一遍为好。注：may / might (as) well 的否定式是may / might （as）wellnot.练习题：Since she is angry , we_her alone.A. had better leaving B. should leave C. might as well leave D. had rather leave 八. should 可以表示估计或推测上的应该，还可以翻译成可能，该，估计，按理应当等等。The report is written after careful investigation, so it should be reliable.这份报告是经过周密调查写成的，所以该是可靠的。So far so I know you shouldnt have any problems there.据我所知，你们在那儿不应该有什么麻烦。They should be there by now ,I think.我想他们现在该到那儿了。表示惊讶，不以为然等情绪，用于某些句型中，多译为竟然；经常用于疑问句和感叹句中表示意外，惊异等情绪，常和疑问词（why , how , whom，what）连用，而且疑问句不必回答。I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.我想非常糟糕，每个人都竟然如此悲伤。It seems unfair that this should happen to me.这种事情竟然发生在我的身上，好像不公平。You cant imagine that such a good student like him should fail in the exam.你无法想象像他这样如此好的学生竟然在考试中失败了。 Why should I fear? 我会害怕？（=I dont fear at all.）What should I see but misery? 所见皆是一片凄惨。(=I could see nothing but misery.)Should you be so silly? 你会这么傻吗？（=You are not so silly.）I was thinking of going to see John when who should appear but John himself.我还想着去看约翰，想不到约翰来啦。It is a marvel that she should have survived the disaster.她竟从那场灾难中幸存，真是个奇迹。I cant bear that he should speak ill of me.他竟说我的坏话，我难以忍受。I consider it a good joke that he should marry such a woman.他竟然同这样一个女子结婚，真是个笑话。That he should speak to you like that is quite astonishing.他竟然这样对你说话，实在让人吃惊。练习题：-When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They_be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 情态动词特殊用法巩固练习-May I go now? -No, you _. A. mustnt B. neednt C. mightnt D. wont 2. You _ do the exercise if you dont want to. A. may not B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt3. You _ pay more attention to your spelling next time. A. would B. should C. will D. shall4. The girl _ out alone at night. A. dare not go B. dare not to goC. dares not go D. does not dare go5. Bruce must have been in China for a long time,_? A. hasnt he B. mustnt he C. Isnt he D. wasnt he6. There _ be a lot of small houses on both sides of the street. A. used to B. get used toC. would D. did use to7. It must have snowed last night,_? A. isnt it B. havent he C. mustnt it D. didnt it8. If they _ to do this work, he might do it some other way. A. were B. should C. will D. can9. I was told yesterday that the company _ me to Rome next week for a business conference. A. should have sent B. were going to sendC. should be sending D. should send10. Lets take a walk, _? A. will we B. dont we C. do we D. shall we11. You must have seen him off yesterday, _? A. havent you B. didnt youC. mustnt you D. neednt you- That must be a mistake. - No.it _ be. A. cant B. isnt able to C. can D. was able to13. He had known the matter before you told him, so you _ have told it to him. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. shouldnt14. How _ so? A. dare you to say B. dare you sayC. do you dare say D. dare to say15. You are their teacher. You _ care of them. A. should to take B. might to take C. ought to take D. need to take16. She is studying medical science now but she _ a lawyer. A. used to be B. would be C. were D. had been17. If you were in an English-speaking country, you, too, _ English every day. A. will be used to speak B. will be used to speaking C. must be used to speakD. would be used to speaking18. I did not call to make my airline reservation (预订) but I _. A. should have B, may have C. must have D. shall have19. As a girl, she _ get up at six every day. A. would B. will C. might D. should20. Dont you remember that we _ to the cinema tonight? A. would go B. go C. are going D. will be gone21- Shall I tell John about it? - No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt22. -Would you mind if I open the window? -“_”. A. I dont like it B. Yes.pleaseC. No, please D. No. Im sorry23. -Would you tell me something about the affair? -“_”. A. Yes.please B. All right C. Not at all D. I do24. M:_? T: Id love to, but Im afraid I have no time. M: oh, no. Youll surely come over. T: Its very nice of you. But Im sorry I have to go to a meeting. A. Do you have lunch out in a restaurantB. Shall I have you with me at my birthday C. Did you go to see the filmD. Have you enjoyed yourself at the party25. -You ought to have come here ten minutes ago? -Yes, I _. A. ought to B. ought to haveC. ought D. have ought to26. -Would you like to go out for a walk? -Yes, _. A. Id like to B. Id likeC. Ill like to D. I would27. _ you succeed! A. Can B. May C. Must D. Will28. Did he need _ then? A. leave B. to leave C. leaving D. left29. Do you think if he dares _ in public. A. speak B. speakingC. to speak D. spoken30. He _ eating American food since he came here. A. used to B. has been used C. has been used to D. was used to31. A computer _ think for itself; it _ be told what to do. A. may not, must B. mustnt, mightC. shouldnt, could D. cant, must32. -_ you mind my opening the window? -Not at all. A. Shall B. Should C. Will D. Would33.1 didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have beenC. should have been D. could have been34. You _ me about it earlier, but you didnt. A. should have told B. would have toldC. must have told D. should tell35. The teacher told the students that they _ keep silent in class all the time. A. ought to not B. ought not to C. ought not to have D. cant36.-Do you speak Japanese? -No, I dont, but I_speak Chinese. A. ought B. have to C. do D. must37. If you_quiet ,Ill tell you what happened A. be B. will be C. are D. are to be38.-Look ,it_be Li Ping. -No, it_be him.Hes gone abroad. A. may; mustnt B. must; may C. must; cant D. can; may not39.Professor Wang,many students want to see you. _they wait here or outside? A. Do B. Are C. Will D. Shall40.I cant find Mr Wang anywhere in the office building.Where_he have gone? A. may B. can C. must D. Should41.Wherever you_,theres no place like home. A. can go B. must go C. might go D. may go42.-Dont forget to post the letter for me. -I _. A. wont B. will C. dont D. cant43.-Must I take a taxi? -No,you_.You can walk from here. A. dont B. must not C. dont have to D. had better not to44.The bus _start;I dont know what to do with it. A. cant B. wont C. shant D. may not45.He was a good swimmer so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. A. could B. might C. should D. was able to46. I went to the doctors yesterday, I had to wait for half an hour before he _see me. A. can B. may C. might D. could47.- _ this book be yours? - No, it _ not be mine. It _ be his. A. Can, must, may B. May, might, mustC. Can, may, must D. Must, can, may48.-We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday. -He _ it. A. mustnt attend B. cant have attended C. would have not attended D. needed have attended49. They _ the plane, or perhaps they have been prevented from coming for some reason. A. can have missed B. may have
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