初中语法be动词的用法.doc

Be动词的形式和搭配：1. be 动词am, is ,are 的原行，be动词在句中运用时，在一般现在时句中，需根据句子主语的不同，选择用am, is, are，而be动词一般不直接用在句中。am, is, are 在句中的用法（我用am ，你用are , is用于他、她、它，复数全部都用are. ）： (1) am 是，“am”要与第一人称代词“I”连用，即，只有句子主语为“I”时，“I”与“am”缩写形式为Im.如：I am a student.I am Michell. (2) is 是， “is”用在句子主语为单数时，或不可数名词时使用。其缩写形式为 Hes , Shes, Its.如：He is twelve. She is my sister. It is a clock. (3) are 是， “are”用在句子的主语为you，表示有两个或两个以上数目的复数名词，代词以及“and”连接的两者或多者一起构成的主语时。其缩写形式为 youre .（习惯上）如：You are a student. Tom and I are good friends.注意：am , is , are 与前面的代词或名词的缩写形式只用在句中，且在它们之后还有其他词时；如果无其他单词时，则不应将它缩写。如: - Are you Michell? - Yes, I am. (此时的I 与am 不能缩写)2. Be 动词的否定形式的变化： 否定句：只需要在be（am, is, are）后面加上not 就行。但要注意缩写形式。 如：I am not a student.You arent a teacher.He isnt a good man.There isnt a pen.There arent some bags in the shop .(am not , is not=isnt are not =arent)总结：am 一般与not 一起时不缩写；is 与not 缩写为isnt ， are not 缩写为arent , isnt 和arent 在句中运用时， 不管后面有无其他单词都可以用，不用分开写。 如：a. -Is that an English book? -No, it isnt. b. We arent teachers. Were students. 3.一般疑问句：只需要把be动词提到句子开头就行，第一个字母要大写。 Are you a good student? Yes, I am. Is he reading books? No, he isnt. Is there a new school in your hometown(家乡)？Yes, there is. Are there your parents and your grandparents in your family? Yes, there are.be动词的四种功能用法： 1.功能一，系动词be be为连系动词，中心词义是是，句型为主系表结构。be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式)；was, were(过去式)；will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词原形)；have/has/had been(助动词过去分词)等。如： To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时) The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时) It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时) She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)2.功能二，助动词be助动词be，无词义，辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词。用法如下：a. be+doing：构成进行时态，有现在和过去两种进行时态。如：The girls is reading and copying the new words now. Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.b. be+done：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者，done必须是及物动词)。如：Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态) This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态) Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态) How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态) That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)c. be+going to do，表示打算或将要做某事，be有现在和过去两种形式。如： We are going to plant trees in the park. I didnt know if she was going to come here. d. be+to do，表示按计划安排将要做某事。如： The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday. One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.3.功能三，there bethere be句式为：there be+主语部分状语部分，表示某处存在某物，be常用现在时，过去时和将来时等。如：Oh, cool! And there are many things to see. There is even a deer park in Sanya. There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt. Will there be a football match in your school next week? 4.功能四，实义be可以将be视为实义动词，因为它具有实际的词义，如成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达等。如：His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties. Kates birthday party will be at half past six this evening. Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.