初中定语从句讲解.doc

Attributive Clauses定语从句一、定语从句及相关概念定语：可以由形容词、代词、数量词、名词、副词、不定代词、介词短语等来担任。如果是一个句子担任定语，那么这个句子就是定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。二、熟悉、理解定语从句。会翻译，能区分主句和从句，会分别找出主句和从句的主语和宾语。Look at these sentences例句1：The man who/that was here yesterday is a middle school teacher.1. 先行词 man（即从句修饰的名词或代词）; 2. 关系代词 who /that（修饰人）。先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词。 关系词： 引导定语从句的词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等.The girl who is standing there is Mary.先行词 关系词1. The students (who dont study hard) will not pass the exam. 先行词 定语从句.主句: The students will not pass the exam.2. The woman (whom you saw in the park) is our English teacher.先行词 定语从句主句: The woman is our English teacher. 从句的主语：you 从句的宾语：whom3. A shoe shop is a shop (which sells shoes).主句：A shoe shop is a shop. 从句的主语: which4. The book (that you want) is on the desk.主句: The book is on the desk. 引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which,who,whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room. 先行词 关系代词做主语I lost the book ( that/which you gave me). 先行词 关系代词做宾语三、各关系代词的使用方法1.who指人，在从句中做主语，也可做从句的宾语。(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中只能充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. (2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.注： 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时 (g) 为了避免重复 (h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 四、关系副词引导的定语从句例句2：This is the town where I was born.1. 先行词 town （即从句修饰的名词）；2. 关系副词 where （修饰地点，从句中状语）。v 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的v 关系副词：where/when/why.v 各关系副词的用法：引导词 : when where why 1、I still remember the day _when_ I first came to Beijing. 先行词 “the day” 在从句中做状语, 表示时间: I first came to Beijing on the day. (所以用关系副词when。)比较：I still remember the day ( _which/that_ ) we spend together. 先行词 “ the day” 在从句中做spend宾语： We spend the day together. （所以在该句中用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。）2. This is the place _where_ we worked last year. 先行词 “the place”在从句中做状语，表示地点： We worked in the place last year. ( 所以用关系副词where。) 比较：This is the place (_which/that_) we visited last year. 先行词 “the place”在从句中做visited的宾语： We visited the place last year.( 所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。)u 先行词在从句中做状语，用关系副词； 先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用关系代词。 3. That is the reason (_why_) he dislikes me. 先行词 “the reason” 表示原因，用关系副词why.Practice(练习)1. The beautiful card is from my friend _who_ lives in Australia.2. I borrowed the bike from Tom _whose_ father is a teacher.3.This is the earth _where_ we live.4.I still remember the day _when_ Mary made a chocolate cake . 填空：1. I still remember the day we spent in the forest.2. I still remember the day I first came to Beijing.3. The factory we will visit is large.4. The factory his father works is large.5. Ill never forget the time we work.on the farm.6. This is the house we lived last year.1. This is the man will go to the south with us tomorrow.2. Whos the student he teacher is talking with?3. I like the present youve sent to me.4. The nurse we talked about can speak English well.5. This is the most difficult job weve ever done.1This is the place_ John was born? Awhich Bwhere C. when Dthat2. He is the only person _ I want to talk to. A. that B. which C. who D. whose 3Is this problem _the teacher explained last week? A the one Bthat Cwhich Done4My mother will give Mary a model plane_ she will like to play Awhich Bthat Cfor which Dwith which5After living in London for thirty years，Mr Smith returned to the small town_ he grew up as a child Awhich Bwhere C that Dwhen6They had a long talk about the persons and things_ they both knew Awhom Bwhat C. that Dwhich7The days_ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten. A. when Bwhich Cwho Don which8Perhaps this is the only shop_ you can get such cheap goods. A. that Bof which Cby which Dwhere9I can still remember the place_ my brother and I used to sit in the evening. Awhich Bwhat C .that Dwhere 10He told the same story _ I told. A. that B. which C. as D. it11. The first thing _ we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room. A. which B. as C. what D. that 12. Any girls _ knew him were teachers. A. where B. that C. they D. whom 13. The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog _ were just passing by. A. which B. as C. that D. who14That is the hotel _ we stayed last year. A. in that B. in which C. why D. at which15. This is the reason _ we made Mr Li headmaster of our school. A. where B. when C. before D. wh