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初二英语上册Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation ?1. anywhere adv. 否/疑问/条件状从somewhere adv.肯形容词放其后Eg. You can go anywhere interesting you want.-Did you go _B_last summer holiday?-Yes. I went to Shanghai Disney.A. somewhere special B. anywhere special C. special somewhere D. special anywhere2. 形容词修饰不定代词everywhere 肯“到处” nowhere 不在任何地方-反-anywhere任何地方some-， any-, every-, no-, 加 one, -body, -thinganything 复合不定代词 否/疑， if/whether之后 形容词放其后something 肯e.g. Do you have anything to say ?Last night I saw someone strange lying on the ground near my home.If you have anything important to tell me, please call me.-Tom, please come here. I have_C_ to tell you.-Ok. Im coming.A. anything important B. important something C. something important D. important anything3. How do you like? 你觉得怎么样=What do you think of? = How do you feel about?Eg. How do you like your new job?=What do you think of your new job?=How do you feel about your new job?4.bored 人 感受 -edboring 物 事物的特征 -inge.g. She is bored with her job.The lecture was deadly boring. Do you find yourself getting impatient or _A_ with people over由于unimportant things?A. bored B. boring C. tiring D. tired5.because of +n. 短语，代词等Because +句子e.g. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.And we couldnt see anything below because the weather was bad.6.enough adj. I have enough money to buy a new book. adv. He is not old enough to go to school.adj. + enough + to do sth. 足够做She is old _enough_ _to_ make her own decision.7. 一般过去时 过去发生的动作或状态（1）肯：主语+was/were/V-p +其他 We were pupils two years ago.I went to the zoo last week.（2）否：主语+was/were + not ; 主语+ didnt + V原 + 其他He wasnt here just now.He didnt go to school last Friday.（3）一般疑问句： Was/Were + 主语 + 其他 ？Did + 主语 + V原 + 其他 ？You were at home this morning.Were you at home this morning?Your brother played computer games last Sunday.Did you brother play computer games last Sunday?Unit 2 How often do you exercise ?1. 不得不；必须have to 客观需要 must 主观愿望、看法We had to walk to school yesterday.Its too late, I have to go now.You must finish the work before.We have to finish the work before lunch.2. want to do sth. 想要做sth.I want to go shopping.want sb. to do sth. 想要sb.做sth. V +宾+宾补She wanted me to read it again.类似的动词：ask, teach, tell, wish, invite, order3. be good +介词be good to 对很好 She is good to everyone.be good for 对有益/有好处 Eating vegetables is good for your health.be good at 擅长 He is good at speaking English.be good with 与相处得好 He is very good with the children.do harm to=be bad for=be harmful to 对有害 Nowadays, almost everyone knows air pollution is harmful to peoples health.It not only disturbs others, but also does harm to peoples hearing.4. it 作形式主语 动词不定式做真正的主语It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 做sth.(adj.)It is everyones duty to obey the law.It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese.It is/was + adj. (for sb.) + to do sth. 对sb.来说做sth.是的 adj. 表事物的特征，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossiblee.g. Its very hard for him to learn two foreign languages.It is/was +adj. of sb. + to do sth. sb. 做sth.，真(adj.)adj. 表人物的性格、品德，常表示主观感情或态度，如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolishe.g. Its very nice of you to help me.5. 频率副词always总是；永远；始终 100% usually 通常；经常 75%often 时常；常常 50% sometimes 有时 20%hardly几乎不 5% never 从不 0%6. how often/soon/long/farhow often“多久一次”频率 e.g.-How often do you visit your mother? -Once a week.how soon “多久之后”多久能完成 对（从即时起）到将来某个时刻间的时间长短提问，回答通常为 in+一段时间 e.g. How soon will he be back？-In an hour.how far “多远” 路程 e.g.-How far is it from here to the zoo? -Its 6 kilometers.how long “时间多久；物体多长”一段时间/长度一般对过去发生的时间提问e.g. How long did he stay here? -About two weeks.对物体长度提问e.g.-How long is the board? -About one meter.7.through,across 介词 穿过through 内部/中间 如人群中，阳光中，物体中间等等；可用于抽象e.g. The sunlight comes through the glass. I dont know how they get through these cold winters.across表面 go across 与cross（v./n.） 同义across是介词，有“横跨，横穿，穿越”之意。e.g. Go across (Cross) the road, and you will find the post office on your right.The Great Green Wall is across the northwest of China.绿色长城横跨中国西北Unit 3 Im more outgoing than my sister1. Both做主语常与介词of连用，构成bothofe.g. Both of us like watching the talent show.both and “两者都”链接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数 e.g. Both my father and my mother are English teachers. Practice: -Please turn down the music. _C_Dad_ Mom are sleeping. -Sorry, Ill do it right away. A. Neither; nor B. Either; or C. Both; and D. Not only; but also2. 反意疑问句的用法 规则：“前肯后方，前否后肯” 陈述部分+反义部分 希望证实所叙述的内容两种结构：肯定陈述+否定疑问 e.g. The students enjoy playing football, dont they?否定陈述+肯定反意疑问e.g. You didnt go, did you?情态动词/be/have(has)done/doI can speak English, _cant I_?I cant speak Japanese, _can I_?She hasnt been to Japan, _has she_?I didnt go to school, _did_I_? Practice: He has few friends in his new school, _B_?A. hasnt he B. does he C. is he D. doesnt heShe is a nurse, _isnt_she_?She has eaten dinner, _hasnt_she_?I have a house, _dont_ _I_?I have bought a car, _havent _ _I_?I have a cold, _dont _ _I_?She likes me, _doesnt_ _she_?He played cards, _didnt_ _he_?如何回答，根据事实回答yes/no, 是否符合陈述部分“前否后肯” 的回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”，no要译成“是”。 They work hard, dont they?他们努力工作，不是吗？Yes, they do.对,他们工作努力。/No, they dont.不，他们工作不努力。They dont work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作，是吗？Yes, they do. 不，他们工作努力。/No, they dont. 是的， 他们工作不努力。以Lets开头的祈使句，附加问句用shall we；以Let us开头的，则用 will youe.g. Lets go home， shall we？咱们回家吧，好吗？Let us go home， will you？让我们回家吧，好吗？2. lets 和let uslets中us包括对方e.g. Lets try again.咱们再试一下吧Let us 不包括对方e.g. Let us know the time of your arrival.告诉我们你到达的时间practice: Mom, lets go shopping.妈妈，我们一起去购物吧 Mom, let us go shopping. 妈妈，请允许我们去购物3. asas 的用法 “像一样”用于同级比较 “as + 形容词/副词的原级+as” 表示两者在某一方面相同或相等e.g. Mary works as carefully as Linda. “not as/soas” 不像一样e.g. Spring isnt as/so cold as winter. “as much/many+U/N+as” 可用于表示数量 e.g. I havent got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想象的有那么多钱。 Practice: My father think writing is as _A_ as reading.A. Interesting B. interested C. more interesting D. more interested4. have fun 的用法 “玩得高兴，过得快乐”have fun (in) doing sth. 做sth.有乐趣have a good time enjoy oneselfe.g. We have fun (in) reading English novels.Practice: -Did you have _A_ good time yesterday? -Yeah, I really had _ fun at the party.A. a; / B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a5. makemake sb. do sth. 让/使sb. 做sth. e.g. His words made us feel so excited. The boss made the workers work day and night.see, watch, look at 三看 hear, listen to 两听feel一感 以及let, have, make 三个使役动词后跟省略to的不定式做宾补e.g. Did you hear him go out? I often see him play basketball in the playground.Practice: The child is crying. Please do something to make him_B_.A. stop to cry B. stop crying C. to stop crying6. as long as “只要”条件状从 e.g. You may take this book away as long as you return it on time. Practice: -Whats your opinion on friends? 你对于朋友的观点是什么 -They are like books. We dont need a lot of them _A_ they are good. A. as long as B. as soon as C. so that D. as if7. the same as 和一样 e.g. Your opinion is the same as mine. Practice: Its not necessary to find a friend who is the same _B_ you.A. in B. as C. to D. from8. be similar to sb./sth. 与sb./sth.相似 e.g. My problems are similar to yours. Practice: Nana is _D_ to her father in many ways. For example, they are both tall.A. different B. kind C. friendly D. similar9. be different from 和不同 反义词the same as e.g. My job is different from his. Practice：-Are you different _ your friend? -No, we are similar _ each other. A. from, to B. to, from C. from, from D. in, from different adj. difference n.不同点 important adj. importance n. 重要性10. 形容词、副词比较级、最高级比较级/最高级变化规则：变化规则例词单音节和部分双音节词一般在词尾加-er/ -estsmaller, taller, higher以不发音的e结尾加-r/-stfiner, nicer, later以辅音字母加y结尾，y变i 加-er/-esteasier, earlier, heavier, happier重度闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写加-er/-estbigger, fatter, thinner,多音节和部分双音节词前加more/mostmore outgoing/interesting常见不规则many/much变more, mostgood/well变better, best bad/ill变worse, worstlittle/few变less, leastfar变farther/further, farthest/furthestold变older/elder, oldest/eldest 10.1 比较级特别用法和句型（1）同级比较倍数比较：Your room is twice as big as mine.This bridge is three times as long as that one.My handwriting is not half as good as yours.asas possible 表示尽可能 He is coming here as fast as possible.= He is coming here as fast as he can.（2）可用于修饰比较级的词主要包括：much, a bit, a little, a lot, rather, far, even, still, a great deal, twice, many times, one third, any等Tom is much shorter than his brother.Dont go by plane. Its a lot more expensive.In my eyes, Susan is pretty while Lucy is even prettier.My sister is two years younger than me.It is one-fourth cheaper than the market price.比较级比较级,表示“越,就越The more money you make, the more you spend.The younger you are, the easier it is to learn.The faster I type, the more mistakes I make.（3）the+比较级+ of the two, “两个中比较的”Of the two girls, Lynn is the more beautiful girl.He is the better of the two.Mary is the taller of the twins.（4）表示倍数Our classroom is twice bigger than theirs.This rule is three times longer than that one.10.2 最高级其他用法（1）“主语+ be + one of the adj.最高级 + 名词复数 + 范围”表示“是中最之一”Computer is one of the most important inventions in the world.This is one of the most interesting stories I have ever heard.（2）adj. 最高级前可加序数词，表示“第几最”The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.11. both, all, neither, none, either的用法both: 两者都both两者都 neither 两者都不all三者都none 三者都不Both of my friends are friends.Both he and his brother are students.All of us like to eat apples. =We all like to eat apples.All of the oil is used up.Neither of my parents （v单数）is coming here.Neither James nor I am from Canada.（就近原则）None of us agreed with him.Unit 4 Whats the best movie theater?1. be close to 离近The supermarket is close to my house.close adj. 亲密的，密切的She is a close friend of theirs.close V. 关闭Please close the window before leaving the office.-Where is Shenzhen Concert Hall? How can we get there?-It is close to the bookshop.A. behind B. opposite C. near2. some 的特殊用法 通常some 肯定句 any 否定句 There are some letters for you. Are there any letters for me?在表示请求或建议的疑问句中，希望得到肯定回答时，通常用some不用anyMay I have some paper?Can you lend me some money?Why not give her some flowers?Would you like some bananas?Shall I get some water for you?-Would you like_ coffee?-No, thanks. I dont want _ drinks now.A. any, any B. any, some C. some, any D. some, some3. have in common“有相同特征；（想法、兴趣等方面）相同” have nothing in common 没有共同点 The two sisters have nothing in common.所有这些文章都有一个共同之处。All these articles have one thing _ _.play a role 发挥作用，有影响play an important role in 在中起重要作用若要进一步引出具体内容用介词in, “在起重要作用或承担某种角色”The media play a major role in influencing peoples opinions.The internet _ an important _ in peoples work and life.4. look like, take after, be similar to look like 看起来像 （外观上像）You look like your father. take after 长得像，行为、性格等像，有时相当于be similar to Mary really takes after her mother.be similar to 用法广泛，相似的物品或情景的对比上My pen is similar to yours.Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?1. mind 介意 常用于否定句、疑问句 介词-Would you mind lending me your bike?-Of course not.plan 名词make a plan for sth. 为某事制定计划 a plan to do sth. 制定计划做sth.作动词plan to do sth. 计划做sth.-What are you going to do tonight?-I plan_ Days of Our Past.我们逝去的日子A. watch B. watching C. to watch D. watched2. hope hope to do sth. 希望做sth. 但是不能接“宾语+不定式”，可跟that（that可省）从句I hope to arrive home as soon as possible.I hope (that) you can help me with my math.（不能说I hope you to help me with my math.）We hope to see you again.= We hope we can see you again.She said she hoped _ her daughter.A. to see B. you to see C. seeing3. famous be famous for 因而出名Beijing is famous for many places of interest.名胜古迹be famous as 作为而出名Sun Yang is famous as a swimmer.4. ready be ready to do sth. 准备好、乐于做某事He is always ready to help others. be/get ready for sth. 为sth.准备Im ready for my English test. try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力去做sth.I plan to try my best to help the old man.5. look, see, watch, notice look看 (强调动作 集中注意力有意识的行为)Look！ The bus is coming. see 看见，看到 (强调看的结果)Can you see the UFO in the sky. watch 观看 (强调专注地看，有欣赏意味，多指看电视节目、比赛)Do you often watch this TV program? notice 注意到 (常指无意识的行为)He passed by me without noticing me.6. expect, hope, wish, look forward to expect “期望、待”（相信有实现可能的） n./ to do/宾语+宾补We expect him to come to help us. hope 主观愿望，(对实现有信心 ) to do短语/that从句，不可接宾语+ 不定式I hope to spend a year in America after I leave school. wish “但愿，希望” (未完成或不能完成) to do 短语/双宾语/宾+宾补/that从句We wish him to feel well again soon. look forward to“盼望，期望”(向往某事) 其中to为介词We are looking forward to seeing you soon.6. happen, take place 发生 无被动 happen 偶然或突发事件An accident happened in that street. take place 一般指安排或计划发生的When will your wedding take place.Unit 6 I m going to study computer science.1. 1. 表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态。2. 将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态例句1. He will get married. 他就快结婚了1。2. She will have a daughter.她就会有个女儿了。3. The cat will have a master.猫要有主人了。4. The dog will have a house. 狗就要有窝了。5. Telephone me this evening. Ill be at home. 今晚给我打电话，我会在家。6. Ill（shall/will）do a better job next time. 下次我要干得好7. The car wont start.车开不了啦。8. Oil and water will not mix. 油水没法混在一起。9. Will you do your homework on Sunday？10. Will she go to Shanghai next year？11. Will Tom wash his clothes tomorrow?12. Mary isnt here now；She will be back in an hour.13. If I give him five books，he will be happy.14. 特别注意：will是情态动词，其后面必须跟动词原形。如果，后面是副词（back是副词），或者是形容词（happy是形容词），要在will后面加上be。肯定句：主语+ be going to do /主语+will+ 动词原形否定句：主语+ be not going to do /主语+ will not+ 动词原形疑问句：Be动词+主语+ going to do /Will+主语+ 动词原形简略回答：（肯）Yes,主语shall/will (否) No,主语 shall/will not特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（就主语提问时，以疑问 词who开头的疑问词除外）- Why will you be here on Sunday?（周日你为什么将要在这儿？）-I will have a meeting on Sunday（我将要在周日举行一个聚会）（对特殊疑问句要进行具体回答）一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改any, and改or，第一二人称互换We are going to go on an outing this weekend.-Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?被动句：will/shall+be+V.ed(及物动词过去分词）The letter will be sent tomorrow.这封信明天将寄出去We shall be punished if we break the rule.如果我们违反规定，我们将受到惩罚。shall 仅用于第一人称，will用于所有人称will, be going to be going to 主观计划、打算、安排不宜用be going to 的情况： 临时决定将要做 Someone is knocking the door, and Ill open it.客观必然会发生的事 Tomorrow will be Sunday.2. tooto太而不能He is too young to join the army.too +adj./adv. (原级) + to +V. 原有时可带由介词for引出的逻辑主语 The box is too heavy for the boy to carry. tooto与sothat之间的转换that 后从句为否定式 主句主语和从句主语相同（主主从主相同）sothat 可用tootoHe was too tired to walk on.= He was so tired that he couldnt walk on. 主句主语和从句主语不一样（主主从主不同）sothat可用toofor sb. toThe bag is too heavy for her to move.=The bag is so heavy that she cant move it. tooto有时可与motenough to 互换She is too young to go to school.= She is so young that she cant go to school.=She is not old enough to go to school.The train travelled _ fast for us to see much outside the window.A. quite B. very C. too D. so Unit 7 Will people have robots?1. 一般将来时的构成“助动词will + 动词原形”人称肯定式否定式疑问式第一人称I/We will goI/We will not goShall I/we go 第二人称You will go You will not goWill you go第三人称He/She/It/They will goHe/She/It/They will not goWill he/she/it/they goHe will get married. 他就快结婚了1。She will have a daughter.她就会有个女儿了。The cat will have a master.猫要有主人了there be 句型的一般将来时There will be 是there be 的一般将来时结构：“There will be + 主+ 其他” “There is/are going to be +主+ 其他” There will be more flowers. There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon.否定句There will not/wont be +主一般疑问Will there be +主肯定回答Yes, there will.否定回答No，there wont.There wont be more cars in the future.-Will there be more cars in the future?-Yes, there will.-No, there wont.The TV news reports that there _ a storm the day after tomorrow.A. is B. was C. will be D. has been2. a few (肯) 一些；几个few (否) 几乎没有a little （肯）一点little (否) 几乎没有Hes lived here for a long time but has few friends.Hes lived here for a short time but has already had a few friends.3. It takes + 时间+ to do sth. It takes/ took/ will take sb. some time to do sth.某人花费一段时间做某事It took us half an hour to cook dinner.4. hundred/thousand 与数字连用，用单数I have two hundred and thirty-five books. hundreds/thousands of 不与具体数字连用，表示不确定的数时“大量；许多；数百计的；成百的”“成千上万的；数千计的”There are hundreds of books on the desk.In our hometown, _ villagers leave for big cities to look for jobs.A. two hundreds of B. hundred of C. hundreds of D. two hundreds5. cost, take, pay, spendcost sth. costs /cost sb.+ 钱数A new computer costs me a lot of money.It takes/took(sb.) some time to do sth.It took them three years to build this road.sb. pays/paid some money for sth.I paid fifty yuan for the coat.sb. spends/spent some money/time on sth./in doing sth.I spent fifty yuan on the coat.=I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat.Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?1. cut up切碎 cut off切断 cut in 插嘴 cut out 删除，减去cut in line 插队 cut down 砍倒，缩减 cut into把切成Lets cut two bananas up first.= Lets cut up two bananas first.2. turn on 打开turn off 关闭Please turn on/off the light.turn up 调大He turned up the radio.turn down 调小 The TV is too loud. Please turn it down.3. one more 另外一个-How many more stamps do you want?-Four more please.基数词+more “再多几个”another+基数词+名词 I shall stay another five months.He decided to have one more try.Shes going to have another baby.-Ms. Wang, Im afraid I cant finish the work in two days.-Dont worry. Ill give you _ days.A. two another B. two more C. more two D. two many4. forget forget to do sth. 忘记要去做sth. （未做）The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.forget doing sth. 忘记做过sth. （已做）I forget closing the door.我忘记已经关上门了-Sam, dont forget _ the book to the library tomorrow.-OK, I wont.A. return B. returning C. returned D. to return5. 可数名词的修饰词a, an, 基数词many many applesa few a few studentsfew few people不可数名词修饰词much much rain/oila little a little waterlittle little meat既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词lots of= a lot of 许多；大量 some 一些（肯定句）6. 祈使句：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等，主语是第二人称，通常省略 V型祈使句： 行为动词开头 Listen to me, please. B型祈使句： be开头 Be quiet, please. L型祈使句：let 开头 Let me help you. Lets go home! N型祈使句：No photos! No smoking! P 型祈使句：Please sit down.= Sit down, please. D型祈使句：“dont + V原”开头 Dont talk in class.
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