新世纪综合教程(英专)第二版 unit 7 Letter to a B Student.ppt

Unit7 Watchthevideoandanswerthefollowingquestions 1 Whatdoyouthinkoftheboythattheteachersweretalkingabout Whatattitudesdidtheteachershavetowardstheboy 2 Doyouhaveanystudyproblem What syourteachers attitude Pre readingActivities Audiovisualsupplement1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation Theboyhadsomestudyproblems Mostoftheteachersdidnotbelievethattheboycouldmakeanyprogress buttheyoungladythoughtthathecould Open Pre readingActivities Audiovisualsupplement2 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation Teacher1 Teacher2 Teacher3 Teacher1 Teacher3 Teacher4 Teacher2 Teacher4 Thebigkid sbeenherefor what amonth He sstillnotcuttingitinmyclass WhydoesAdmissionsdothis Imean it snotfairtousortheboy They rejustsettinghimuptofail Idon tthinkhehasanyideaofwhatI mteaching Andhowwouldyouknowifhedid Hewon teventalk Hewrites Hisname Barely Hethrewthisinthetrashcan IlookandIseewhiteeverywhere whitewalls whitefloors andalotofwhitepeople TheteachersdonotknowI VideoScript1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation VideoScript2 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation Teacher1 havenoideaofanythingtheyaretalkingabout Idonotwannalistentoanyone especiallytheteachers Theyaregivinghomeworkandexpectingmetodotheproblemsonmyown Ihaveneverdonehomeworkinmylife Igotothebathroom lookinthemirrorandsay ThisisnotMichaelOher Heentitledit WhiteWalls How sthespelling 1 QuoteHistoriesmakemenwise poemswitty themathematicssubtle naturalphilosophydeep moralgrave logicandrhetoricabletocontend FrancisBacon Culturalinformation1 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation improvement inpercentages or asiscommoninsomepost secondaryinstitutionsinsomecountries asaGradePointAverage GPA TheGPAcanbeusedbypotentialemployersorfurtherpost secondaryinstitutionstoassess Culturalinformation2 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation 2 GradesGradesarestandardizedmeasurementsofvaryinglevelsofcomprehensionwithinasubjectarea Gradescanbeassignedinletters forexample A B C D orF asarange forexample4 0 1 0 asdescriptors excellent great satisfactory needs Culturalinformation7 Audiovisualsupplement Culturalinformation andcompareapplicants ACumulativeGradePointAverageisthemeanGPAfromallacademictermswithinagivenacademicyear whereastheGPAmayonlyrefertooneterm GlobalReading Textanalysis Structuralanalysis Textanalysis 1 Whatissuesdoesthewriteroftheletterintendtodealwith Howshouldstudentsregardgrades bothgoodandbad Aregradesasimportantastheyareassumedtobe Dogoodgradesnecessarilyleadtoachievementsandbadgradesresultinfailureinastudent slaterlife Structuralanalysis Textanalysis 2 What sthethemeofthispieceofwriting Itisexplicitlystatedinthefirstsentenceofthethirdparagraph toputaBstudent sdisappointmentinperspectivebyconsideringexactlywhatthegradeBmeansanddoesn tmean GlobalReading Textanalysis Structuralanalysis1 Itintroducesthetopicoftheletter Gradesdonotmeaneverything GettingaBinclassdoesnotmeanonewillalwaysbeaBperformerinlife 1 Dividethetextintopartsbycompletingthetable Textanalysis Structuralanalysis Inacomplexsocietylikeours labelsarenecessarybuttheyshouldbekeptinperspective Structuralanalysis2 Structuralanalysis Textanalysis Structuralanalysis3 2 Apartfromthefirstparagraph therestofthetextfallsclearlyintothreeparts eachofwhichismarkedatthebeginningbyakeywordorwords Trytofindthesekeywords Paragraphs2 5 DisappointmentParagraphs6 8 Thestudentasperformer thestudentashumanbeing Paragraphs9 10 Perspective Mainidea Structuralanalysis YourfinalgradeforthecourseisB Arespectablegrade Farsuperiortothe Gentleman sC thatservedasthenormacoupleofgenerationsago ButinthosedaysA swererare onlytwooutoftwenty five asIrecall Whateverournormis ithasshiftedupward withtheresultthatyouareprobablydisappointedatnotdoingbetter I mcertainthatnothingIcansaywillremovethatfeelingofdisappointment particularlyinaclimatewheregradesdetermineeligibilityforgraduateschoolandspecialprograms LettertoaBStudent Detailedreading1 Detailedreading RobertOliphant 1 Disappointment It sthestuffbaddreamsaremadeof dreamsoffailure inadequacy lossofpositionandgoodrepute Theessenceofsuccessisthatthere sneverenoughofittogoroundinazero sumgamewhereoneperson swinningmustbeoffsetbyanother slosing oneperson sjoyoffsetbyanother sdisappointment You vegrownupinasocietywherewinningisnotthemostimportantthing it stheonlything Tolose tofail togounder togobroke thesearedeadlysinsinaworldwhereprosperityinthepresentisseenasasuresignofsalvationinthefuture Inadifferentsociety yourdisappointmentmightbesomethingyoucouldshrugaway Butnotinours Detailedreading2 Detailedreading 2 Detailedreading3 Mypurposeinwritingyouistoputyourdisappointmentinperspectivebyconsideringexactlywhatyourgrademeansanddoesn tmean Idonotproposetoargueherethatgradesareunimportant Rather Ihopetoshowyouthatyourgrade takenatfacevalue isapttobedangerouslymisleading bothtoyouandtoothers Detailedreading 3 Asasymbolonyourcollegetranscript yourgradesimplymeansthatyouhavesuccessfullycompletedaspecificcourseofstudy doingsoatacertainlevelofproficiency Thelevelofyourproficiencyhasbeendeterminedbyyourperformanceofratherconventionaltasks takingtests writingpapersandreports andsoforth Yourperformanceisgenerallyassumedtocorrespondtotheknowledgeyouhaveacquiredandwillretain Butthisassumption aswebothknow isquestionable itmaywellbethatyou veactuallygottenmuchmoreoutofthecoursethanyourgradeindicates orless Detailedreading4 Detailedreading 4 Detailedreading5 Lackingmoreprecisemeasurementtools wemustinterpretyourBasaratherfuzzysymbolatbest representingaquestionablejudgmentofyourmasteryofthesubject Detailedreading Yourgradedoesnotrepresentajudgmentofyourbasicabilityorofyourcharacter Courage kindness wisdom goodhumor thesearetheimportantcharacteristicsofourspecies Unfortunatelytheyarenotpartofourcurriculum Buttheyareimportant cruciallyso becausetheyarealwaysinshortsupply 5 Thestudentasperformer thestudentashumanbeing Thedistinctionisoneweshouldalwayskeepinmind IfirstlearnedityearsagowhenIgotoutoftheserviceandwentbacktocollege Therewerealotofusthen olderthanthenorm inahurrytogetourdegreesandmoveon impatientwiththetestsandritualsofacademiclife Notaneasygrouptohandle Detailedreading6 Ifyouvaluethesecharacteristicsinyourself youwillbevalued andfarmoresothanthosewhoseidentitiesaremeasuredonlybylittlemarksonapieceofpaper YourBisapricetagonagarmentthatisquiteseparatefromtheliving breathinghumanbeingunderneath Detailedreading 6 Detailedreading7 Oneinstructorhandledusverywisely itseemstome OnSundayeveningsinparticular hewouldmakeapointofstoppinginatalocalbarfrequentedbymanyoftheGI Billstudents Therehewouldsitanddrink joke andswapstorieswithmeninhisclass menwhohadbutrecentlyputawaytheiruniformsandidentities formerplatoonsergeants bomberpilots corporals captains lieutenants commanders majors evenalieutenantcolonel asIrecall Theyenjoyedhiscompanygreatly ashetheirs Thenextmorninghewouldwalkintoclassandgivethesesamemenatest Ahardtest Atestonwhichheusuallyflunkedabouthalfofthem Detailedreading 7 Oddlyenough themenwhomheflunkeddidnotresentit Nordidtheyresenthimforshiftingsuddenlyfromafriendlygeartoacoerciveone Rather theylovedhim workedharderandharderathiscourseasthesemestermovedalong andendedupwithagoodgraspofhissubject economics Thetechniqueisstillratherdifficultformetoexplain butIbelieveitcanbedescribedasoneinwhichacleardistinctionwasmadebetweenthestudentasclassroomperformerandthestudentashumanbeing Agooddistinctiontomake AdistinctionthatshouldputyourBinperspective andyourdisappointment Detailedreading8 Detailedreading 8 Detailedreading9 Perspective Itisimportanttorecognizethathumanbeings despitedifferencesinclassandeducationallabeling arefundamentallyhewnfromthesamematerialandknittogetherbycommonbondsoffearandjoy sufferingandachievement Warfare sickness disasterspublicandprivate thesearethelargercoordinatesoflife Torecognizethemistorecognizethatsociallabelsarebasicallyirrelevantandmisleading Itistruethattheselabelsarenecessaryinthefunctioningofacomplexsocietyasawayoflettingusknowwhoshouldbetrustedtodowhat withtheresultthatweneedtomakedistinctionsonthebasisofgrades degrees ranks andresponsibility Detailedreading 9 Detailedreading10 Butthesedistinctionsshouldneverbetakenseriouslyinhumanterms eitherinthewaywelookatothersorinthewaywelookatourselves Detailedreading Eveninachievementterms yourBlabeldoesnotmeanthatyouarepermanentlydefinedasaBachievementperson I mwellawarethatBstudentstendtogetB sinthecoursestheytakelateron justasAstudentstendtogetA s Butacademicworkisanarrow neatlydefinedhighwaycomparedtotheunmappedrollingcountryyourwillencounterafteryouleaveschool 10 Detailedreading10 Whatyouhavelearnedmayhelpyoufindyourwayaboutatfirst lateronyouwillhavetoshifttoyourself locatinggoalsandopportunitiesinthesamefogthathampersusallaswemovetowardthefuture Detailedreading 2 What accordingtotheauthor hascausedthefeelingofdisappointment Ithastodowiththegeneralsocialclimatewheregradesdetermineeligibilityforgraduateschoolandspecialprograms Thisiswhytheauthorsaysthereisnothinghecandotoremovethefeelingofdisappointment 1 Whatchangeaboutgradeshastheauthormentionedbriefly Detailedreading1 Quesion1 1 Theauthorhasmentionedbrieflythechangeinthewaygradesareregarded i e thenormhasshiftedupward Detailedreading Detailedreading1 Quesion1 3 Detailedreading 3 Hastheauthorstatedhispurposeofwritinginthisparagraph Ifyes whatisit Ifnot whereisitstatedinthetext Thepurposeofwritingtheletterisnotstatedinthisparagraph Itisnotspecificallymentioneduntilthethirdparagraph 1 Howdoestheauthorexplainthenotionofdisappointment Detailedreading1 Quesion2 1 RefertoParagraph2 Disappointmentisanegativefeeling Itisthestuffbaddreamsaremadeof Whatdeservesourattentionhereisthattheauthorexplainsdisappointmentinrelationtosuccess Detailedreading Theredoesnotexistthesituationinwhichallthosewhoareinvolvedwillturnoutsuccessfulandnoonefeelsdisappointed Wherevertherearewinners therearelosers Whensomeonefeelshappyabouthissuccess someoneelsemayfeeldisappointedathisfailure Inahighlycompetitivesocietywheretheimportanceofwinningisemphasizedsomuch itisinevitablethatthosewhofailinthecompetitionwillfeeldisappointed Detailedreading1 Quesion2 2 2 HowdoyouinterpretthesecondsentenceinParagraph2 Theessenceofsuccessisthat Detailedreading Whatdoesthephrase putsth inperspective mean Detailedreading1 Quesion3 Itmeans judgetheimportanceofsth correctly Sowhattheauthorwantstodoistoshowthestudentshowtheyshouldregard viewtheirdisappointmentcorrectly Detailedreading Trytofindoutwhatagrademeansandwhatitdoesnotmean Detailedreading1 Quesion5 Itmeansthesuccessfulcompletionofaspecificcourseatacertainlevelofproficiency Itisanindicationofthestudent sperformanceofsomeconventionaltasks However itmaynotbeatruthfulindicationofthestudent sknowledge Itdoesnotrepresentajudgmentofthestudent sbasicabilityorofhischaracter Detailedreading 1 Whatistheauthor sviewconcerningsociallabels Detailedreading1 Quesion9 Sociallabelsareontheonehandirrelevantandmisleadingandontheotherhandnecessaryinacomplexsociety Detailedreading 2 Howdoyouinterpretthesentence Torecognizethemistorecognizethatsociallabelsarebasicallyirrelevantandmisleading Detailedreading1 Quesion9 Ifweareawarethathumanbeings despitetheirapparentdifferences arebasicallyidenticalphysicallyandemotionally wewouldthinkdefinitelythatthesociallabelsusedtodistinguishthemareirrelevant i e meaningless andmisleading i e distortingthefact Detailedreading Howdoestheauthorrelateastudent sacademicperformancewithhisfuturelife Detailedreading1 Quesion10 Whileastudent sperformanceatschoolmaybequiteconsistentthroughouthisschoolyearsandwhathehaslearnedatschoolmayhelphimafterheleavesschool inthelongrunhewilldependmuchmoreonhimself i e hewillhavetolearntofindhiswaywhentravelinginhislifepath AgradeBstudentmayturnouttobeagradeAlifeachiever Detailedreading normn 1 anacceptedstandardorawayofbehavingordoingthingsthatmostpeopleagreewith Detailedreading1 norm e g Youmustadapttothenormsofthesocietyyoulivein Derivation normala normallyad normalizev normalizationn Detailedreading 2 thenorm asituationortypeofbehaviorthatisexpectedandconsideredtobetypical e g Onechildperfamilyisfastbecomingthenorminsomecountries shiftvt vi 1 to causesomethingorsomeoneto moveorchangefromonepositionordirectiontoanother especiallyslightly Detailedreading1 shift1 e g Sheshifted herweight uneasilyfromonefoottotheother Thewindisexpectedtoshift totheeast tomorrow Detailedreading 2 transfersth e g Thissimplyshiftsthecostofmedicalinsurancefromtheemployertotheemployee Detailedreading1 shift2 Detailedreading Collocation shiftsth fromAto ontoB 转移或转换某事物shift your ground 辩论中 改变立场或方法 e g He sannoyingtoarguewithbecausehekeepsshiftinghisground Derivation shiftn shiftlessa Detailedreading1 shift3 1 教师让学生们挪动了教室里的椅子 以便小组成员坐在一起开展讨论 2 最近 媒体的注意力转移到了环境方面的问题 Translation Theteacheraskedthestudentstoshiftthechairsaroundintheclassroomsothatthegroupmemberscouldsittogetherforthediscussion Mediaattentionhasshiftedrecentlyintoenvironmentalissues Detailedreading Detailedreading1 eligibility1 eligibilityn thequalificationsorabilitiesrequiredfordoingsomething e g I llhavetocheckhereligibilitytotakepartinthiscompetition Derivation eligiblea eligible forsth todosth Detailedreading Detailedreading1 eligibility2 Detailedreading 1 Herqualificationsandexperienceconfirmhereligibilityforthejob 2 只有在公司工作三年以上的人才能得到住房补贴 Translation 她的资历和经验确定她适合做这项工作 Onlythosewhohaveworkedinthiscompanyforatleastthreeyearsareeligibleforhousingallowance Detailedreading1 I mcertainthatnothing Detailedreading I mcertainthatnothingIcansaywillremovethatfeelingofdisappointment particularlyinaclimatewheregradesdetermineeligibilityforgraduateschoolandspecialprogram Translation 我肯定无论我说什么都不会消除你的沮丧心情 特别是在我们生活的环境中 考试分数直接决定你是否有资格读研究生和申请一些特别的学习项目 Thepoetlaydownandgazedatthebrightmoon missinghishometown Detailedreading1 inadequacy1 inadequacyn 1 beingtoolowinqualityortoosmallinamount e g Theinadequacyofwatersupplyforcitypeoplehasalreadybeenaproblemnogovernmentcantakelightly e g Detailedreading 2 faultorfailing weakness e g IalwayssufferfromfeelingsofinadequacywhenI mwithhim Detailedreading1 inadequacy2 Detailedreading Derivation inadequatea inadequatelyad Antonym adequacy Detailedreading1 inadequacy3 Detailedreading Exercise Usethefollowingwordstofillintheblanks 1 Unemploymentcanoftencausefeelingsofandlowself esteem 2 Hedoubtedherforthejob 3 Willfutureoilsuppliesbetomeetworldneeds 4 Whilesomepatientscanbecaredforathome othersarebestservedbycareinahospital 5 Ourscientificresearchisfunded inadequacy inadequacyinadequatelyadequacyadequateadequately inadequately adequacy adequate adequately Detailedreading1 essence essencen themostbasicandimportantideaorquality e g Theessenceofhisargumentwasthateducationshouldcontinuethroughoutlife Yetchangeistheveryessenceoflife Detailedreading Collocation inessence本质上 大体上 oftheessence非常重要的 不可缺少的 e g Inessence bothsidesagreeontheissue e g Inanyofthesediscussions ofcourse honestyisoftheessence Detailedreading1 essence Derivation essentiala n essentiallyad Detailedreading Detailedreading1 offset1 Detailedreading offsetvt tocounterbalanceorcompensatefor e g Inbasketball heoffsetshissmallsizebyhisclevernessandspeed Forestscanhelpoffsethuman causedclimatewarming andscientistswanttoknowhowbigaroletheseparticularforestswillplay Collocation offsetsth bysth doingsth Detailedreading1 offset2 Detailedreading 1 Theextracostoftravellingtoworkisoffsetbythelowerpriceofhouseshere 2 Heputuphispricestooffsettheincreasedcostofmaterials Translation 此处的低房价可以抵消从这里去上班时交通方面的额外支出 他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加 goundertofail tobeoverwhelmed Detailedreading1 gounder e g Hisbusinesswentunderbecauseofcompetitionfromthelargecorporations PoorDonaldsonhadnoheadforbusiness anditwasnotlongbeforehewentunder Detailedreading Detailedreading1 go bebroke Detailedreading go bebroketobecomepenniless togobankrupt e g Thebusinesskeptlosingmoneyandfinallywentbroke Ican taffordtogoonholidaythisyear I mbroke Alotofsmallbusinesseswentbrokeduringtherecession 经济不景气 很多小公司都倒闭了 Detailedreading1 perspective1 Detailedreading perspectiven awayofregardingsituations facts etc e g Hisfather sdeathgavehimawholenewperspectiveonlife Thenoveliswrittenfromtheperspectiveofachild Thebackgroundofthispictureisalloutofperspective Collocation in outofperspective e g Heseesthingsintheirrightperspective e g Detailedreading1 perspective2 Detailedreading Collocation put see viewsth inperspectivetocomparesomethingtootherthingssothatitcanbeaccuratelyandfairlyjudgedget keepsth inperspectivetothinkaboutasituationorprobleminawiseandreasonableway Youmustkeepthingsinperspective theoverallsituationisn treallythatbad e g Detailedreading1 take atfacevalue1 take atfacevaluetoacceptsomethingforwhatitappearstobe e g Shetookhisstoriesatfacevalueanddidnotknowhewasjoking Ifyoutakehisremarksonlyattheirfacevalue youwillnothaveunderstoodhisfullmeaning Detailedreading Detailedreading1 take atfacevalue2 Detailedreading Translation 1 如果这一生中我学会了一件事的话 那就是绝不要听什么就相信什么 2 我们不应只看到失败的表面 而要从失败中得出经验教训 IfthereisonethingIhavelearnedinlife itisnevertotakeanythingyouaretoldatfacevalue Weshouldn ttakefailuresatfacevalue Instead weshouldlearnfromourfailures Detailedreading1 beaptto1 Detailedreading beapttotohavethetendencyto e g Acarelesspersonisapttomakemistakes Mypenisratherapttoleak Synonym beinclinedtobelikelyto Detailedreading1 beaptto2 Detailedreading Translation 1 第一次来到异国的人往往感到自己周围的一切既陌生又有趣 2 正如醉汉易认为自己很是清醒 年轻人往往认为自己十分聪明 Anyonewhohascometoaforeigncountryforthefirsttimeisapttofindeverythingaroundhimbothstrangeandinteresting Youngmenareapttothinkthemselveswiseenough asdrunkenmenareapttothinkthemselvessoberenough Detailedreading1 proficiency Detailedreading proficiencyn skill ability e g Itsaidinthejobadthattheywantedproficiencyinatleasttwolanguages YouhavetotakeatestofproficiencyinEnglishbeforeyoucanapplyforthejob Derivation proficienta proficientlyad Collocation proficiencyinsth doingsth Detailedreading1 conventional conventionala traditionalandordinary e g conventionalbehavior attitudes clothes methodIfindhisartratherdullandconventional Derivation conventionn conventionallyad conventionalizev conventionalityn Antonym unconventional Detailedreading Detailedreading1 correspondto correspondtotomatch tobesimilarorequalto e g Thewingofabirdcorrespondstothearmofaman TheAmericanCongresscorrespondstotheBritishParliament Detailedreading Detailedreading1 assumption1 Detailedreading assumptionn whatisthoughttobetrueorwillhappen withoutanyrealproof e g Thesecalculationsarebasedontheassumptionthatpriceswillcontinuetorise I mworkingontheassumptionthatthemoneywillcomethrough Collocation assumptionofsth Detailedreading1 assumption2 Detailedreading Translation 1 这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的 2 看见不明飞行物时 有些人就设想在其他行星上有生命 Thetheoryisbasedonaseriesofwrongassumptions SomepeopleassumethatthereislifeonotherplanetswhentheyseeUFOs Throughthisfailure herealizedhispersonal2 Theofhisspeechisthatthisaccidentwillbringgreatimpactonthefactory sproduction 3 Hegavehiswifealuxuriouscartoherhardworkinbringingupchildren Detailedreading1 Activity Detailedreading Fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthefollowingwordsorexpressions inadequacyassumptioncorrespondtoessenceoffsetconventionalgounderperspectiveproficiencybeaptto inadequacy essence offset inadequacyassumptioncorrespondtoessenceoffsetconventionalgounderperspectiveproficiencybeaptto Detailedreading 4 Agreatmanycompaniesinthefiercefinancialrisk 5 Everyoneseesthingsfromhisorherown6 Sheliveinthecountry butherhusbandwantedtoliveinthecity 7 Tom sasaprofessoriswellknown wentunder perspective wasaptto proficiency Detailedreading1 Activity Detailedreading1 Activity Detailedreading 8 Englishisalwaysthoughttobeanation 9 Theworkingofthismachinethatofthehumanbrain 10 Theoftheirson scomingbackafterthewarprovedtobewrong conventional correspondsto assumption inadequacyassumptioncorrespondtoessenceoffsetconventionalgounderperspectiveproficiencybeaptto 我们所生活的社会就像一个零和游戏 只要有人赢 就会有人输 只要有人感到幸福 就会有人感到沮丧 从来都不存在大家都成功而没有人失落的情况 这就是成功的核心因素 Detailedreading1 Activity Detailedreading Theessenceofsuccessisthatthere sneverenoughofittogoroundinazero sumgamewhereoneperson swinningmustbeoffsetbyanother slosing oneperso