英语名词性从句知识归纳.doc

名词性从句知识归纳名词性从句是指在句子中相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句不是修饰性从句，而是复合句中的主干。e.g. That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother. （主语从句） I know that he is writing his composition in his room. （宾语从句）The question is how we can finish it on time. （表语从句）The fact that some Chinese are still poor is really a great problem. （同位语从句）名词性从句的连接词：从句有无疑问含义是否有含义连接词的作用是否引导从句是否可省略是否充当从句中的成分充当从句中的哪种成分连接词Ithat无无是一般可以否无if（只用于宾语从句中）, whether有“是否”是否否无as if/as thoughbecause（只用于表语从句中）无“好像”“因为”是否否无IIwhat, who, whom, which, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever有“什么，谁，哪个，谁的”，“任何事，任何人，任意哪个”是否是主语，宾语，表语，定语IIIwhen, where, why, how, whenever, wherever有“什么时候，地点，为什么，怎样”，“无论什么时候，无论哪里”是否是状语一、宾语从句-及物动词、介词、部分形容词（certain, sure, glad, afraid, frightened, happy, pleased, sad, sorry, surprised, upset, satisfied等）后e.g. I believe (that) he is honest. (that不充当从句内的任何成分，一般情况可省略) Im glad that you are satisfied with your job. (that不充当从句内的任何成分) He doesnt care if/whether it isnt a fine day. (if/whether不充当从句内的任何成分)Please tell me what you want. (what充当从句内的宾语)She always thinks of how she can work well. (how充当从句内的状语)I dont believe whatever he said. (whatever充当从句内的宾语，意为“任何事”)Ill take whoever wants to go. (whoever从当从句内的主语，意为“任何人”)【宾语从句要点拓展】1. that引导宾语从句时一般可以省略，若由and或or连接两个宾语从句时，第一个从句中的that可以省略，而第二个分句前的that不可省略。e.g. He told me (that) they could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice.2. whether和if引导宾语从句一般可以互换使用，但以下情况只能使用whether(1) whether可与or not连用 e.g. I want to know whether he will see the film or not.(2) 介词宾语从句要用whether e.g. I dont care about whether you have money or not.(3) that引导的宾语从句只能放于in, except, besides和but四个介词后 e.g. The Swede stood still, except that his lips moved slightly.3. 转移否定-当主句是 I/ We think (believe, consider, expect, suppose, guess, imagine) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把从句中的否定词not转移到主句中。e.g. I dont suppose (that) it is his fault, is it?4. 时态问题-宾语从句的时态常受到主句时态影响，若主句是现在时或将来时，从句可用任何所需要的时态；若主句是过去时态，从句一般用过去的某种形式，如：一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用一般现在时态。e.g. I know (that) he didnt tell you what he would come then.We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house. The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.5. 一种特殊类型的宾语从句-在这种句子里do you think等意为插入语，但实为主句，因此余下部分应用陈述语序Wh-+do you think/ believe/ consider/ suppose/ guess/ suggest/ feel/ say+余下部分?e.g. Where do you guess our art festival is to be held? Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?二、主语从句-位于句首，常用it做形式主语e.g. That he will come and help you is certain. (that不充当从句内的任何成分，不可省略)Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. (whether不充当从句内的任何成分，不能用if)What he wants to tell us is not clear. (what充当从句内的宾语)Who will win the match is still unknown. (who充当从句内的主语)Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. (where充当从句内的状语)Whatever he said was right. (whatever充当从句内的宾语)It is known to us how he became a writer. (it为形式主语，代替how引导的主语从句)【主语从句要点拓展】1. it做形式主语的结构(1) Its a pity/ a shame/ an honor/ a fact/ no wonder/ common sense/ good news that 遗憾的是（荣耀的是、事实是、难怪是、常识是，好消息是）e.g. It is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture yesterday. (2) Its clear/ right/ true/ certain/ necessary/ (un) likely/ important/ (im) possible/ obvious/ remarkable that 很清楚（正确，必要，重要，可能，值得注意等)e.g. It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.(3) It is well-known/ reported/ recorded/ estimated/ said/ believed that众所周知（据报道，据记载，据估计，据说，据人们相信)e.g. It is said that his father left him nothing.(4) It turns out/ seems/ appears/ happens/ matters) that 结果是（似乎是, 碰巧是, 重要的是） e.g. It happened (to me) that I had been away when he called.2. it做形式主语与it is(was) that强调句式的区分e.g. It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It is in the morning that the murder took place.解题方法：将it is/was that 去掉，看余下部分是否完整，若完整即为强调句式；反之为it作形式主语。三、表语从句-系动词后（常见系动词：be, look, remain, seem, appear等）e.g. The problem is that they cant get here early enough.The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.It looks as if its going to rain.The question is who (which of you) will be the next speaker.What he wants to get is whatever you have.This is where our problem lies.That is why he didnt come to the meeting.四、同位语从句-抽象名词后（从句对抽象名词进行补充说明或解释说明抽象名词的内容）e.g. The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.I have no idea when he will come back home.名词性从句高考趋势与考察重点一、语序问题-名词性从句内部一律使用陈述语序注意以下句子：e.g. I dont know what is the matter with him. I have no idea what was the matter with him. Could you tell us what was wrong/ the trouble with him yesterday?二、从句中的虚拟语气问题1. 主语从句：(1) It is important/ natural/ necessary/ essential/ strange/ that (should) do (2) It is suggested/ advised/ demanded/ ordered/ requested that (should) doe.g. It is important that every student (should) learn a foreign language. It is suggested that students (should) check their answers before handing in the paper.2. 宾语从句：在表示“命令、要求、建议、决定”等意义的动词后的宾语从句常用“（should）+ do” 【insist（坚持），order, urge, command（命令），require, request, demand（要求），advise, suggest, propose, recommend（建议）】e.g. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. The doctor suggested that he (should) give up smoking.3. 表语从句：当主句的主语为order, command, requirement, request, demand, advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation等名词时，表语从句的谓语动词用“ (should) do”的形式。e.g. My advice is that you (should) take more physical exercise.4. 同位语从句：用于解释order, command, requirement, request, demand, advice, suggestion, proposal, recommendation等名词的同位语从句中常用“(should) do”结构e.g. English teachers give advice that we (should) make good use of every chance to speak English.三、连接词的选择问题1. doubt-doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。e.g. I doubt whether he told the truth. I dont doubt that he told the truth.The doctors doubt is whether my mother will recover from the disease soonI have no doubt that Tom is a talented actor.2. sure-be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether引导的名词性从句。e.g. Im sure that Ive found the answer to this question. Are you sure that youve found the answer to this question.Im not sure whether Ive found the answer to this question.3. 主语是reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because：e.g. The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.4. what和that- that在从句中不充当成分，不含疑问意义，而what在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，且含有疑问意义。e.g. That Tom fell off his chair by accident got the classmates laughing.What Tom learned in university helps him a lot in his job.=All that Tom learned in university helps him a lot in his job.5. 连接词wh-和wh-ever选择-前者表示一个特指概念，引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义；后者表示一个泛指概念，意为“任何”，引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句。e.g. It was a matter of who would take the position. Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interests. (=anyone who shares her interests.)They will do whatever he wants them to do. (=anything that he wants them to do)6. This/ That is why和This/ That is becausee.g. The reason why I came late is that my car broke down on the half way.He came late. Thats because his car broke down.His car broke down on the half way. Thats why he came late.7. 几个特殊句型之间的转换It is known to all that China has joined the WTO. （主语从句，it做形式主语）As is known to all, China has joined the WTO. （as引导的非限制性定语从句） What is known to all is that China has joined the WTO. （主语从句和表语从句）四、it的问题1. it做形式主语（注意与强调句式的辨别）e.g. It was my fault that I had him play football all afternoon.It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.2. it做形式宾语- V + it + adj./ n. + to do/宾从 (V可以为make, find, feel, think, believe, consider , guess, suppose等)e.g. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day. She has made it clear that everyone should write a composition.【固定结构】take it for granted that 认为是理所当然的 see to it that 一定注意到，务必 I hate/ dislike it when 我讨厌时 e.g. Some students take it for granted that they will pass the exams. Will you please see to it that the children get a hot meal after their swimming? I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.五、同位语从句和定语从句的区分e.g. The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong（同位语从句，that在从句中不充当成分，不可省略，从句具体说明idea的内容）。The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong(定语从句，that代替idea在从句中做put forward的宾语，that可以省略)。The suggestion that we discuss the problem all over again is a good one. The suggestion that he gave at the meeting was a good one.【名词性从句的解题思路】：高考中考查名词性从句时，经常考查连接词的选用。解题时应先判断从句的类型，然后判断从句是否缺少成分以及意义是否完整，最后根据引导名词性从句的连词的特点确定特定的连接词。