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Unit 6 Wit and fitListening to the worldSharingScriptsF = FinnPart 1F: Often its hard to find a time to exercise when you have a full-time job. Lots of my friendsbelong to gyms but I prefer to go running outside to keep fit. How about you? What do you doto keep fit?M1 = Man 1, etc.; W1 = Woman 1, etc.Part 2M1: Uh I do quite a few things actually. Um, I go to the gym quite regularly. I go for runs. Er,Im also a little bit involved in the sport of rowing. So, Im down there quite a bit. I coach,actually coach rowing as well.W1: I have three children, and I work full-time. And I dont have a lot of time to do any extraorganized exercise.W2: Er, the main thing I do is I do practice yoga, that incorporates different positions as well asmeditation, and different breathing techniques.M2: Usually, I ride my bike, like I got here. And I go to the gym more or less three to four times aweek. And I also watch what I eat.W3: I dance, and I do yoga and I just try to be as active as possible enjoy nature also.M3: I try and walk everywhere because, um, I dont really enjoy running.W4: I have quite a hectic lifestyle as a musician but I do try to keep fit going to the gym, yogaclasses, Pilates classes, er, sometimes running, and generally keeping active.W5: Im a police officer, so I have quite an active job. Um, I can spend 8 or 12 hours doing footpatrol, um, walking round the streets of London so I suppose that keeps me quite fit.Part 3F: What other things would you like to do to keep fit?M1: Id love to get involved with some team sports. I really enjoy, sort of, the team aspect of sport.Er, particularly I think Id like to get into hockey.W1: Id quite like to learn how to play tennis properly. Er, its probably one of the only sports thatIm interested in; its something I would watch on TV.M2: I would like to run, but, er my legs are, are not running legs, so I prefer to cycle.W3: I would like to learn to rock climb.M3: I would actually like to join a rowing club, er, but unfortunately I dont have time and it is alittle bit expensive.W4: I really enjoy getting out of London at the weekend and going sailing.W5: When I was at university, um, I got quite into swing dancing, which is very like jive, 1940sjazz dancing. Er, Id quite like to take that up again since its an easy way of keeping fit, andyou meet a lot of people.Part 4F: Do you do anything that isnt very healthy?M1: Um, I have a bit of a sweet tooth. Um, I love dessert, and I love to eat, er, sweet things.W4: I definitely drink too much coffee, and I do like chocolate as well.W2: Eating late is really bad for you so I try and avoid that as much as I can, although it doeshappen quite regularly.W1: I love chocolate, and I probably eat too much of it.W5: Um, because of my shift work, I eat a lot of fast food, er, especially in the early hours of themorning.W3: Gosh, I dont know. Im a vegetarian. I dont drink. I dont smoke. I dont drink caffeine.M3: I eat far too many crisps, and chocolate and biscuits. And because I bake, I also eat a lot ofcake.ListeningScriptsI = Interviewer; W = WomanI: Can you tell us a little about superfoods?W: Well, um, superfoods include tomatoes, broccoli and spinach.I: Hmm.W: These have lots of vitamins, and they are really good for you.I: Right.W: Anyway, they may improve our health, but I dont think superfoods will be the answer to oureating problems in the future.I: Can you tell us why not?W: Well, the most important thing is to eat healthy food every day.I: Um, right.W: And this is more important than the idea of superfoods. Eating an apple a day is better for youthan eating a kilo of spinach one day a week.I: I see. So what youre saying is I: Theres been a lot of talk about food pills.W: Yes.I: Are they healthier than other types of food? Could they be the food of the future?W: Well, in the past astronauts ate a type of food pill when they were in space. It was dried foodand they added water to it.I: Right.W: But I dont think food pills will replace normal food.I: Right. Whys that? For health reasons or social reasons?W: Well, cooking and eating together is an important part of family life and it always will be. Yousit down together at a table and you eat and talk. Its a very old tradition, and eating pills isntthe same.I: Hmm, so we wont eat only food pills?W: Food pills might become more popular, but no, we wont eat only food pills in the future.I: Well, thats interesting because I was reading about W: In the future we may have special food that can change its flavor.I: Can you give an example?W: For example, imagine you like chocolate ice cream, but your friend likes strawberry. You eatthe same ice cream but it will taste different for both of you.I: The same food that tastes different for different people W: Youll think its chocolate ice cream and your friend will say its strawberry. It might happenwith drinks, too. You take a bottle of liquid out of the fridge. You press the button which says“coffee” or “lemonade” or “hot chocolate”. You put the bottle in the microwave and the liquidbecomes the drink that you choose.I: So it starts off as the same food or drink, but then we change its flavor by pushing a button.W: Thats right. Just by pushing a button.I: So how does it work?W: Well, this is possible because of nanotechnology. The technology might not replace normaldrinks and food, but it may become common in the future.I: And nanotechnology is something thats used in different areas of science ViewingScriptsB = Ronnie Barker; C = Ronnie CorbettB: I say, that was, that was really jolly good that was. I must say I really enjoyed that. Thanksvery much.C: Thats fine. Fine.B: I say, its, its a super game, isnt it? I, I cant understand why Ive never tried it before.Absolutely lovely. I loved it. But thanks to you, old boy, of course, from now on, I shall be adedicated squish player.C: Squash.B: Pardon?C: The game is called “squash”.B: Oh squash, yes, thats right. Im sorry. Um who actually won? I mean, I couldnt quitegrasp the scoring mechanism. I mean, did I, did I win?C: Yes, you yes, you won, you won.B: Oh, thats good. How many goals did I get?C: Goals?!B: Well, you know, er thingies, er whatever runs .C: Points!B: runs ah, points!C: Points!B: Points, yes.C: Points.B: How many points did I get?C: Well, the score was, if you want to know, game-love, game-love, game-love, game-love.You see?B: Yes.C: You won four games to love!B: Oh, I see. So, I got four and you got love.C: Yeah.B: I see. But how many is love?C: Love is nothing.B: Oh no, no. Thats not right, Im sure, because Im sure you got a goal, earlier on, right at thebeginning.C: A point!B: A point, I mean.C: A point, yes, well of course I did. That was when you B: Oh, I know, I was holding the thing by the wrong end. I must remember, hold the bat by thethin end.C: The racket!B: Racket, I mean.C: The racket!B: Yes.C: This is this is a ball.B: Yes.C: The game is called “squash”.B: Yes.C: Lets start from basic principles.B: Yes.C: The whole thing is called “squash”.B: Squash.C: This is a ball.B: Yes.C: This is a . racket when you do that. Thats what that is. That is a racket.B: I see. Will it work now youve done that?C: Ah I dont much care, to be honest. I mean Im not going to be playing squash anymoreever!B: Oh, I say. Thats a pity, because I was hoping we could have another game next week. I mean,I can, I thought, well you know, I thought I might get a bit better.C: A bit better? A bit better?! Look matey, Im the secretary of this squash club. You know. I, I, Imean, I captain the A-team. You know. Im one of the best players round here, as a matter offact. You know, I won the area finals last year, all that sort of thing, you know. You know, Imgood. You know, good. And you come along here, if I may say so. Youve never played thegame before. Youre vastly overweight, if I may say so. Youre very slow on the court. Youvegone out on that court, and youve thrashed me. Youve pounded me into the ground. Youpulverized me, in front of my friends, four games to love! Well, how do you do it?B: Beginners luck?C: Its a fluke. Thats what it is, a fluke, matey. It wont happen again. Ill tell you what Itwont happen the next time.B: No, well, there wont be a next time, will there? Because youve broken your rocket.C: My racket! Ill get a new one. I dont care. Ill get a new one. Look, mate. Ill get a new one,and tomorrow morning, here, 10 oclock, things will be different!B: Oh no, no. Sorry, old boy. No, not tomorrow. No can do.C: What do you mean, “No can do”?B: Ive got to go up to a place called Lords tomorrow. Ive got to play a game called “cracket” orsomething.Speaking for communicationRole-playScriptsConversation 1D = Doctor; W = WomanD: Hello. Im Dr. Andrews. Now, whats the matter?W: Well, doctor, I feel terrible. I get these headaches and I feel sick.D: Oh. How long have you had this problem?W: A few weeks now. And I cant sleep at night because my head hurts.D: You cant sleep?W: Thats right.D: And are you very worried or under pressure at the moment?W: No, I dont think so.D: Do you have a healthy diet?W: Hmm. Quite healthy.D: Do you drink tea or coffee?W: Yes, I do.D: How much?W: Tea? Er probably about eight cups, or ten.D: A day?W: Yes.D: I see. And has that changed in the last few weeks?W: Not really.D: OK. Well the first thing is I think you should stop drinking so much tea and coffee. Try todrink just one small cup a day. Ill give you some painkillers for the headaches. Take two ofthese three times a day. I dont think its anything to worry about, but if your headachescontinue Conversation 2D = Doctor; M = ManD: Good morning. How can I help?M: Well, Im worried about my foot.D: Your foot?M: Yes. It hurts when I walk.D: I see. Did you do anything to it? Did you have an accident?M: Um. Well, sort of.D: What happened?M: I kicked a wall.D: I see. When did you do that?M: About a week ago.D: OK. Did you go to hospital?M: No.D: Can I have a look?M: Yes, of course.D: Where does it hurt? Here?M: Argh. Yes, there.D: Can you move it?M: Yes, a little, but its very painful.D: Hmm. I think it might be broken. Its nothing to worry about, but I think you should go to thehospital for an X-ray. Ill write you a note and if you just take this Group discussionScriptsA: Does exercise make you feel relaxed?B: Yes, I think it really does. Sometimes its difficult to find time to exercise, but I play footballafter work on a Monday, and I play tennis at the weekend, and I feel so much better. If I dontplay one week, I feel terrible. So, yes, doing sport makes you feel really good. You feel muchbetter, and more relaxed.A: How much exercise do you do in a week?C: In a week, well I probably do about two or three hours of exercise, maybe more. I go to thegym once or twice, if I have time, and I sometimes go swimming. Oh, and I ride my bike at theweekend, so actually, probably three or four hours a week. More than I thought. Yeah, fourhours, thats OK.A: Do you have a sporting hero?D: Oh yes, Pel. Hes a hero, not just for me, but probably for all Brazilians. I think he is one ofthe greatest football players ever. He was such a good athlete, and he had so much talent. Hewas “King of Football”, and scored more goals for Brazil than anyone else. And he was bornvery poor. You know he didnt have money for a football so he used to practice kicking agrapefruit, or a sock stuffed with paper.A: How much do you walk a day?E: Oh my goodness. Well, I suppose. I dont walk very much actually. I um I drive, the careverywhere. Thats terrible, isnt it? Um. Yes, I probably only walk about, about maybe fiveminutes every day.Further practice in listeningShort conversationsScriptsConversation 1W: Sorry. I have a project to do and I will have to stay at work until 6 oclock. So I cant make it to the bar at 5:30.M: OK. Then lets meet at the cinema 10 minutes before the movie starts.Q: What is the woman going to do with the man in the evening?Conversation 2M: Sallys been doing yoga for three months to lose weight. But I wonder how she can succeed when she eats like that.W: Oh, poor Sally. She really should watch her diet and try to eat something less fatty.Q: What do we learn about Sally?Conversation 3W: We use flexible time in our company. That is, early risers can begin work at 7 a.m. and finish at 3 p.m. while late sleepers need not go to work until 10 a.m. but they must work until 6 in the evening.M: Thats cool for a night owl like me.Q: At what time is the man most likely to go to work?Conversation 4M: Youve been working so hard. I know you dont want to rest because you love your job. But remember what people say: Relax or die.W: Thanks for caring so much. But, really, Im feeling fine. I dont need time off.Q: What does the woman mean?Conversation 5W: Do you know John has got straight As in the final exams? Hes been taking 6 courses this term and working more than 20 hours a week.M: Good for John! How he can balance work and study so well is really beyond me.Q: What does the man mean?Long conversationScriptsM: So Mary, I heard you were thinking about doing a triathlon?W: Thats right. But you know triathlons are tough with the three events: swimming, then cycling and finally running! My sister, Jennifer, did a triathlon last year and loved it! So, I decided to give it a try.M: Good for you! I did my first triathlon back in college six years ago. Now, I do at least one triathlon every year. It keeps me fit and healthy with regular swimming, cycling, and running. So do you have a favorite of the three events?W: Yes! Definitely running. I started running back in high school and loved it! I woke up at six a.m. every morning and then ran three miles. Now that Im training for the triathlon Im loving waking up at six a.m. and running again.M: Not me! Running is my worst event! I get bored when I run. I start daydreaming about other things and forget where Im going! Two times last week I made a wrong turn and almost got lost!W: For me, its swimming. Swimming pools are fine but triathlons take place in lakes. And Im scared that a giant fish will eat me!M: What?! Come on! There arent any giant people-eating fish in lakes and even the small fish will be scared away when hundreds of people from the triathlon are swimming there all at the same time!Q1: Why did the woman decide to do a triathlon?Q2: When did the man first do a triathlon?Q3: How does the man feel about running?Q4: Why doesnt the woman like swimming in the triathlon?Passage 1ScriptsHappiness increases when we experience more positive emotions throughout the day.Fredrickson, a leader in the field of psychology, identifies 10 positive emotions, including joy, interest, hope, pride, amusement, inspiration, love and so on. How often we experience these positive emotions compared to negative emotions in a day affects not only our mood, but also our physical health. She has discovered that those who have a 3:1 ratio of positive to negative emotions on a daily basis are happier and healthier.Sadly, most people, even those who consider themselves positive people, are way below that ratio. The good news is you can learn to increase your ratio of being positive, which leads to greater happiness, health and success.Research shows that by increasing positive emotions, we become more creative, perform better at tasks, and have better relationships. The most exciting finding is that we now have proof that self-generated positive emotions can improve our physical health.Nevertheless, we dont want to get rid of all negative feelings. Negative emotions are proper and helpful sometimes. Its appropriate to feel sad about the loss of a loved one. Anger often pushes us into action to improve a situation or correct a mistake. However, if you find yourselfwaiting impatiently when the driver in front of you doesnt instantly notice the light turns green, or if you find yourself scolding your kids for laughing too loud while you are on the phone, youare having negative feelings in your daily life too often. Then you should step back and analyze those feelings, and turn them around.Q1: What is the ratio of positive to negative emotions that can make a person happier?Q2: What is the most exciting finding about increasing positive emotions?Q3: What does the speaker say about negative feelings?Q4: What is the main idea of the passage?Passage 2Scripts and answersThere are many factors that affect a persons sleep. Stress is the number one cause of short-term sleeping difficulties. Stressful situations include school- or job-related 1) pressures, and serious illness in the family. Usually the sleeping problems 2) disappear when the stressful situations pass. However, if short-term sleeping problems are not managed properly from the beginning, they can last long and thus 3) compromise good health.Unhealthy habits may lead to sleeping problems too. Drinking coffee or 4) alcohol in the afternoon or evening, exercising close to bedtime, following an irregular morning and nighttime schedule, and working or doing other mentally 5) intense activities right before or after gettinginto bed can interrupt sleep. Traveling also 6) interferes with sleep, especially traveling across several time zones. This can 7) undermine your biological rhythms and cause sleep disorders such as trouble falling asleep and trouble remaining asleep. Environmental factors such as a room thats too hot or cold, too noisy or too bright can be anobstacle to sound sleep. Other influences to 8) pay attention to are the comfort and size of your bed and the habits of your sleep partner. If you have to sleep beside someone who has different sleeping habits, breathes in a noisy way, or 9) suffers from other sleeping difficulties, it oftenbecomes your problem too! Having a 24/7 lifestyle can also interrupt regular sleep patterns. Industries are working round the clock to be 10) competitive, so some people have to work at night; with nonstop automatic communication systems, people are communicating day and night. All these make sleeping at regular times difficult.
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