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Unit 1 Living well一、课前基础自查(一)分类记单词省时高效.阅读单词(知其意)1hearing n. 听力；听觉2eyesight n. 视力3dictation n. 口授；听写(的文字)4entry n. 项目；进入；入口5clumsy adj. 笨拙的6bench n. 长凳7firm n. 公司adj. 结实的；坚固的；坚定的8psychology n. 心理(学)9psychologically adv. 心理(学)地；精神上地10politics n. 政治(学)11abolish vt. 废除；废止12slavery n. 奴隶制13literature n. 文学(作品)；著作；文献14panion n. 同伴；伙伴15certificate n. 证书16abolition n. 废除；废止17.architect n建筑师18outwards adv. 向外19dignity n. 尊严；高贵的品质20software n. 软件.重点单词(写其形)1noisy adj. 吵闹的；嘈杂的2outgoing adj. 外向的；友好的；外出的；离开的3adapt vt. 使适应；改编4fellow adj. 同伴的；同类的n. 同伴；同志；伙伴5conduct n. 行为；品行vt. 指挥；管理；主持6graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼7handy adj. 方便的；有用的8munity n. 社区；团体；社会9profit n. 收益；利润；盈利10resign vi. &vt. 辞职；辞去(工作；职位等)11adequate adj. 足够的；充分的 .拓展单词(知其变)1suitable adj.适合的；适宜的suit v适合 n西服；套装2beneficial adj.有益的；受益的benefit n优势；益处 v对有益3disability n伤残；无力；无能disabled adj.伤残的；残疾的able adj.有能力的enable v使能够ability n能力4ambition n雄心；野心；夙愿ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的5absence n缺席；不在某处absent adj.缺席的；不在的6annoy vt.使不悦；惹恼annoyed adj.颇为生气的annoying adj.使人烦恼的annoyance n烦恼7encouragement n鼓励；奖励encourage v鼓励；鼓舞encouraging adj.鼓舞人心的encouraged adj.受鼓舞的discourage v阻止；使灰心courage n勇气；胆量8assistance n协助；援助assist v帮助；援助assistant n助手9congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺congratulation n祝贺；贺词10access n(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的11approval n赞成；认可approve v支持；赞成；同意disapprove v不赞成；反对语境活用1For a long time, mental disability was considered shameful and the mentally disabled received little treatment or respect.(disabled)2At the school meeting, the encouraging speech given by the headmaster made students greatly encouraged. Thanks to his encouragement,_students studied harder than before. (encourage)3Robert is a very ambitious man and one of his ambitions is to travel in Antarctic.(ambition)4My friends talking with full food in his mouth annoyed me. Although I am annoyed with him about his annoying habit, he cant get rid of it. (annoy)5Ms. Li is a good assistant,_whose assistance benefits us a lot, and she is assisting us in making chemical experiments in the lab now. (assist)6As we all know, fresh air is beneficial to our health and the new park benefits us all, so we should keep it clean. (benefit)7Over half of the students in our class approved of another basketball match with Class Two, but their approval was disapproved by our PE teacher. (approve)(二)练中记短语记牢用活写准记牢语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)1.in_other_words换句话说2adapt_to 适合；适应3cut_out 切去；省略；停止(做某事)4out_of_breath 上气不接下气5all_in_all 总而言之6sit_around 闲坐着7as_well_as 和；也8in_many_ways 在很多方面9make_fun_of 取笑10never_mind 不必担心；没关系；不要紧11all_the_best (口语)(祝你)一切顺利12meet_with 遇到；经历；会晤1.Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard; in_other_words,_you failed.2Scientists think life on Mars will be better than that on Earth in_many_ways.3Most students have a little difficulty in adapting_to the social life after graduating from university.4When the children climbed up to the top of the mountain, they were all out_of_breath.5Not until he met_with so much difficulty did he realize the importance of team work.6All_in_all,_traveling is the best choice to recharge ourselves and get ready for the new challenges.(三)仿写明句式以用为本教材原句句式解读句式仿写1.Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. 有时候我的身体也太虚弱，上不了学，因此落下了很多功课。too . to . “太而不能”。对于许多学生来说，如此负担太沉重了，让人难以承受。For many students such burden would be_too_heavy_to_bear.2.I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 我的生活很充实，没有时间闲坐着顾影自怜。现在分词短语作伴随状语。(2018全国卷书面表达)欢迎大家来参加，欣赏电影，并发表自己的意见。Everyone of you will be wele to take part in it, enjoying_the_movie_and_giving_your_own_ments.3.For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema. 在影院入口处的附近安排厕所会让残疾人顾客感觉更加方便。it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式。(2018全国卷书面表达)首先，早到20分钟会更好，这样可以帮助主人准备晚餐。To begin with, it_would_be_better_to_arrive_20_minutes_earlier,_so that you can help the host prepare the dinner.二、课堂重点深化1adapt vt.使适应；改编 自主体验单句语法填空Thirdculture kids may not be able to adapt themselves pletely to their new surroundings as expected.Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday.The famous expert adapted his speech to_suit (suit) the interests of his audience.系统归纳(1)adapt to适应；适合adapt oneself to 使自己适应adapt . to do . 调整以做(2)adapt . from . 根据改编adapt . for . 把改写/改编成(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本重点强化易错对对碰(adapt/adopt)Children adapt to a new environment more easily than adults.It occurred to her that she might adopt a homeless child.佳句时时写(2018北京高考书面表达)参加一些网络汉语口语课程可以帮助你适应汉语的语言环境。Taking some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to_adapt_to_the_Chinese_language_environment.2absence n缺席；不在某处自主体验单句语法填空He could not account for his absence(absent)from school, so the teacher was angry.Dear Miss, I am writing to apologize to you for being absent from the activity of the English club on May 5th.系统归纳(1)absence from缺席；不在absence of mind 心不在焉in ones absence 某人不在时in the absence of 由于缺乏(2)absent adj. 缺席的；心不在焉的be absent from 不参加；缺席absentminded adj. 心不在焉的；健忘的重点强化佳句时时写(2017浙江高考写作)如果妈妈不那么健忘的话，我们不会那么麻烦，一次次回来。If_Mom_hadnt_been_that_absentminded,_it would have saved us the trouble of going back again and again.3annoy vt.使不悦；惹恼自主体验单句语法填空The boss was annoyed with him because he was often late for work this month. It was really annoying (annoy); I couldnt get access to the data bank you had remended.I was annoyed at/about his attitude towards the thing.系统归纳(1)annoyed adj.颇为生气的；恼火的be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气(2)annoying adj. 使人烦恼的重点强化易错对对碰(annoyed/annoying)The annoyed neighbors feel angry with the annoying noise.佳句时时写(2016江苏书面表达)说实话，选民有时候颇为生气，不是因为他们讨厌投票，而是因为他们在情感和公平之间存在分歧。To_be_honest,_voters_sometimes_feel_annoyed,_not because they hate voting, but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.4congratulate vt.祝贺；庆贺自主体验单句语法填空I think its necessary for us to_congratulate (congratulate) you on the excellent design of the new bridge.Congratulations to you on your receiving the first prize of English speech contest.系统归纳(1)congratulate . on .就向祝贺congratulate . for . 因而祝贺(2)congratulation npl. 祝贺；贺词；恭贺congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事send/offer congratulations to sb. on sth.祝贺某人某事重点强化佳句时时写(用congratulations on . 改写句子)(2017全国卷书面表达)I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese.Congratulations_on_your_making_great_progress_in_learning_Chinese. 5access n(接近的)方法；通路；可接近性；(使用某物或接近某人的)机会或权利vt.存取；访问自主体验写出下列句中access的词性和含义To sum up, low price, easy access to information and wide use make students use puters a lot. n使用的机会The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. n通路If all this information bees even easier to access, is there an even greater risk of distraction？vt.访问系统归纳(1)have/get/gain (no) access to有(没有)的机会；可以(无法)获取/进入/接近(2)accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的be accessible to 可接近；可靠近；可使用重点强化易错对对碰(access/accessible)Before the Hope Project was carried out in this poor area, children had no access to education.Buchan succeeded in making a different subject accessible to readers.佳句时时写(2018北京高考书面表达)鉴于你对中国文化很感兴趣，我建议你申请北京大学，在那里你可以接触到中国最好的传统文化。Considering your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, where_you_can_gain_access_to_the_best_traditional_Chinese_culture.1in other words换句话说自主体验单句语法填空Word came that the 2024 Olympic Games will be held in Paris, France.She hoped he would keep his word. But her hope was a fragile thing.系统归纳word es/came that .有消息传来说in a word 总之；简言之keep ones word 遵守诺言break ones word 失信；不守诺言have a word with . 与谈一谈have words with . 与争吵重点强化易错对对碰(have a word with/have words with ) He just wanted to have_a_word_with his wife, but he got so angry during the conversation and finally they had_words_with each other.佳句时时写(用word相关短语翻译句子)总之，我相信未来我的生活会更加富有，更加多姿多彩。In_a_word,_I_believe_my_life_will_be_much_richer_and_more_colorful_in_the_future.(2018浙江高考写作)我们不知道身在何处。换句话说，我们根本回不到原来那条路上。We_had_no_idea_where_we_were.In_other_words,_we_couldnt_get_back_along_the_original_track_at_all.2out of breath上气不接下气系统归纳(1)hold ones breath屏住呼吸catch ones breath 喘息；屏息lose ones breath 喘不过气来take a deep breath 深呼吸(2)breathe v. 呼吸重点强化用法条条清(用breath的相关短语填空)When he hurried to the railway station, tired and out_of_breath,_Mike found the train had just left.He entered the house, but soon had to run back to catch_his_breath.Tom lay still on the ground and held_his_breath when the bear came to him.佳句时时写大约两小时后，我们都到了山顶。尽管(累得)上气不接下气，然而我们看到了美丽的风景。About 2 hours later, we all reached the top.Though_out_of_breath,_we were_rewarded_with_beautiful_scenery.3现在分词短语作状语教材原句I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling_sorry_for_myself.自主体验(2018全国卷书面表达)The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting_2_hours,_from 4：00 to 6：00.这部影片将在本周日下午放映，持续两个小时，从4：00到6：00。(2017天津高考)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing_more_patients_to_be_treated.近期这家医院得到了新的医疗设备，使得更多的病人得到治疗。Having_worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.工作了两天，史蒂夫按时完成了报告。Class being over, the children went home.一放学，孩子们就回家了。All audience having_taken their seats, the play began.所有观众就座之后，戏剧开始。The work done,_we went home.工作完成后，我们就回家了。归纳点拨用法规则(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等，可相当于一个状语从句。(2)现在分词(短语)作状语，含有一般式(doing)、完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。(3)一般情况下，现在或过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语，构成独立结构。注意事项(1)现在分词作状语时，如果表示否定，not放在现在分词前面。(2)是用现在分词还是过去分词作状语的关键，首先是要分清与逻辑主语之间的关系，是主动还是被动，其次是分清楚其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。佳句背诵(增分要点句)(2018北京高考书面表达)Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really absorbed in charming tea culture.(增分要点句)(2018天津高考书面表达)Knowing you have just won first place in the Robotics petition, I would like to invite you to join us.本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“积极的生活态度”子话题相对应一、话题语素积累多一点话题词汇记一记子话题(一)残疾温故浅易词汇usedisableddesignrespect feeling consideraccept offer ignore识记生疏词汇disability n残疾 handy adj.方便的wheelchair n轮椅 special adj.专门的opportunity n机会 dignity n尊严convenient adj.方便的 convenience n方便access n方法；途径 entrance n入口physical adj.身体的 mental adj.精神的prejudice n偏见 discrimination n歧视子话题(二)积极的生活态度温故浅易词汇honest frank outgoing kindfriendly reliable humor responsiblepatient devoted hardworking appreciate识记生疏词汇positive adj.积极乐观的ambitious adj.有雄心壮志的optimistic adj.乐观的 creative adj.富有创造力的independent adj.独立的 productive adj.富有成效的faithful adj.忠诚的 energetic adj.精力充沛的 diligent adj.勤奋的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的sensible adj.明智的 modest adj.谦虚的；适度的 generous adj.慷慨的；宽宏大量的welleducated adj.受过良好教育的常用词块忆一忆suffer from遭受之苦relieve the pain 减轻痛苦operate on 给做手术be in high spirits 兴高采烈；情绪高涨lead a .life 过着的生活worn out 疲惫不堪的；累坏的public facilities 公共设施care about 关心；在乎be concerned about 关心within easy reach 很容易拿到protect .from . 保护以免于go through 经历；遭受写作佳句背一背Considering the needs of disabled people, I suggest public facilities should be carefully designed to ensure they can have easy access to them. Not only do they need respect and fairness, but also they are dying to be treated equally.In conclusion, we should provide them with convenience to make them feel cared and respected no matter where they go.二、“分步写作”表达准一点话题应用文分步写作假定你是李华，你市将建一个大型图书馆，考虑到残疾人的需要，请你写一封信给负责该项目的总建筑师，提出一些合理化建议。要点如下：1入口处应建设残疾人专用坡道(ramp)。2阅览室应尽量设在一楼。3书架高度的设计应考虑到坐轮椅的残疾人。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点1审题：文体：建议信人称：主要是第一和第二人称时态：一般现在时和一般将来时2本文可从以下三个方面拟点：开头点出写信目的(听说对方要设计新的图书馆，写信提出自己的建议)。中间部分是文章的重点，具体陈述建议，可从在图书馆入口处设置残疾人专用坡道；把阅览室设在一楼；对书架高度的建议三个要点来构思。该部分要点表达要力求准确，灵活且不得遗漏。结尾表达自己的期望(希望建议实用且有益)。要点1：我听说您要成为我们城市新的大型图书馆的总建筑师。I_have_heard_that_you_are_to_be_the_chief_architect_for_the_new_big_library_in_our_city.要点1：我想提出几条建议。I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions.要点2：我建议应该在图书馆的入口处设置专门的轮椅坡道。I_suggest_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_be_designed_at_the_entrance_to_the_library.要点2：阅览室应该设在一楼。Reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor.要点2：希望书架不能太高，不然坐在轮椅上的人够不着。(too .to .)Book_shelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach.要点3：我希望您会发现这些建议实用又有益。I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使内容更充实，我们需要对相关要点进行适度升级拓展。如：要点1补充现在分词作状语，用“考虑到残疾人的需要”来表达对残疾人的关怀。拓展要点1：考虑到残疾人的需要，我想提出几条建议。(现在分词作状语)Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡本建议信可采用“三段式”结构组织全文。注意各个要点之间的衔接要流畅自然，可采用一些过渡词to begin with， besides， in addition做好文章的衔接过渡。Dear_Sir_or_Madam，I_have_heard_that_you_are_to_be_the_chief_architect_for_the_new_big_library_in_our_city.Considering_the_needs_of_disabled_people,_I_would_like_to_offer_several_suggestions.To_begin_with,_I_suggest_a_special_ramp_for_wheelchairs_be_designed_at_the_entrance_to_the_library.Besides,_reading_rooms_should_be_placed_on_the_first_floor.In_addition,_book_shelves_are_expected_not_to_be_too_high_for_people_in_wheelchairs_to_reach.I_hope_you_will_find_these_suggestions_practical_and_beneficial.Yours_faithfully，Li_Hua一、复现单元考点增强备考信心.高考中的语法填空1(2018全国卷)Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying (annoy) and unnecessary. 2(2017全国卷) Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible (access), and preserve its history and culture. 3(2017全国卷)Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making (make) fun of each other but always with an underlying affection. 4(2017全国卷)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education. 5(2017全国卷)Not only can playing pingpong build up your body but also shape your character. Additionally, it can help you make more friends, which is essentially beneficial (benefit) to you.6(2017全国卷)In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. 7(2017江苏高考)So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.8(2016全国卷)One more look and he noticed flames shooting out from under the disabled (disability) vehicle. .高考中的完形填空(选用annoy, conduct, graduation, literature填空)1(2017全国卷完形填空)Through the years, Id run into former students who would provide updates on old classmates. I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his _52_ from high school and remained the same caring person I met forty years before. graduation2(2017全国卷完形填空)Just last year, I was _56_ a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door. A woman excused the interruption and handed me an envelope.conducting3(2016全国卷完形填空)Rani, my faceless agent whom Id never met in person, got me rockbottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really _28_ me. I sometimes wished to find another agent.annoyed4(2013安徽高考完形填空)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a practical reason, such as your job or your studies？Or perhaps youre interested in the _38_， films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a knowledge of the language.literature二、复现话题词汇提高阅读准度新高考下的命题新视角：即使身患残疾，也不能自怨自艾，也要有健康的生活方式、积极的生活态度。只要有一颗勇敢坚强的心，定能克服困难，活出精彩的人生。关于“真善美”以及“正能量”是高考不变的话题，关注社会倡导的健康的生活方式，多留心身边发生的正面故事。话题感悟学习目标 语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深(加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)1Many people who have a disability dont let it prevent them from leading full and rich lives. Below is a list of such disabled people.2Stephen Hawking is probably one of the worlds best known high achievers with a disability. He is an internationally renowned mathematician who suffers from Motor Neurone Disease. At 35 he was Cambridges first Gravitational Physics Professor and received the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics Award. He has written a best selling book which was later made into a film called A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to Black Holes.3Franklin Delano Roosevelt became the 32nd President of the United States. He got Polio in 1921 which left him paralyzed from the waist down. He established a foundation to help others with it and directed the March of Dimes program which eventually funded an effective vaccine.4David Blunkett was an MP, Education Secretary, Home Secretary and Secretary of State for Work and Pensions at various times. He has been blind since birth and has never let this fact hold him back in any aspect of his life.5Tanni Grey Thompson OBE is probably the best known disabled athlete, representing Britain in distances from 100 m to 800 m. She has won 14 Paralympic medals including 9 gold medals and she has broken over 20 records. She has also won 5 London Marathons as a wheelchair athlete and has bee a TV presenter.6Francisco Goya (17461828) was a Spanish painter who suffered an illness which left him deaf at 46. He went on to create some of the best known Spanish art of the 19th Century. He provided inspiration for the work of later artists including Picasso and Monet.语篇解读：文中的五个人都是身残志坚的人，他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的故事告诉我们“有志者事竟成”这个道理。1What do the above five people have in mon?AThey were all people who lived a terrible life.BThey were all great people in the science field.CThey were all great disabled people in America.DThey were all disabled people who achieved a lot.解析：选D细节理解题。通读全文，可知文章中的五个人都是身体有残疾，但取得了了不起的成就的人，故选D。2Whats the meaning of the underlined word “Polio” in Paragraph 3 ?AAccident.BPoison.CDisease. DOperation.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第三段中“which left him paralyzed from the waist down”可推断Polio 是一种能导致人身体的某些部位瘫痪的疾病，故选C项。3From Paragraph 4, we know that David Blunketts blindness _.Amade him lose heart at firstBoften separated him from other peopleCheld him back in many aspects of his lifeDdidnt prevent him from succeeding in life解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中“He has been blind since birth and has never let this fact hold him back in any aspect of his life.”可知 David Blunkett虽然双目失明，但这并没有影响他在人生中取得成功，故选D项。4Which of the following disabled people achieved a lot in the field of mathematics?AFrancisco GoyaBStephen HawkingCFranklin Delano RooseveltDTanni Grey Thompson OBE解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中“He is an internationally renowned mathematician who suffers from Motor Neurone Disease.”可知Stephen Hawking 在数学领域取得了非凡的成就，故选B项。学习目标 题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透掌握“同义替换”技巧，快速确定正确选项同义替换是历年高考阅读理解题的命题人常用的设置障碍的技巧，需要注意的是，有时为了增加难度，命题者在保证含义不变的前提下故意将正确选项的句子结构加以改变。如上文第3题题干和正确选项的组合为：“David Blunketts blindness didnt prevent him from succeeding in life”；文章原句为：“He has been blind since birth and has never let this fact hold him back in any aspect of h
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