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Unit 11 The Media 阅读理解AYou use her as a shoulder to cry on. She texts you back with casual jokes. But she, Xiaoice, is only a virtual chatbot（虚拟聊天机器人）.Xiaoice, Microsofts latest artificial intelligence robot, was briefly released in 2014, and returned to WeChat in 2015, where she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily, The New York Times reported. On WeChat, Xiaoice is an official account. After following it, users can start text-based conversations with Xiaoice.Her incredible learning ability was why people loved to talk with Xiaoice, Liu Jinchang, a researcher at High-tech Research and Development Center under the Ministry of Science and Technology, told China Daily. Apart from her ability to identify photos and send emojis（表情符号） in conversations, Xiaoice gains 45 percent of her knowledge from interacting with users, China Daily reported.Chatbot programs first appeared in the mid-1960s in the US. Driven by top tech panies, they are being smarter and more mon. For instance, IBMs latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant at Australias Deakin University, answering students questions about course schedules and financial aid. Apples Siri and Amazons Alexa have been used as voice assistants who can read news, play music and even make jokes for their users.These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms, The New York Times pointed out. However, it may take decades before scientists develop a Samantha, the advanced chatbot seen in the fiction film Her. In the film, Samantha has a romantic relationship with her user played by US actor Joaquin Phoenix. Many viewers were enthusiastic about this fantasy of virtual soul mates.1.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?A. She became a best seller.B. She became very powerful.C. She became a money maker.D. She became very popular.2.Which of the following can Xiaoice do?A. Do housework.B. Spread messages.C. Identify various photos.D. Read news to its users.3.Which panys chatbot program can act as an academic consultant?A. Microsoft. B. IBM. C. Apple. D. Amazon.4.What can be learned from the last paragraph?A. Chatbots will be applied to cars soon.B. Chatbots mainly run on smartphones now.C. Samantha is played by a US actor in the film.D. The film Her doesnt interest many audience. 【文章大意】本文讲述的是人工智能程序的发展情况。列举了微信上的聊天程序大受欢迎，IBM的人工智能程序能成为顾问，但是目前这种程序主要应用在智能手机上，人们期待它将来可以在手机以外的地方使用。1.D【解析】推理判断题。根据she became a big hit. Millions of young Chinese now exchange messages with her daily可知，她在微信上大受欢迎，很多中国人都喜欢与她聊天，故选D。3.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中IBMs latest artificial intelligence program served as an academic consultant可知，IBM的最新人工智能程序可以作为学术顾问，故选B。4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中These programs are expected to move beyond smartphones, into televisions, cars and living rooms,可知，人们期待这些程序除了智能手机之外，也能应用在电视、汽车、起居室等地，所以目前是主要应用在智能手机上，故选B。B(2017广东五校第一次联考)In many countries, heart disease kills a lot of women and even more men.There are four major causes of this disease and these are smoking, poor or bad diet, a family history of heart disease and stressful work.Among these main wrongdoers, the most mon cause is stress.What is stress and how do you feel when you are under stress? Imagine you live aloneyou are lying in bed at night and, suddenly, you hear someone in the kitchen.Immediately your heart begins to beat very fast and you feel that you can hardly breathe.What you are feeling is not stress, but fear.However, your body changes in the same way when you feel stress.That means that if you feel anxious and worried during an important examination, your heart may beat very fast and you may feel breathless too.You are experiencing stress.Another mon situation in which a person is likely to feel stress is to have to do something, for example, performing a boring duty, every day.Let us look at the case of Annie who was a nurse.She felt a lot of stress in her work and began to have very bad headaches at the end of the day.Each morning she woke up more tired than she was when she went to sleep.She did not want to go out in the evening with her friends and she felt unhappy all the time.Finally, she sat down and thought about her life.She saw a lot of illness and death in her work but that was not the reason why she was under stress.The real reason was that she felt unable to make a positive decision in her jobshe had to do what the doctors and sisters told her.So, Annie went back to college for further study.When she graduated, she found a job where she was part of a team as before, but where she had responsibility in making decisions.Her working hours were longer and her work was more difficult than when she was a nurse but she enjoyed it.She felt she was in control of her life and her work.For Annie, stress in her old job had made her change her life and end a difficult situation.Stress in her new job became a good thing because it helped her achieve satisfaction in her life and in her work.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了压力是引发心脏病的最常见的原因，并解释了什么才是压力。1. Feeling _is one form of stress.Atired BaloneCanxious DbreathlessC解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That means that if you feel anxious and worried during an important examination, your heart may beat very fast and you may feel breathless too.You are experiencing stress.”可知，感到忧虑是压力的一种表现形式，即C项正确。2.According to the passage, _die of heart disease.Amost menBmore men than womenCmore women than menDmost womenB解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In many countries, heart disease kills a lot of women and even more men.” 可知，死于心脏病的男性比女性多，即B项正确。3. When Annie was a nurse, she felt no real _ in her work or in her life.Aunhappiness BbreakdownCexcitement DresponsibilityD解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The real reason was that she felt unable to make a positive decision in her job”和第五段中的“she was part of a team as before, but where she had responsibility in making decisions”可推知，做护士时Annie自己不能做决定，所以她感受不到责任，即D项正确。4.What is one major difference between Annies new job and her old one?AIt includes teamwork.BIt demands higher qualifications.CIt ensures satisfaction.DIt involves decisionmaking.D解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The real reason was that she felt unable to make a positive decision in her job”和第五段中的“she was part of a team as before, but where she had responsibility in making decisions” 可推知，这两份工作的主要区别在做决定方面，即D项正确。CIt has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain. The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.Boston Universitys Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases ones risk of being obese. Whats more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol, a pound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.1.The passage is mainly for those_.A. who produce wineB. who have a drinking habitC. who go on a dietD. who are eager to lose weight2.The underlined phrase in moderation in the first paragraph means _.A. excitedlyB. carefullyC. frequentlyD. properly3.What can we learn from the passage?A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of being fat.C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A. How to do some easy experiments.B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.C. How to prove the finding mentioned above.D. How to make wine in a healthy way.【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，告诉我们适量葡萄酒还会减肥。1.B【解析】推理判断题。文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系。所以说是写给有喝酒习惯的人的，故选B。2.D【解析】猜测词义题。与上句形成对比，此处指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥，moderation适度与D项同义，故选D。4.C【解析】推理判断题。文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞，所以下文会证明这一观点，故选C。D(2017东北三省四市模拟) The following simple exercise routine works as well as prescription medication(处方药) without side effects.A jog a day could keep your headaches at bay: regular cardio workouts(有氧锻炼) may prevent migraines(偏头痛), a growing body of research suggests.Migraine patients had fewer headaches after doing 40minute cycling workouts three times a week for three months, according to a Swedish study.The exercise routine worked just as well as one of the top migrainepreventing drugstopamiratebut without side effects of depression and tremors(颤抖)“Cardio workouts can help with regular headaches, too，” says Alexander Mauskop, MD., director of the New York Headache Center in Manhattan.There are a couple of theories on how it works.“Breaking a sweat may relieve stress，” says Dr.Mauskop.Headaches are often triggered by stress, and if you remove the trigger, you release the pain.The feelgood chemicals produced when you exercise actually block your pain sensors, acting as a natural painkiller.Since headaches can be caused by many different factors like genetics(遗传), lack of sleep, or certain foods, the cardio workout wont be the solution for everyone, Dr.Mauskop says.But one German study found that it helped 65 percent of patients, which made it as effective as the best medicines on the market.Dr.Mauskop remends his patients do a halfhour reasonable intensity(强度) cardio workout, like jogging, biking, or swimming three times a week.These workouts are meant to be slow and steady, as opposed to highintensity intervals that alternate between allout runs and rest.Pushing yourself too much or increasing the intensity too quickly can trigger headaches in some people, so make sure your heart rate doesnt jump above 150 BPM.If you dont have a heart rate monitor, then breathe only through your nose.Youll know youre going too hard if you cant keep up that breathing pattern.Your migraines could start disappearing in a couple of weeks, Dr.Mauskop says.【解题导语】本文是一篇研究报告。研究人员发现，有氧锻炼也许能治疗偏头痛。1According to the passage, the author may agree that _Ajogging, swimming and fishing are cardio workoutsBneither cardio workouts nor topamirate has side effectsCmigraine patients may be cured by regular cardio workoutsDcardio workouts will be the solution for everyone with migrainesC解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“Dr.Mauskop remends his patients do a halfhour reasonable intensity(强度) cardio workout, like jogging, biking, or swimming three times a week.”可知，A项错误；根据第二、四段的内容可知，B项错误，C项正确；根据倒数第四段中的“the cardio workout wont be the solution for everyone”可知，D项错误。2The underlined word “triggered” in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by “_”Acured BreleasedCcaused DmonitoredC解析：词义猜测题。根据上文的“Breaking a sweat may relieve stress”和画线词后的“by stress”可知，头疼往往是由压力引起的。由此可知画线词意为“引起”。故选C。3The feelgood chemicals produced can help regular headaches because _Athey ease stressBthey help break a sweatCthey prevent migrainesDthey block your pain sensorsD解析：细节理解题。根据第八段中的“The feelgood chemicals produced when you exercise actually block your pain sensors”可知，选D。4What would be the best title?AA Cure for HeadachesBSide Effects of MigrainesCThe Causes of HeadachesDAdvantages of Cardio WorkoutsA解析：标题归纳题。本文讲述了治疗偏头痛的好办法进行有氧运动。故选A。 七选五(2017河北三市高三第二次联考) What is happiness? When you can feel inner peace and satisfaction, you are happy.1._ This usually happens when we do something we love or achieve something that we value.It is our opinions that make us feel happy or unhappy.All of us constantly go through various situations or conditions, but we do not have to let them influence our reactions and feelings.2._ Try hard to make a change of the way you look at things.3._ That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation.Pay attention to solutions, not problems.Listen to relaxing and uplifting music.Watch funny and interesting programs that make you laugh. Always look at what you have done and not at what you havent done.Look at what you can do, not at what you cannot do.Each day do at least one act to make others happy.When you make someone happy, youll bee happy, and then people will try to make you happy.4._ On the contrary, be happy for their happiness.municate with happy people and try to learn from them to be happy.Remember, do your best to stay detached(冷静的) when things do not occur as intended and desired.Detachment has much to do with inner peace.5._AIve never regretted it.BAlways look at the bright side.CDo not envy people who are happy.DStop asking for everyones approval.EInner peace can lead to happiness, so smile more often.FHere are a few tips for increasing happiness in daily life.GIt is usually experienced at a special moment.【解题导语】本文就如何提高幸福感提出了几条建议。1G解析： 由空后一句可知，幸福感总是在我们做我们喜欢做的事情或者得到我们重视的东西时出现；据此可知，G项“在特定的时刻通常会体验到幸福感”引出下文，故G项正确。2F解析： 根据下文内容可知，下面两段阐述的是提高幸福感的建议，所以选F项，F项起承上启下的作用。3B解析： 根据空后一句“That means looking at the good and positive side of every situation.”可知，选B项“要看到事物光明的一面”。4C解析： 根据空后一句“On the contrary, be happy for their happiness.”可知，空处的意思与“be happy for their happiness”相反，故空处选C项“不要嫉妒幸福的人”。5E解析： 根据空前一句“Detachment has much to do with inner peace.”可知，冷静地面对事情和内心的平静有很大关系，据此可以判断，空处阐述的是内心的平静和幸福的关系，故E项正确。、七选五The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking. 1 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring persons survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 3 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 5 For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure bees active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear bees active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, well continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A. It all depends on your character.B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容。1.F 【解析】选项F中的weigh risks and rewards与上文的weigh the risk and the reward相呼应，故F项符合语境。2.C 【解析】选项C中的Being better at those things与上文的were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring相呼应，因此选C。3.A 【解析】前文说人们有各种不同的性格，因此你可能喜欢赛车，或者讨厌赛车，故A项这完全是由你的性格决定的符合语境。4.E 【解析】根据上文的your willingness.teenage years及下文的hunger for new experiences.可知E项符合语境。5.G 【解析】根据空后的For the risk-seekers.bees active可知，此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应，故G项符合语境。
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