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选修7U21一、阅读理解ABeijings Forbidden City is a place full of wonder. From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts, theres no wonder its one of Chinas most popular tourist destinations.But even more than 600 years after it was built, its still managing to serve up surprises. Since it was built during the Ming Dynasty, its estimated that the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes. And while most structures arent made to survive natural disasters, let alone ones built hundreds of years ago, it seems that the Forbidden City was built to withstand anything.A recent television documentary by UK broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient buildings designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and engineers were shown building a scale model (成比例模型) of one of the Forbidden Citys palaces, at one fifth of the size.To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. It was subjected to a simulated (模拟的) earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale equivalent to the largest ever recorded quake and survived. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved gently during the test.According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden Citys strength, as well as other ancient Chinese structures, lies in dougong a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings. Despite being held together without any nails or glue, the brackets are perfect at keeping structures together when the weather gets rough.“Dougong design is an important earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure, much like the shock absorbers (减震器) of a car,” according to Chinese National Geography.“Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures that were both enduring and aesthetically (在美学方面) pleasing using dougong, revealing their advanced understanding of mathematics, architecture, materials, and structural science.”The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and cultural significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter.1. What is the article mainly about?A.What has made the Forbidden City a popular tourist destination.B.What has helped the Forbidden City survive so many earthquakes.C.The characteristics of Chinese architecture during the Ming Dynasty.D.A variety of building methods used in ancient Chinese structures.2. Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “was subjected to” in Paragraph 4?A. sufferedB. was controlled byC. obeyedD. was affected by3. What was the aim of the test in the UK documentary?A. To reproduce a real earthquake from the Ming Dynasty.B. To discover a long-lost Chinese building methodC. To explain the impact of earthquakes on ancient buildings.D. To prove the strength of ancient Chinese architecture.4. What is “dougong” according to the text?A. A paint that gives Chinese buildings an attractive look.B. A tool used by ancient people to measure earth-quakes.C. Special building parts that keep a traditional Chinese building together,D. A building piece located in the center of a traditional Chinese house.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。1. B【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章内容，特别是倒数第二段中的“Dougong design is an important earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure”可知，紫禁城的斗拱设计帮助它能够在多次地震中幸存。3. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. ”可知，测试的目的是证明中国古建筑的抗震性。4. C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“dougong a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings.”可知，斗拱是连接中国传统建筑物的一个特殊部件。B(2017福建高中毕业班质检)The World Health Organization (WHO) said that processed meat may be carcinogenic(致癌的)Do you still dare eat cancerlinked processed meat? Here are some ments on the website.Bill (Australia) Id rather live a short, pleasant life than a long，unhappy one, denying(拒绝给予) myself tasty food just because some experts say its not healthy.We should all enjoy the one life we haveif I had listened to every piece of health advice I would never go anywhere, eat anything or enjoy life in any way.So, I wont change my habit.I am going to have a bacon sandwich, glass of wine, burger, can of coke whenever I feel like it.Tim (America) Is meat really as bad as smoking？I dont think so.According to the WHO 34，000 people die worldwide per year because they eat processed meat.In 2012, 8.2 million people died of cancer worldwide.That means if you eat a lot of processed meat you have a chance of being among the 0.41 percent of people dying of cancer because of processed meat.Ill take the chance.Helen (Switzerland) The WHO doesnt say that just one bite of meat causes cancer, it is rather saying that people should vary their diet.People who eat more meat often have other unhealthy habits.They usually eat fewer fruits and vegetables and they also often exercise less.Van(China) Perhaps this report will make people consider being vegetarians(素食者)So for your health, the environment and future generations, it is not difficult; it just needs a change of attitude.There is a vast variety of other delicious food available to enjoy.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一些网民对于世界卫生组织公布的食用加工肉制品可能致癌的这一信息的个人看法。1What if Bill has to change his habit?AHell feel unhappy.BHell live a pleasant life.CHell go on a diet.DHell bee a vegetarian.A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的“Id rather live a short, pleasant life than a long, unhappy one, denying(拒绝给予) myself tasty food just because some experts say its not healthy.”可推知，Bill如果改变目前的饮食习惯，他会不开心的。2What does Tim think about eating processed meat?AToo risky.BFairly safe.CPopular worldwide.DVery unhealthy.B解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“Is meat really as bad as smoking？I dont think so.”和“That means if you eat a lot of processed meat you have a chance of being among the 0.41 percent of people dying of cancer because of processed meat.Ill take the chance.”可知，Tim认为吃加工肉制品并不是什么要命的事儿，还是比较安全的。3What may be Helens response to WHOs warning?ACaring little about it.BEating whatever she likes.CVarying the diet and doing exercise.DTaking a diet without meat.C解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“it is rather saying that people should vary their diet.People who eat more meat often have other unhealthy habits.They usually eat fewer fruits and vegetables and they also often exercise less.”可知，Helen对WHO的警告的回应是应该饮食多样化并多锻炼身体。CTaylore is a kid who passes by to ride sometimes and help us with chores. Barely 15, shes never short of advice, and one of her favorite pastimes is teasing me about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.Last summer four of us rode down the trail behind our woods: my wife Karen, Taylore, Taylores friend Kendall and me. I was riding my 13-year-old, Tawny.We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop（飞驰）. The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.Taylore brushed past my left leg and, seconds later, Kendall went by on my right. I realized Tawny was covering ground faster than Id ever seen her. She strained every muscle in her body to catch up with the girls. It was like a truck winding over a mountain road without brakes (闸). Part of me felt perfectly in control, while another part screamed that I wasnt.In half a mile I knew wed be crossing the highway, so I prayed that the girls would be fine. I gave up calculating how long it might take before my horse would be tried enough to want to slow down.I was just about out of answers when I saw the girls slowing in front of me. Their horses were relaxed and fortable, not even breathing hard. Taylores face glowed. She gave me a high five. Wow, you did well, she said. I knew youd go fast when you were ready.No one in the group had even broken a sweat, except me. I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. Karen claims I was showing off for the girls that day, and maybe shes right. But I think I had something to prove. Because despite my wrinkles (皱纹), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart. And, like a horse on a warm summer day, Im always ready to kick up my heels.1. How did the race between the girls and the author begin?A. His horses gallop made the other horses want to catch up.B. He wanted to show off his riding skills for the girls.C. They wanted to know whose horse could run fastest.D. They teased him about being afraid to go too fast on a horse.2. During the race, _.A. the authors horse outran the girls horses the whole timeB. the author was confident that Tawny was in controlC. the girls were so anxious to win that they sweated a lotD. the authors good performance took Taylore by surprise3. When the race ended, the authors heart pounded because _.A. he was feeling thrilled and youngB. it was really tough exercise for himC. he was worried that the girls might be in dangerD. he felt quite embarrassed that he had lost the race4. The phrase kick up my heels at the end can be replaced by _.A. devote myselfB. enjoy myselfC. accept my challengeD. take part in running petition【语篇解析】文章描述作者和两个女孩骑马比赛，这让作者感到兴奋，也感到虽然自己上了年纪，但是有一颗年轻的心。1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop(飞驰). The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.可知，作者的马飞驰起来使得其它马想要赶上。故选A。2. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子Taylores face glowed. She gave me a high five. Wow, you did well, she said.I knew youd go fast when you were ready.可知，作者的出色的表现让Taylore很惊讶。故选D。4. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的句子like a horse on a warm summer day,可知，作者感觉自己像温暖夏日的马，总是准备好享受一番。故选B。D(2017江西重点中学盟校高三模拟)According to his GoFundMe page, Eddie Maltsby Jr.became blind when he was 11 due to sarcoidosis,a rare disease that affects many organs.However,Maltsby has mitted to bringing light to people in need by playing music on the streets of St.Petersburg, Florida, and donating what he can to them, WTSP reported.In addition to playing for the public, Maltsby also hosts a radio show on WRXB called “Blind Boy Radio”While on air, the musician gives away groceries, cash and other goods to grateful callers.To date, Maltsby has donated $ 2, 000, but his funds are running loweven with help from sponsors.Thats why hes turning to the munity for help.Maltsby has set up a GoFundMe campaign in the hope of collecting$25, 000toaidstruggling peoplein the munity.While Maltsbys benevolent(慈善的) spirit is inspiring, its often the people with littleto spare who demonstrate how easy it is to part with money.This past winter, for example, when Dominique HarrisonBentzen, a British student, didnt have any way to get home, a homeless man gave her all the money he had$ 4.60 for a taxi.She returned the favor by setting up a fundraiser for the kind man, which has since collected more than 32, 000 British pounds(over $50, 000)“I hope my campaign will help people think a little more about the people around them，” HarrisonBentzen told The Mirror.“If people can see what I am doing then maybe they can take the time to just stop and talk to a homeless person,hear their story.”【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。Eddie Maltsby Jr.因肉状瘤病而失去视力，但他依旧赚钱帮助他人。1What can be learned about Eddie Maltsby Jr.?AHe has collected $ 25, 000.BHes going to keep on giving.CHe was born with blindness.DHe plays music to earn a living.B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“and donating what he can to them”和第二、三段的内容可知，他已经捐赠了很多钱物，并发起了GoFundMe运动，希望能筹到25 000美元来帮助他人，由此可推知，Eddie Maltsby Jr.会继续付出，帮助他人。2Why does Eddie Maltsby Jr.ask for help?AHe earns less and less money.BHis funds have been used up.CHe needs more people to donate.DHis family give no support to his campaign.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To date，Maltsby has donated $ 2，000, but his funds are running loweven with help from sponsors.Thats why hes turning to the munity for help.”可知Eddie Maltsby Jr.求助的原因是他的资金快花完了，即他需要更多的人捐款。3Which of the following words best describe Eddie Maltsby Jr.?ACreative and determined.BTalented and friendly.CCooperative and optimistic.DHelpful and generous.D解析：推理判断题。根据文中的“Maltsby has mitted to bringing light to people in need”“While on air, the musician gives away groceries, cash and other goods to grateful callers.”和“Maltsbys benevolent(慈善的) spirit”可知，Eddie Maltsby Jr.既乐于助人又大方。4. Dominique HarrisonBentzens story is used to _A. get people involved in munity serviceBprove that giving is indeed importantCencourage people to share and giveDshow the poor are more willing to giveD解析：推断判断题。根据第四段中的“its often the people with little to spare who demonstrate how easy it is to part with money”和第五段中的“for example”可知，作者用Dominique HarrisonBentzen的例子表明穷人更乐意付出帮助别人。二、七选五Heres a surprising truthone of the most powerful weapons to enhance your life is your own tongue!_1_ Concentrate on the qualities of other people that you can affirm instead of on their faults.This alone should do wonders in relieving stress in your relationships.Doctors know that prolonged anxiety harms you，but encouraging words can remove stress and a peaceful mind leads to improve physical health，too._2_Avoid fueling verbal fire.When someone starts to blow up all at you，be careful about your response.Why burn your relationship house down with your own mouth？Try spraying water on an argument with calm words instead of using a flamethrower.How many marriages have been destroyed when in a fit of anger people spew out hurtful accusations to one another that are never forgotten！_3_ “A soft answer turns away wrath(狂怒)，but a harsh word stirs up anger.”Stop plaining.We all know people who plain all the time，especially about the fault of others._4_ Nothing is ever going well for them，and probably nothing ever willas long as they keep plaining and putting their energy on what they really dont want.Do think before you speak._5_ It is useless regretting.It doesnt matter how unintentional they may be，words can sometimes cut a lot deeper than a sword.Very often youll hear people say，“I didnt mean to hurt your feelings.”Well，if you didnt want to hurt feelings why couldnt you be thoughtful before you let the unpleasant words escape your loose lips?AYou should practice waiting a while before answering someone when you are angry.BPractice speaking positive words instead of negative ones.CWe store in our minds in a kind of mental art gallery what others have said to us.DOnce the words leave your mouth，it is impossible to take them back.EThe longer you think，the better youll speak.FThe more they do so，the more they are disliked.GThink twice before speaking.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，告诉我们应如何注意自己的说话方式以帮助我们减压并改善人际关系。1B根据空后一句“Concentrate on the qualities of.on their faults”和下文的“encouraging words can remove stress”可知，应选B“练习说一些积极的话语而不是消极的话语”。2C由空前一句中的“prolonged anxiety harms you, but encouraging words can remove stress”可知，我们会把别人对我们说的话储存在脑海里，如果这些话是消极的，则会伤害我们；相反若是鼓励性的话语，就会帮我们消除压力，故选C。3A根据空前一句中的“when in a fit of anger people spew out hurtful accusations to one another that are never forgotten”可知，人们一气之下就会说出让自己后悔的话，所以要练习在气头上控制自己的情绪，故选A“当你生气时，你应该练习在回答问题之前先等一会儿”。4F由空前一句“We all know people who plain all the time.of others”和空后的“Nothing is ever going well for them”可知，那些喜欢抱怨的人抱怨得越多，他们就越不招人喜欢，F选项中的they指的就是那些爱抱怨的人。5D最后一段的主题是“在说话之前要三思”。根据空前的“Do think before you speak”和空后一句“It is useless regretting(后悔是没有用的)”可知，选D项。
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