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Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars【短文语法填空】It is well known that the Chinese have great respect for their elders, and here is an occasion to show itthe Chongyang Festival. It falls 1. the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. In Chinese, nine 2. (regard) as the number of “yang”. The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two“yang” numbers, and “chong” in Chinese means double, which is 3. the name “Chongyang” came into being.The festival can date back to the Warring States Period. However, it was not 4. (formal) set as a festival until the Tang Dynasty. In 1989, the Chinese government 5. (declare) the ninth day of the ninth lunar month to be the Seniors Daya day to respect 6. elderly and to let them enjoy 7. (they)Traditionally, people climb mountains, drink chrysanthemum(菊花) wine, and eat Chongyang cakes. Since “cake” in Chinese is pronounced “gao” meaning “high”， people consider climbing a high mountain to be the same as eating cakes in the hope of 8. (promote) to high positions. And people often think that chrysanthemum wine can get rid of all kinds of diseases and 9. (disaster)Today many activities are held 10. (show) respect to the seniors like organizing a trip for them, sending them gifts and more on the day of the festival.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的传统节日重阳节的历史发展、名称由来等。1on解析：考查介词。重阳节是在农历九月初九这一天。在特定的某一天用介词on。2is regarded解析：考查动词时态和语态。在中国，九被视为阳数。主语nine和动词regard之间是被动关系，表示“被视为”，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。3how解析：考查表语从句的连接词。九月的第九天含有两个阳数，“重”在汉语中表示“双倍”的意思，这就是重阳节名称的由来。根据语境可以判断，空处表示“重阳节名称的由来”，故用how引导该表语从句。4formally解析：考查副词。根据空处后的动词set可知，空处修饰该动词，故用副词形式。5declared解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语“In 1989”可知，该句陈述的是发生在1989年的事情，故用一般过去时。6the解析：考查定冠词。the形容词，表示一类人。the elderly表示“老年人”。7themselves解析：考查反身代词。1989年，中国政府宣布农历九月初九为“敬老节”，以此来尊敬老人，并让他们过得愉快。enjoy oneself意为“得到乐趣”。8being promoted解析：考查非谓语动词。根据空处前的介词of可知，空处用动词的ing形式；根据语境可知，主语people和动词promote之间是被动关系，表示“被提升”，故用being promoted。9disasters解析：考查名词复数。人们常常认为菊花酒能消除各种疾病和灾难。根据该句中“diseases and”可知，空处用复数形式。10to show解析：考查动词不定式。如今，人们举办许多活动如组织老人旅游、给老人送礼物以表达对老人的尊敬。根据句意可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式。一高考单词识记思考运用1核心词汇multiply vi.&vt.乘；增加crash vi.&vt.碰撞；坠落exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽float vt.&vi.使浮动；使漂浮n.漂浮物puzzle vt.&vi.使迷惑；使为难n.谜；难题exist vi.生存；存在 existence n存在；生存violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 violence n暴力harmful adj.有害的 harm n&vt.伤害，损害2常考词汇unlike prep. 与不同；不像pull n&vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的thus adv. 因此；于是mass n. 质量；团；块；大量；(复)群众gravity n. 万有引力；重力fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的fundament n. 基础，根本religion n. 宗教；宗教信仰religious adj. 宗教的biology n. 生物学biologist n. 生物学家biological adj. 生物学的physicist n. 物理学家physics n. 物理学extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的extinction n. 灭绝用所给单词的适当形式填空1What I saw was pletely unlike (like) anything I had experienced in the past.(2017全国卷)2Last October, while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled (pull) out a handful of small carrots and was about to throw them away.(2017浙江卷)3Rezwan is creating floating (float) connectivity (连接) to replace flooded roads and highways.(2017江苏卷)4On September 11, 1933, famous physicist (physics) Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence，“Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.”(2017北京卷)5It can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence (exist)(2016全国卷)6I began to learn this when I had my car crashed (crash)(2016天津卷)7One important biological (biology) factor that helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.(2016四川卷)8Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses (mass) of color.(2016全国卷)“推，拉”家族pull n&vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力draw vt.&vi.拖，拉drag vt.&n.拖，拉，拽push v&n.推，推动(力)“碰、撞”家族hit v碰撞，打击crash v碰撞；坠落bump n&v.撞；碰撞(声)collide v碰撞；相撞collision n撞击；碰撞run into 撞上knock into 撞上knock together 相撞后缀-ist必备名词荟萃archaeologist 考古学家biologist 生物学家chemist 化学家physicist 物理学家psychologist 心理学家specialist 专家sociologist 社会学家scientist 科学家typist 打字员tourist 旅游者，游客【完形填空】It impressed me a lot.I never thought that little help will _1_ out to be the most satisfying thing I have ever done.He was tired，and _2_ to climb further.With a broad _3_，he asked if I could help him with some money.He was paralyzed(瘫痪) in both legs and was _4_ funds for some operation.He said that if operated successfully，he could _5_ a training guaranteeing him a job.I was full of _6_ and even asked him to show his legs.I gave him the _7_ money.After a few days，he again came at my doorstep asking for more money for acmodation.This time I was more or less _8_ he was not cheating me.I gave him some and said，“This is all I have.”A year went by and I had moved to a(n) _9_ place.One fine day I got a call from an unknown number.Caller called out his name but I didnt _10_ him.Then he said he was the very paralyzed person I helped a year ago.I asked him how he was doing.He said，“What sir, you recognize me not by my name but by my _11_ state.”“With your kind help I am now able to _12_ on my legs without support.I was operated _13_.I am married to a beautiful lady and have a stable _14_.”I dont _15_ remember if I gave him my phone number._16_，what he said next was touching.He said he wanted to return my money so that I didnt feel cheated and would continue to help people _17_ in the future.I dont know whether he read my facial expression the day I helped him but tears were _18_ down my face.That day I promised him I would continue to help people as I saw a(n) _19_small or big._20_ a lifechanged event of my life.1A.send BbreakCbring Dturn2A.struggling BsubstitutingCplaying Dwalking3A.look BsmileCview Dwhisper4A.finding BraisingCseeking Dearning5A.pretend BintendCattend Dtend6A.interests BmindsCworries Ddoubts7A.remaining BleftChiding Dforgotten8A.informed BpreparedCconvinced Doutspoken9A.new BoldCsystematic Dbad10A.remind BrecognizeCreplace Drepeat11A.excited BmessedCdisabled Dstressed12A.live BbaseCfocus Dstand13A.successfully BsurprisinglyChopefully Dnaturally14A.reason BpromiseCcharacter Djob15A.also BevenCalready Donly16A.Therefore BOtherwiseCHowever DMeanwhile17A.in need Bin placeCin favor Din advance18A.bringing BputtingCrunning Dpulling19A.behavior BcaseCaccident Dopportunity20A.Strangely BTrulyCGenerally DOriginally【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者一次无意间的帮助改变了一位瘫痪者的一生。这件事也改变了作者的人生，让他决定继续帮助那些有困难的人。1D考查动词短语辨析。此处指作者从未想过一个小小的帮助最后竟成为他曾做过的最令自己满意的一件事。四个选项都能与out组成固定短语。turn out意为“结果是，最后成为”，符合语境。send out意为“发出”；break out意为“爆发”；bring out意为“生产，出版”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。2A考查动词辨析。根据下文中的“paralyzed (瘫痪)”可知，他瘫痪了，所以此处应指他努力往前爬。A项意为“努力，挣扎”，符合语境。B项意为“替换”；C项意为“玩”；D项意为“走”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。3B考查名词辨析。根据前面的“broad”可知，此处应指他咧嘴微笑着。B项意为“微笑”，符合语境。A项意为“表情”；C项意为“观点”；D项意为“耳语”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。4B考查动词辨析。根据上句中的“help him with some money”可知，此处应指他在筹集手术资金。B项意为“筹集”，符合语境。A项意为“找到”；C项意为“寻找”；D项意为“挣得”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。5C考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处应指如果手术成功了，他就能参加能让他得到一份工作的培训。C项意为“参加”，符合语境。A项意为“假装”；B项意为“打算”；D项意为“往往会”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。6D考查名词辨析。根据本句中的“even asked him to show his legs”可知，作者要求看看他的腿，所以对他所说的话应该是充满了怀疑。D项意为“怀疑”，符合语境。A项意为“兴趣”；B项意为“思想”；C项意为“担心”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。7A考查形容词辨析。此处指作者把手上剩余的钱都给了他。A项意为“剩余的”，符合语境。B项意为“剩下的”，不作前置定语；C项意为“隐藏的”；D项意为“被遗忘的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。8C考查形容词辨析。根据本句中的“he was not cheating me”和下句中的“gave him some”可知，作者给了他一些钱，有几分确信他并没有骗自己。C项意为“确信的，信服的”，符合语境。A项意为“见多识广的”；B项意为“准备好的”；D项意为“坦率的，直言不讳的”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。9A考查形容词辨析。根据上文的“moved to”及下文作者接到一个陌生电话可知，作者搬到了一个新地方。A项意为“新的”，符合语境。B项意为“旧的”；C项意为“系统化的”；D项意为“坏的”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。10B考查动词辨析。根据本句中的转折连词“but”及下文中的“you recognize me not by my name”可知，打电话的人报出了自己的名字，但作者并没有认出他来。B项意为“认出”，符合语境。A项意为“提醒”；C项意为“代替”；D项意为“重复”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。11C考查形容词辨析。根据上文中的“Then he said he was the very paralyzed person”可知，作者不是通过他的名字而是通过他瘫痪的情况认出了他。C项意为“残疾的”，符合语境。A项意为“兴奋的”；B项意为“混乱的”；D项意为“有压力的”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。12D考查动词辨析。根据本句中的“without support”可知，此处指他不需要支架就可以自己站起来。D项意为“站立，站起来”，符合语境。live意为“居住”；base意为“基于”；focus意为“关注”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。13A考查副词辨析。根据上一句可知，他现在能够站起来，所以手术成功了。A项意为“成功地”，符合语境。B项意为“令人惊奇地”；C项意为“有希望地”；D项意为“自然地”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。14D考查名词辨析。根据常识及上文中提到的“guaranteeing him a job”可推断出，他结婚了，还有了一份稳定的工作。D项意为“工作”，符合语境。A项意为“理由”；B项意为“允诺”；C项意为“性格”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。15B考查副词辨析。根据语境及上文中的“A year went by”可知，此处指作者甚至不记得是否给过他电话号码。B项意为“甚至”，符合语境。故答案选B。16C考查副词辨析。根据上下文语境可知，作者甚至不记得是否给过他电话号码，但是他接下来说的话却令人感动。C项意为“然而”，表示转折，符合语境。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“否则”；D项意为“与此同时”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。17A考查短语辨析。根据语境可知，这位曾经瘫痪的人想将钱还给作者，这样作者就不会感觉到自己被骗从而以后可以放心去帮助那些有困难的人。A项意为“在危难中的”，符合语境。B项意为“在适当的位置”；C项不是短语；D项意为“提前”，均与语境不符。故答案选A。18C考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，此处是指眼泪流过作者的脸庞。四个选项都能与down组成短语。run down意为“往下流”，符合语境。bring down意为“降低，打倒”；put down意为“镇压，记下”；pull down意为“拉下来，摧毁”，均与语境不符。故答案选C。19D考查名词辨析。根据语境及本句中的“small or big”可知，此处表示只要有机会，无论大小，作者都会继续帮助他人。D项意为“机会”，符合语境。A项意为“行为”； B项意为“事例”；C项意为“事故”，均与语境不符。故答案选D。20B考查副词辨析。根据全文内容以及第一段第一句可知，此处与第一句相呼应，指的是这的确是改变了作者一生的事情。B项意为“确实，的确”，符合语境。A项意为“奇怪地”；C项意为“大体上地”；D项意为“起初”，均与语境不符。故答案选B。二重点短语识记思考运用1动词介词/副词cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋depend on 依靠；取决于break down 分解；毁掉；出问题block out 挡住(光线)prevent.from 阻止；制止watch out 小心，注意2动词名词(介词)lay eggs下蛋give birth to 产生；分娩用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空1Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to prevent_themselves_from_being destroyed.(2017北京卷)2When some refuse vaccination (接种疫苗) and seek a free ride, immunity (免疫) breaks_down and everyone is in even bigger danger.(2017北京卷)3Cheer_up! You must believe in yourself and you will get success.4Watch_out_for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly while driving.“动词from”短语一览keep/stop/prevent.from 阻止；制止separate.from 把和分离开differ from 与不同suffer from 受苦hear from 收到的来信prohibit sb. from doing sth.ban sb.from doing sth.forbid sb.from doing sth.表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃watch out (for) 小心；当心look out 当心take care 小心be careful 小心三佳句选粹在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通背原句学句型练仿写1.This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。动词itadj./n.(宾补)to do。他的决定使我们在今天下午四点以前完成工作成为可能。His decision made_it_possible_for_us_to_finish_the_work by four oclock this afternoon.2.But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。倍数表达法：倍数asadj./adv.原级as其他。杰茜卡付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as she did before，so I believe she will succeed this time.3.“Oh，dear，”I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”now that “既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，有时 that 可以省略。既然大家都到齐了，我们可以开始开会了。Now_that_everybody_is_here，we can begin the meeting.4.We watched，amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。 过去分词作状语，说明主语的情况。长途旅行之后，我们三人回到了家，又饿又累。After the long journey，the three of us went back home，hungry_and_tired.【七选五】Think about what youve learned from a particular rumor experience，and let it help you make sure it never happens again.Here are a few tips that will help you. 1 The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向吐露). Try to understand where its ing from，and why.Is the rumor meant to hurt you，or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration？Its important to get this information before you react to the rumor. 2 Resist the urge to dish it out.Have you heard the saying “Someone can dish it out，but he or she cant take it”？ 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others，you might bee a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine.Resist the urge to take revenge.If youve been the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who started spreading them，you might want to go“an eye for an eye” 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time.But in the end，it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5 ABe cautious about making friends.BBe careful about your private information.CTry to persuade more people to be on your side.DSo if you can，figure out how the rumor occurs.EIn other words，dont be the person to spread rumors.FIts tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts others.GAnd make you as much of a bully(恃强凌弱者)as any other rumor starter.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。讲述的是如何正确应对谣言。1B根据下文的“The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向吐露)”可知，本段主要讲的是“对你自己的隐私要小心谨慎”，故选B项。B项中的“private information”也与文中的“private information”相匹配。2D根据本段的小标题“Try to understand where its ing from，and why.”及空前的内容可知，对谣言作出反应前，弄清楚谣言很重要。所以如果你能的话，要弄清楚谣言的来源和起因，故D项符合语境。3E根据本段的小标题“Resist the urge to dish it out.”及空处上下文的内容可知，空处讲的应是不要散播谣言相关的内容，故E项符合语境。4F根据下文的“taking revenge in this way”可知，空处的内容应是报复的方法，故F项符合语境。5G根据上文的内容可知，如果以散布谣言的方式报复别人的话，你可能会在短期内感觉良好，但是最后，这只会使得谣言继续被散布，故G项承接上文，进一步说明了这种报复方式的消极后果。
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