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Unit 2Robots【短文语法填空】In the West we are familiar with ballets like Swan Lake.But theres another classical dance form with a long history 1. has only recently burst onto the world scene. It is called classical Chinese dance.Classical Chinese dance is 2. incredibly demanding, refined, and expressive dance form. Alongside ballet, it is also one of the most prehensive dance systems 3. (know) to humankind.4 recently, few people outside China had ever heard of classical Chinese dance. One major reason was that when Chinese panies performed abroad, they often mixed Chinese dance with western dance styles. And so the audience left the theater not sure exactly 5. they had just seen.In 2006, however, the Shen Yun Performing Arts pany 6. (establish) in New York. Its mission was to promote 7. (tradition) culture, and this included 8. (present) classical Chinese dance in its purest form. Not quite a decade later, classical Chinese dance has bee much 9. (well) recognised and is starting to influence western ballet.Although they have significant differences, both ballet and classical Chinese dance have the ability to vividly tell 10. (story) and move us through beautiful art.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国古典舞在西方国家的发展历程。1which/that解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，补充完整是：classical dance form has only recently burst onto the world scene, 所以该定语从句的先行词是“classical dance form”，指物，且从句中缺主语。故用 which/that。2an解析：考查冠词。结合句意可知，此处指中国古典舞是一种要求极高、精致且传神的舞种。空格处表示“一种”，是泛指，且空格后的“incredibly”的读音以元音音素开头。故用 an。3known解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句有谓语动词“is”，所以此处应用非谓语动词；因为动词know与它修饰的名词“systems”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。故用known。4Until解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，此处指直到最近，很少有外国人听说过中国的古典舞。until意为“到为止”，通常与完成时态搭配，until recently 意为“直到最近”，符合语境。故用Until。注意首字母大写。5what解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，“they had just seen”是“sure”之后的宾语从句，且从句中缺少宾语。故用what。6was established解析：考查动词的时态和语态。动词establish与“the Shen Yun Performing Arts pany”之间是被动关系；又因为本文都使用了一般过去时，因此空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故用was established。7traditional解析：考查词性转换。结合句意可知，此处指它的宗旨是推广传统文化。此处应用形容词来修饰名词“culture”。故用traditional。8presenting解析：考查非谓语动词。include后要接动名词作宾语。故用presenting。9better解析：考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，不到十年的时间，中国的古典舞已经被人们更好地认可并且影响到西方的芭蕾舞了。此处much修饰副词well的比较级。故用better。10stories解析：考查名词复数。story是可数名词，其前没有冠词修饰，故应用其复数形式。故用stories。desire n渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要(1)have a strong desirea desire thatclause(should)动词原形渴望(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事desire thatclause(should)动词原形希望(2016江苏卷)He had a strong desire _to free_ (free) her family from trouble.他强烈渴望使他的家庭摆脱困境。My daughter is now in Senior Three.She _desires_ (desire) that she should be admitted to a famous university.Besides，she has a strong desire _for_ majoring in English in university.But I desire her _to study_ (study) medicine in the future.Under great pressure，she desires _to have_ (have) a pleasant holiday in the ing golden week.我的女儿现在上高三了。她渴望被一所名牌大学录取。而且，她非常想主修英语专业。但我希望她以后学医。在较大的压力下，她希望在未来的“黄金周”里度过一个快乐的假期。单句语法填空(2017北京卷)So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire _to secure_ (secure) success. favour n喜爱；恩惠，帮忙；优惠vt.喜爱；偏袒(favor)(1)ask sb.a favourask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.帮某人一个忙owe sb.a favour 欠的人情(2)do sth.as a favour 为了帮忙而做某事(3)in favour of 同意；支持；优先选择in ones favour 有利于某人(教材原句)As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant.为了帮忙，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，使她变得更加漂亮，使她的家变得高雅大方。When in trouble，you can ask a favour _of_ him.遇到麻烦时，你可以请他帮忙。He spoke in a temperate manner，_not favoring_ (not favor) either side especially.他说话态度中庸，并不特别偏袒任何一方。acpany vt.陪伴；伴奏；附有；配有(1)acpany sb.keep sb.pany 陪伴某人acpany sb.to some place 陪伴/陪同某人到某地acpany sb.at/on sth.用某物为某人伴奏be acpanied by 由伴奏/伴随(2)panion n同伴；伙伴(教材原句)As he was not allowed to acpany her to the shops，he wrote out a list of items for her.由于不允许托尼陪克莱尔去商店，所以托尼就给她写了一份购物清单。My neighbor came _to acpany_ (acpany) me while my parents were out.我邻居在我父母外出时过来陪我。Her father _acpanied_ (acpany) her _to_ the concert and when she sang，her father acpanied her _on_ the piano.Her song sounded wonderful _acpanied_ (acpany) by the music.她父亲陪她去音乐会，当她唱歌时，她父亲为她钢琴伴奏。在音乐的伴奏下，她的歌声听起来优美极了。declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称declare sth.宣布某事declare that.宣布declare sb./sth.(to be)adj.宣布某人/某物declare for/against.公开表示支持/反对declare oneself 发表意见，表明态度declare war on/against (对)宣战declare sth.open 宣布开始declare sth.closed 宣布结束(教材原句)She cried out“Tony”and then heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day.她大叫一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼一本正经地说，明天他不想离开她The judge declared him _to be_ (be) the winner of the petition.裁判宣布他是比赛的获胜者。Nobody present declared _against_ the plan for next term.在场的没有人声明反对下学期的计划。The newlyelected president declared _for_ their action，meaning that he _declared_ (declare) it to be legal；as a result，he must be responsible for his _declaration_ (declare)这位新当选的总统表示赞成他们的行为，这意味着他宣布这个行动是合法的，因此，他必须为他的声明负责。envy vt.&n.忌妒；羡慕(1)envy sb.(doing)sth.忌妒某人(做)某事envy sb.for sth.因而羡慕某人(2)bee/be the envy of.成为忌妒(或羡慕)的对象feel envy at.对忌妒out of envy 出于忌妒with envy 羡慕地，忌妒地(3)envious adj.羡慕的；忌妒的be envious ofbe jealous of 忌妒(教材原句)What a sweet victory to be envied by those women!受到那些女士的妒忌，这该是多么甜美的胜利！Her many talents were the envy _of_ all her friends.她多才多艺，所有的朋友都很羡慕她。He envied Rosalind _for_ her youth and strength.他羡慕罗莎琳德的青春和活力。Tom was _envious_ (envy) of his brothers success in business.Tom _envies_ (envy) his brothers success in business.Tom feels envy _at_ his brothers success in business.汤姆忌妒他哥哥事业上的成功。【七选五】When high temperatures are around the country，some things also go up.Here are four things expected to rise along with our desire to stay indoors and beat the heat.1Sales of goods that keep you coolMalls are high on the list of places where people often go for free air conditioning outside home in summer._1_ Goods related to keeping cool，like air conditioners，fans or sun care items，are very popular.2_2_Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves，and many agriculture experts are expecting a repeat of last years outbreak that harmed fruit and crops，particularly on the East Coast.3Energy bills_3_ With all those air conditioners and fans working，it makes sense that energy bills will be higher than average._4_ “Not only are people going to have extremely high energy bills for July，it will also put increased stress on power plants，and were going to see more air pollution because of it，” says Angela Fritz.4ViolenceHeat waves may cause violence，right? “Not necessarily，”says Richard Larrick，a researcher.He took a unique look at the relationship between violence and heat through baseball.Larrick and his research team examined 57,294 Major League Baseball games taking place between 1962 and 2017 and found that while heat may increase violence，there always has to be a motive.“_5_ Instead，heat affects a specific form of violence，” he said.AAir pollutionBPest populationCRising heat is the expected response in any summer.DHeat does not directly lead to more violence in general.EMore and more people are worried about their expenses.FAs more energy is used，air quality problems may occur.GSo its not a surprise that some sales jump during heat waves.【解题导语】本文介绍了伴随高温天气会出现的一些事件。1G空前一句提到购物中心是夏天人们外出经常去的地方之一，空后一句提到与制冷有关的商品，如空调、风扇等都很受欢迎，结合本段小标题可知，G项“因此一些(制冷商品的)销售量在酷暑期猛增就不足为奇了”与此处匹配。2B根据空处所在位置可知，空处为本段小标题。根据空后的“Pests like stink bugs(椿象)grow fast during summer heat waves”可知，本段主要是说害虫的数量在酷暑期也会快速增长，故B项与此处匹配。3E根据段落小标题Energy bills可知，本段和费用有关，空后又提到(电)风扇和空调的运行会使能源费用高于平均水平，故空处应讲人们对高温天气下使用这些电器的花费的担忧，所以E项符合语境。4F上文提到能源费用增加，下文提到由此会造成更多的空气污染。由此可推知，F项“随着更多的能源被消耗，空气质量问题可能会出现”与此处匹配。5D根据空后一句可知，高温影响一种特定形式的暴力，且由“Instead”可知，空处与下文呈转折关系，再结合上文的“Not necessarily”可知，D项“总的来说，高温不会直接导致更多的暴力”与此处匹配。ring up 给打电话打电话给某人call/ring back 回电话ring off/hang up 挂断电话hold on 别挂断(教材原句)When the clerk at the counter was rude to her，she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him.当站柜台的售货员对她粗鲁时，她就打电话给托尼，让售货员同托尼说话。I have something important to say.Please hold _on_ for a moment.我有要事要说，请不要挂断电话。I was about to answer the phone when it _was rung_ (ring) off last night.昨天晚上我正要接电话，就在这时电话挂断了。set aside 将放在一边；为节省或保留(钱或时间)lay aside 储蓄；把放到一边put aside 把放在一旁；忽视；储存move aside 把移动一边stand aside 让开；袖手旁观step aside 让位；退位leave aside 搁置一边She sets/puts/lays _aside_ a little money each week.她每周都省出一点钱。Bill never _stands_ (stand) aside when there is something that wants doing.有事要做的时候，比尔从不袖手旁观。【短文改错】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(2018长春市质量检测一)Dear Bill，How time flies！I went back to school and begin my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination，that makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because of I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself the second chance to pass them.I will ask my teachers and friends for advices on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make fully use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me or I will be grateful to you.Im looking forward to hear from you.Yours，Li Hua【答案】Dear Bill，How time flies！I went back to school and my lesson last month.It will be ten months before I attend the College Entrance Examination， makes me worried.I failed pass the English test last term because I had difficulty with it.I will never give up and determine to give myself second chance to pass .I will ask my teachers and friends for on how to improve it and work out a detailed plan.Besides，I will make use of time.Do you have any good ideas？Tell me I will be grateful to you.Im looking forward to from you.Yours，Li Hua第一处：begin改为began。考查动词时态。根据句中时间状语last month可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，所以应用一般过去时。第二处：that改为which。考查定语从句。此处是非限制性定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为整个句子，所以关系词应该用which。第三处：fail后加to。考查固定搭配。fail to do sth.是固定用法，表示“未能做成某事”。第四处：删除because后的of。考查介词。because of后面跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，文中其后跟的是从句，应用because来引导，故删除of。第五处：the改为a。考查冠词。该处表示“再给自己一次机会”，a second chance表示“再一次机会”。第六处：them改为it。考查代词。该处表示“通过英语考试”，应用it代指英语考试。第七处：advices改为advice。考查名词。advice是不可数名词，故把advices改为advice。第八处：fully改为full。考查形容词。该句中的名词use应用形容词修饰，所以把fully改为full。make full use of“充分利用”。第九处：or改为and。考查并列连词。此处表示“告诉我(你的建议)，我将不胜感激”。“祈使句and句子”，and表示顺承关系；“祈使句or句子”，or表示“否则”。第十处：hear改为hearing。考查动名词。look forward to短语中to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语。_It was then that_ Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window.也就在这时候，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语“then”。强调句的用法：(1)强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。(2)强调句的疑问句形式。强调句变为一般疑问句时，直接将is/was置于句首。简略的答语为：“Yes，it is/was.”或“No，it isnt/wasnt.”(3)强调句的特殊疑问句式是：特殊疑问句is/wasitthat.。(4)强调“not.until”引导的时间状语时，要用“It is/was not until.that.”结构，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。It is only children _who_ make such stupid mistakes.只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。Was it yesterday _that_ you met your teacher in the street?你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗？_Who_ was it that told you such a thing?究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？单句语法填空(2017天津卷)But it _wasnt until_ I finished film studies that I pursued my career as an actress.【阅读理解】Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions. We cry when we cant hold inside what we feel any more. We cry when were at our best, and when were at our worst. By we, I mean all of us. Men included.But we never see other men cry. In no western culture has it ever been acceptable for men to shed (流泪) more than a single tear, and even then its reserved for grand victories, defeats and deaths. Dutch research suggests that women cry between three and five times more than men. Generally men and women cry over the same things deaths, breakups and homesickness, primarily, but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it es to positive events. I want to admit Im a bit of a cryer. However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears. See, my dog and 24/7 panion was killed by a car right outside my house. Being a witness to this painful event left me in shock for a good hour, but then the floodgates opened. Over the next 48 hours, I might have cried 20 times. Once or twice I crouched (蹲) on the floor with my head in my hands and tears were the only outlet. It is suggested in the book Adult Crying: A Biopsychosocial Approach that theres certain pleasure in crying. It helps ease stress when there is no other way to express ourselves. In those days after my dogs death, I remember thinking, “Ive got to stop this crying”. It felt unmanly. It felt like a sign of weakness. Ive since realised that tears are for everybody; theyre not genderspecific. They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.【文章大意】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方式。【难句分析】However, having never really experienced deaths in my life, a few weeks ago I experienced what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears.(第三段第二句) 分析：该句为主从复合句。该句中what it means to really, truly, pour my heart out in tears为what引导的宾语从句；having never really experienced deaths in my life为现在分词短语作原因状语。译文：然而，我在生活中从来没有真正体会过死亡，数周前的一次体验让我知道死亡真的意味着痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感觉。1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?ACrying is a raw human emotion.BCrying is an emotion beyond control.CCrying is an emotion showing sadness.DCrying is an emotion showing happiness.答案与解析：A考查段落大意。通读该段可知，该段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”为该段的主题句。结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。2. Whats the difference between men and women in crying according to Dutch research?AThey cry over different matters.BThey cry at different times of life.CWomen cry more often over deaths.DMen are more likely to have tears of joy.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。由题干关键词“Dutch research”定位至第二段，根据第二段的“but researchers believe that men cry more often than women when it es to positive events”可知，男女哭泣的区别是男子对于积极事物的哭泣频率要比妇女高，故D项正确。3. What did the author think of his crying over his dogs death?AA sign of strength.BA sign of weakness.CBehavior of being womanish.DA way of reducing emotional stress.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第六段，尤其是最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel.”可知，作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式，故D项正确。4. Whats the best title for the text?AMen, never cry like womenBMen, its OK to cry sometimesCCrying solves psychological problemsDCrying explains differences between men and women答案与解析：B考查标题判断。通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句“Crying is the sign of the rawest of human emotions”和本文最后一句“They show we have sympathy, allow us to get rid of stress and just feel”可知，本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露，是减轻情感压力的方式”，据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。
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