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上海市徐汇区2019届高三英语上学期期末学习能力诊断试题（含解析）考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。I. Listening prehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.音频A. At a special party. B. At a hair-dressing salon.C. At a night club. D. At a fashion show.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: How would you like your hair today? The same style as usual?W: I have a special party to attend tonight and Id like to change my style.Q: Where does the dialogue most probably happen?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。2.音频A. Finland. B. Egypt. C. Mexico. D. Zambia.【答案】D【解析】【分析】W: Where would you probably go for this ing vacation?M: Hmm. I think I would go to Southern Africa.Q: Which of the following countries will the man probably go?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。3.音频A. Camping. B. Travelling. C. Sporting. D. Shopping.【答案】A【解析】【分析】M: Youre absolutely right. Its such a good escape from everyday life.W: Yes. I love sleeping outside, cooking over an open fire and hearing all the nature sounds.Q: What are they most probably talking about?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。4.音频A. She is also a fan of Argentina. B. She is also working very hard.C. She loves American football so much. D. She works for the World Cup.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: Im saving up my vacation time at work so I can go to the World Cup next year.W: Really? Me too. Actually, Im an Argentina fan.Q: Why does the woman say “Me too.”?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。5.音频A. She threw something at a truck. B. She threw herself out of window and broke her leg.C. She moved a truck to save a little boy. D. She rushed to a moving truck to save a kid.【答案】D【解析】【分析】W: What? Sara broke her leg? What happened?M: Well. She threw herself in front of a moving truck to save a little boy in the middle of the road.Q: What did Sara do?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。6.音频A. They planned to go skiing in the rain. B. They just want to grab the chance.C. They will probably change their mind. D. Theyll go skiing even in the rain.【答案】C【解析】【分析】M: The weather forecast said that there is a chance of rain tomorrow. Well still go skiing?W: Maybe we shouldnt risk it. Im not sure I want to get stuck in the rain.Q: What do we learn from the talk?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。7.音频A. Lisa likes the messy situation. B. Lisa made the mess.C. He and Lisa are settling a problem. D. Lisa likes the new place.【答案】D【解析】【分析】W: How are you settling in?M: Oh, we are still in a bit of a mess, but Lisa seems to like it here.Q: What does the man mean?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。8.音频A. The lady should stop being patient. B. He cant understand the ladys feeling.C. The lady should not blame others. D. Nobody may be interested in her problem.【答案】C【解析】【分析】W: You just dont know what I feel! Everything is getting worse, because of him.M: Stop blaming other people. Be patient, and think positively.Q: What does the man mean?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。9.音频A. Certain gift from Hawaii. B. A grand wedding party.C. Two plane tickets to Hawaii. D. A picture of the moon.【答案】C【解析】【分析】M: Congratulations! Its absolutely a grand wedding party. Have you opened the gift I gave you?W: Yes. Thanks a lot. Hawaii is a nice place for the honeymoon.Q: Whats probably the gift?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。10.音频A. They went to see a movie. B. The dancers impressed them both.C. The woman is also a dancer. D. The man invited the lady to the show.【答案】B【解析】【分析】M: What a fantastic performance! Thank you for inviting me to the musical.W: You are wele. Im happy you enjoyed the show. The dancers were amazing. It reminds me of when I used to dance.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?【详解】此为听力题， 解析略。Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following passage.音频11. A. Aircraft design. B. Mathematics. C. Engineering. D. Science.12. A. 40. B. 14. C. 4. D. 0.13. A. She stuck to studying engineering at college.B. She addressed to students at high schools and colleges.C. She tried to persuade women not to do engineering for its hard work.D. She researched defense systems of satellites and rockets.【答案】11. B 12. D 13. B【解析】Mary Ross was born on August 9, 1908, in the state of Oklahoma. Her work is considered critical to the early stages of the age of space travel.Ross showed special abilities in math and science from an early age. As a student, she developed an interest in aviation, the practice of flying aircraft. She went on to earn a masters degree in mathematics from Colorado State Teachers College - now called the University of Northern Colorado.During World War II, Ross began working for the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation as a mathematician. There, she was urged to plete work in aircraft engineering. She earned a special certification in the field from the University of California - Los Angeles in 1949.Ross was later chosen to join Lockheeds top-secret Skunk Works team that worked on aircraft designs. The name refers to a group that is permitted to work independently on advanced projects. She was the only female engineer among the teams 40 members.Early on, she researched defense systems. By the late 1950s, her work centered on satellites and a series of space rockets called Agenda. The rockets were extremely important in the 1960s during the Apollo moon program.Ross retired from Lockheed in 1973. But she continued to give talks at high schools and colleges to encourage more women and Native Americans to study engineering.Mary Ross died in 2008, a few months before her 100th birthday.Questions:In what major did Ross get her masters degree?How many female colleagues did Ross have when working in a Lockheeds top-secret team?What did Ross go on to do after her retirement?【11题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。【12题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。【13题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。Questions are based on the following passage.音频14. A. The South Atlantic Ocean. B. The coast of South America.C. African continent. D. The coast of Angola.15. A. He studies the similarities between ancient and modern animals.B. He discovers the remains of ancient sea animals on the coast.C. He studies the cause of separation of South America and Africa.D. He helps do the arrangement of the ancient animal remains in a museum.16. A. Because the remains were exposed on the coast.B. Because these animals used to live close to each other in one place.C. Because these animals were driven to one place and killed.D. Because these animals were all eaten by one large, fierce ancient sea animal.【答案】14. D 15. D 16. B【解析】Millions of years ago, many large, strange-looking sea creatures lived in what is now the South Atlantic Ocean. Scientists say the continents of South America and Africa separated millions of years ago. As this happened, they say, many kinds of dangerous animals and other life forms settled in the newly formed body of water off the coast of Angola.Today, scientists are studying ancient animal remains discovered on the Angolan coast. They knew there would be remains in the area, but didnt know how good they would be.Jacobs and a team of scientists and students helped prepare the remains to be shown at the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. He said visitors to the museum can see the similarity between the ancient and modern ocean environment and animals.Michael Polcyn, another researcher, says one ancient fish-eating animal had a long nose and teeth similar to that of a dolphin. He notes that visitors can see the remains of large, fierce animals, as well as gentler creatures like an ancient giant sea turtle.We have a clear picture of this moment in time 72 million years ago that has preserved all of these animals that were living together in one place.Scientists say a large rock from space hit the earth millions of years ago and killed most of the animals.Questions:Where are scientists studying the ancient animal remains?What does Jacobs do?Why could scientists find so many ancient animal remains?【14题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。【15题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。【16题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。Questions are based on the following passage.音频17. A. A saving account in a single name. B. A saving account in joint names.C. A checking account in a single name. D. A checking account in joint names.18. A. 4. B. 3 C. 2 D. 119. A. The lady and her brothers or sisters. B. The ladys parents.C. The lady and her father. D. The lady and her mother.20. A. Identification paper, photograph, a letter of introduction and some money.B. Identification paper, some clarifications, a letter of introduction and some money.C. A letter of introduction, photographs, a check book and some money.D. Driving license, identification paper, photos, and a letter of introduction.【答案】17. B 18. A 19. C 20. A【解析】W: Good morning, sir. May I e in?M: Good morning. Yes, please. Take a seat. I guess you want to open an account, right?W: Yes.M: Great! What account do you want to open, a checking account or a savings account?W: I would like to open a savings account in your bank. What is the procedure?M: Would you like to open an account in a single name or in joint names?W: I would like to open a joint account with my father.M: In that case both of you have to present identification papers and a set of two photographs each.W: Would it be alright if I brought a photocopy of my driving license?M: Yes, that would be fine. In fact, photocopies of your voters card electricity bill, or driving license are accepted.W: Is that all that is required?M: Just one more requirement. We need an introduction by an account holder of our bank.W: Fine Ill get that. Just two more clarifications, please. What is the minimum bank balance needed for opening the account and what is the interest rate on a savings account?M: The minimum balance is $ 500 and we are offering an interest rate of 3.5% on the savings account these days.W: Ill be back with all the stuff needed.M: Yes, on opening an account with us we will give you a cheque book for withdrawals and a pass book for keeping an account. Both you and your father can operate the account.W: Thank you for all the help.M: A friendly and prompt customer service is our motto.Questions:What kind of account does the lady want to open?How many photos does the lady need to prepare for a new account?Who may withdraw money from the account?What does a person need to open a savings account in this bank?【17题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。【18题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。【19题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。【20题详解】此为听力题， 解析略。II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staying on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate(南方联盟) troops were led by perhaps _21_ (honored) military tactician(战略家) in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union (北方联盟)soldiers were led by “Fighting” Joe Hooker.In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a solemn, measured character. Hooker was a blond, broad-shouldered young man _22_ pride over his appearance was but one aspect of his self-centeredness. Whereas Lee was loyal and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.Despite the fact that the Confederacy _23_ (win) the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were starving, _24_ (exhaust), and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, “My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, _25_ God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none.” Why was Hooker so confident?Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to pile a vast amount of intelligence about Lees army. He had already been aware, for example, _26_ Lee had only 61,000 men to Hookers own 134,000. Supported by his superior numbers, Hooker secretly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves _27_ Lees army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lees only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus _28_ (assure) a Union victory.Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive _29_ (dismiss) as cowards. Having bee convinced that Lee had no choice but _30_ (retreat), Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lees army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, pletely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lees troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hookers forces withdrew in defeat.【答案】21. the most honored 22. whose 23. had won 24. exhausted 25. may 26. that 27. behind 28. assuring 29. were dismissed 30. to retreat【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在美国南北战争时期著名的钱瑟勒斯维尔战役中，著名的军事战略家Robert E. Lee将军领导的南方联盟军扭转不利战局，最终战胜了年轻自大的Joe Hooker指挥的北方联盟军。【21题详解】考查形容词。句意：南方联盟军是由也许是美国历史上最受尊敬的军事战略家Robert E. Lee将军领导的。根据句意可知此处表示“美国历史上最受尊敬的军事战略家”，应该用形容词最高级，故填the most honored。【22题详解】考查定语从句。句意：Hooker是一个金发碧眼、肩膀宽阔的年轻人，他对自己外表的骄傲只是他自我为中心的一个方面。此处为定语从句，先行词为man，从句中缺少定语，故填whose。【23题详解】考查时态。句意：Hooker宣称，尽管南方联盟军在过去的四场主要战役中都取得了胜利，但士兵们饥寒交迫、筋疲力尽、士气低落， 但他的计划是完美的。win这个动作发生在proclaimed之前，也就是过去的过去，应该用过去完成时，故填had won。【24题详解】考查形容词。句意参考上题解析，修饰人用ed结尾的形容词，表示“感到的”，故填exhausted。【25题详解】考查情态动词。句意：当我实施我的计划时，愿上帝保佑Bobby Lee。通常用may表示“祝愿”，故填may。【26题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：例如，他已经知道Lee只有61,000人，而他有134,000人。aware后是宾语从句，从句结构完整，所以用that引导，be aware表示“意识到、知道”，故填that。【27题详解】考查介词。句意：在上级的支持下，Hooker秘密地把7万士兵调离15英里并过河，然后命令他们偷偷地潜伏到Lee将军的后方，根据句意此处表示“在的后面”，故填behind。【28题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Lee唯一的选择是退回到Richmond，从而保证了北方联盟军的胜利。Lee与assure之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填assuring。【29题详解】考查时态语态。句意：那些警告Hooker说Lee正在进攻的士兵被斥为懦夫。soldiers与dismiss之间是被动关系，而且讲述的是过去的事情，应该用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were dismissed。【30题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：确信Lee除了撤退别无选择后，Hooker开始忽略现实。have no choice but to do表示“别无选择，只能”，故填to retreat。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat _31_ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body bees overheated and cannot _32_ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally _33_ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) _34_ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, _35_ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) _36_ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106 F or more); a rapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating _37_. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be _38_ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or _39_ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling _40_. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102 F.【答案】31. F 32. H 33. I 34. A 35. G 36. J 37. K 38. E 39. B 40. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了热衰竭和中暑的症状以及一些急救措施。【31题详解】考查名词。句意：热反应通常发生在筋疲力竭的运动后，由于出汗过多而流失大量的水分和盐，此处缺少名词作主语，根据occur判断是复数名词，故填F。【32题详解】考查动词。句意：当身体过热而又无法消除这种过热时，就有可能发生热衰竭和中暑。此处缺少谓语，cannot后接动词原形，故填H。【33题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：热衰竭的特征通常是皮肤出汗、疲劳、虚弱、头晕、大量出汗，有时还会晕倒，这些是由水的摄入量不足和汗液流失而导致的。be characterized by表示“以为特点”，故填I。【34题详解】考查形容词。句意参考上题解析，修饰intake用形容词，表示“不足的”，故填A。【35题详解】考查动词。句意：这种情况的急救措施包括让患者躺下，抬起脚8到12寸，在皮肤上敷凉的湿布，在一小时内给患者喝盐水（每杯一茶勺，每15分钟半杯）。此处与having，applying及giving并列作include的宾语，应该用动名词，故填G。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：中暑严重得多，它是一种立即威及生命的情况。修饰名词situation用形容词，根据中暑严重得多可知此处表示“立即的”，故填J。【37题详解】考查名词。句意：中暑的特征是体温偏高，快速的脉搏、发热、皮肤干燥以及出汗机制受阻。此处缺少可数名词作表语，表示“机制”，故填K。【38题详解】考查名词。句意：这种情况的患者可能是无意识的，急救措施应该针对迅速冷却身体。be directed at表示“针对、对准”，故填E。【39题详解】考查副词。句意：应将患者置于装有冷水的浴缸中或反复用冷水擦洗，直至其体温充分降低。修饰动词sponged用副词，故填B。【40题详解】考查名词。句意：风扇或空调也有助于冷却过程。此处缺少名词作help with的宾语，指前面提到的让患者体温降低的过程，故填C。III. Reading prehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent _41_ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was _42_ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to _43_ daylight.Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it _44_ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the _45_, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.In England, builder William Willett (18571915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were _46_ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce _47_ a bill in the House of mons to make it obligatory(义务) to _48_ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mo
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