2019-2020年高一英语《Unit 1 Friendship》Grammar学案(I).doc

2019-2020年高一英语Unit 1 FriendshipGrammar学案(I)Teaching Aims:1. 了解直接引语和间接引语。2. 掌握陈述句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变间接引语的方法。Important and difficult Point: 掌握宾语从句中时态的一致性.一、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 1.陈述句用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb that, told sb that，不可直接说told that Eg. He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 解题步骤: “I dont like puters,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont like puters . she didntSarah said to her friends that she didnt like puters.2.一般疑问句 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 解题步骤:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him ) “It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.”They asked him if it is easy to improve the condition of the soil wasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.3.特殊疑问句 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序 He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 解题步骤：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him ) you harvest the wheatThey asked him When you harvest the wheat. He harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.4.选择疑问句 用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 二、在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1. 注意时态的变化 Direct Indirect Present PastPast Past and Past perfectPresent perfect Past perfect Past perfect Past perfect 2. 注意人称变化。3. 注意指示代词的变化this, these (that, those)4. 注意时间的变化now, today ,this week ,yesterday, last week ,four days ago ,the day before yesterday ,tomorrow ,next month(then, that day, that week,the day before ,the week before, four days before ,two days before ,the next day, the next month)5. 注意地点的变化here (there)6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化e, bring (go, take)三、谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变The children said, “We love this game.”They told us that they love that game.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:1. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候 2. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时 3. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时 4. 当引语是谚语、格言时5. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时 四 Exercises:1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this work.”2. He said , “I havent heard from him since May.”_3. Tom said “I will see you next week.”_4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me._5. “I dont like swimming,” said Sarah._6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian._7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）.单项选择1. He asked _ for the puter. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?” He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. if I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater was C. whats the matter D. what was the matter10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do11. Its hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall Direct and Indirect Speech（Unit One Grammar） 答案1. He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.2. He said that he hadnt heard from him since May3. Tom said that he would see me the next week.4. The teacher asked me why I was late again5. Sarah said she didnt like swimming.6. His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”7. My classmate asked me if I had been to Paris.答案与简析：1. D 宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 2. . D 一般疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句.3. . C 直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask (请求), tell (告诉), order (命令), invite (邀请), warn (警告), advise (建议)等, 而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不等式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb. (not) to do sth.4. . D直接引语为陈述句, 变间接引语时用that引导(口语中常省略)。 5. . C 6. . B反意疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。7. . C 选择疑问句要变成whether或if引导的宾语从句。8. . C直接引语为特殊疑问句, 变间接引语时, 用特殊疑问词引导, 并将疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。9. . D注意时态的一致。What作主语，the matter（=wrong）作表语。10. . D直接引语为祈使句, 变间接引语时, 主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口 气换用。.11.解析：答案B。本题考查了fall in love在虚拟语气中的应用，从标志性时间状语at the age of seven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气结构中，若指过去，从句中动词形式用过去完成时，主句中谓语动词形式用 would/should/might/ could/have done。