研究生英语阅读教程基础级第三版PPT.ppt

MainIdea Thisisafriendlywarningtobewell prepared themore thebetterandwhatwecando IMaloneydescribedhisfirstexperiencewiththisquestion Afterdiscussingtheproblems heturnedthequestionaround WhyshouldIbehired Thismadethequesitonmoresignificant Thenheknewhowtopreparetherightcredentials skillsandexperiences 1 MainIdea IIStudentsneedtoexpectashiftintheircareersthreeormoretimes Manyfindtheyneverworkintheirchosenfields Why ReducedworkforcesstillneededtomaintainthesameorhigherproductivityintheGlobalMarket Orsomeearninghigherpayhadtobelaidoffonlytobe 2 MainIdea replacedbyparttimeorcontractworkersforlesspay Somegovernmentagencieshavedownsized somefromfundingcuts Nowgraduatesneedtolearnhowtofitintothisnewworkworld IIIManystudentssimplydonotlookahead donot 3 MainIdea preparefortheskillsneededbyfutureemployers Theytrusttheirprogramstoomuch Prepareyourselftobedesirabletoprospectiveemployersbytakingextracoursesinthatfield gettinggoodgrades allhelps Getexperience volunteerand thinkaboutwhattypeofpeopleareinyourchosenfieldandlearntodothesame 4 LanguagePoints 1 licensen c line5 para 2 1 document anofficialdocumentgivingyoupermissiontoownordosthforaperiodoftime permit 颁发 吊销 暂扣 申请驾驶执照togrant revoke suspendadriver slicense 为设备颁发出口许可证toissueanexportlicencefortheequipment 5 LanguagePoints 2 n u c anagreementwithacompanyororgani zationgivingpermissiontomake sellorusetheirproduct 我完全取得了行医的许可 Ihadfulllicensetopracticemedicine 这些货物只有经许可才可进口 Theitemscouldonlybeimportedunderlicence 6 LanguagePoints 3 vttogiveofficialpermissionforsomeonetodoorproducesth orforanactivitytotakeplace 这家餐馆有酒类销售执照 Thisrestaurantislicensedtosellalclhol 药剂师获准开处方配药 Thepharmacistislicensedtodispensedrugs 7 LanguagePoints 2 pulsen c singular1 theregularbeatthatcanbefelt forexampleatyourwrist asyourheartpumpsbloodaroundyourbody heartbeat 他们经常检查他的呼吸 脉搏和血液 Theymadefrequentchecksonhisrespiration pulseandblood 他脉搏很弱 但心脏还跳着 Hispulseislow buthisheartisstillactive 8 LanguagePoints 2 n u theideas feelings oropinionsthataremostimportanttoaparticulargroupofpeopleorhavethegreatestinfluenceonthemataparticulartime 白宫坚持称总统是了解黑人群体的心声的 TheWhiteHouseinsiststhatthePresidentisintouchwiththepulseoftheblackcommunity 9 LanguagePoints 3 sensationn c line5 para 2 1 afeelingthatisdifficulttodescribe causedbyaparticularevent experience ormemory 漂流会是一种非常惬意的感觉 Floatingcanbeaverypleasantsensation 那么多年以后又见到他 是一种不可思议的感觉 Seeinghimagainaftersomanyyearswasastrangesensation 10 LanguagePoints 2 yourabilitytofeelthingsphysically especiallythroughyoursenseoftouch 太疼了她都失去了知觉 Thepainwassobadthatshelostallsensation 神经损伤导致四肢麻木 Nervedamagecanleadtolossofsensationinthelimbs 11 LanguagePoints 4 previousadj line3 para 4 onlybeforenoun havinghappenedorexistedbeforetheevent time orthingthatyouaretalkingaboutnow 她前一段婚姻有一个十几岁的女儿 Shehasateenagedaughterfromapreviousmarriage 她索要了一份去年账目的打印件 Sheaskedforaprintoutofthepreviousyear saccounts 12 LanguagePoints 5 aspeedingticketn line6 para 4 drivingoffence aprintednoteorderingyoutopaymoneybecauseyouhavedonesthillegalwhiledrivingorparkingyourcar 拿到超速违章通知单的时候 他很生气 Hewasveryangrywhenhegotthespeedingticket 违章停车通知单aparkingticket 13 LanguagePoints 2 aprintedpieceofpaperwhichshowsthatyouhavepaidtoenteracinema travelonabus planeetc 音乐会招待券acomplimentarytickettoconcert 入场券admissionticket 双程车票around tripticket 14 LanguagePoints CATALOGUE 6 open endedadj line2 para 5 sththatisdoesnothaveadefiniteanswerordefiniterulesabouthowitmustbedone 这是一个开放性的问题 Thisisanopen endedquestion 所有线索都未能导致破案 每条线索都使案情扑朔迷离 Cluesfailedtoleadtoasolutionofthecrime allwasopen ended 15 LanguagePoints 7 queryn line2 para 5 1 aquestion especiallyoneaskingforinformationorexpressingadoubtaboutsth 我们的助理很乐意回答诸位的疑问 Ourassistantswillbehappytoansweryourqueries 若对保险单有疑问 你不妨拨打我们的咨询热线 Ifyouhaveaqueryaboutyourinsurancepolicy youmightaswellcontactourhelpline 16 LanguagePoints 2 aquestion especiallyoneaskingforinformationorexpressingadoubtaboutsth 因为约翰来不来我不肯定 所以我在他的名字旁边打个问号 BecauseI mnotsureifhe scoming IputaqueryagainstJohn sname 17 LanguagePoints 3 vttoexpressdoubtaboutwhethersth iscorrectornot 账单上的费用似乎太高了 我们对此表示怀疑 Wequeriedthebillasitseemedtoohigh 4 writtentoaskaquestion 由谁来当队长呢 杰克问道 Whowillbeleadingtheteam queriedJack 18 LanguagePoints 8 suitabilityn u line3 para 5 thedegreetowhichsthorsomeonehastherightqualitiesforaparticularpurpose 我们想评估一下他是否适合这项工作 Wetriedtoassesshissuitabilityforthejob 对这一职位他是否适宜很成问题 Hissuitabilityforthepostisopentoquestion 19 LanguagePoints Confusingspellings r sum resume assume r sum n line4 para 5 ashortofsummaryoraccountofsb 教授将他讲座的要点作了个提要 Theprofessorgavear sum ofthemajorpointsofhislecture 每一位申请人必须交一份学历简历 Everyapplicantmustsubmitar sum ofhiseducation 20 LanguagePoints Confusingspellings r sum nashortaccountofone scareerandqualifications resumevi vt tobeginagainorcontinueafteraninterruption 喝过茶后 会议继续进行 Aftertea themeetingresumed 他重新回到公司做原来的工作 Heresumedhisformerpositionwiththecompany 21 LanguagePoints Confusingspellings r sum resume assume assumevt 1 tothinkoracceptthatsth istruebutwithouthavingproofofit 普遍认为 紧张系工作过重所致 Itisgenerallyassumedthatstressiscausedbytoomuchwork 2 totakeorbegintohavepowerorresponsibility 法庭承担了这个女孩的福利责任 Thecourtassumedresponsibilityforthegirl swelfare 22 LanguagePoints 9 crucialtoadjprep line4 para 5 extremelyimportant becauseeverythingelsedependsonit 要实现我们的目标 钱是至关重要的 Moneywillbecrucialtotheaccomplishmentofourobjectives 这次试验的成功是整个工程的关键所在 Thesuccessofthisexperimentiscrucialtotheprojectasawhole 23 LanguagePoints 10 pointlessadj line8 para 5 worthlessornotlikelytohaveanyusefulresult 他向我们提了各种毫无意义的问题来拖延时间 Heaskedusallkindsofpointlessquestions stallingfortime 我们不了解所有的情况 妄加推测是没有意义的 Wedon tknowallthecircumstances soitwouldbepointlesstospeculate 24 LanguagePoints 11 turnaroundvadv line8 para 5 1 toturntotheoppositedirectionororder 我把椅子转过来面向火炉 Iturnedmychairaroundtofacethefire 2 tochangesth frombadtogood 采取措施以后 经济有了好转 Economyhasbeenturnedaroundaftersomemeasureshadbeentaken CATALOGUE 25 LanguagePoints 12 backupvadv lastlineofpara 5 1 tosupplyevidencetosuggestthatitistrue 从该星系中心收到的无线电信号证实了黑洞理论 Radiosignalsreceivedfromthegalaxy scentrebackuptheblackholetheory 1989年内政部的一份犯罪报告印证了她的观点 Herviewsarebackedupbya1989HomeOfficereportoncrime 26 LanguagePoints 2 tomakeacopyofitwhichyoucanuseiftheoriginalfileisdamagedorlost 一定要定期备份文件 Makeapointofbackingupyourfilesatregularintervals 当我因为忘了备份把完成的工作弄丢时 真是懊恼极了 IgetsoannoyedwhenIloseworkbecauseI veforgottentobackitup 27 LanguagePoints 3 toprovidesupportorhelpforsomeoneorsh 他的雇主给予了他支持 Hisemployersbackedhimup 4 thecarorothervehiclethatyouaredrivingmovesbackashortdistance 那辆公共汽车不得不先往后退 然后再掉头 Thebushadtobackupandturnaround 28 LanguagePoints 13 credentialn line12 para 5 1 documentsattestingtothetruthofcertainstatedfacts 公司的主管正在查验他的资格证书 Themanagerofthecompanyisexamininghiscredentials 2 thequalities trainingorexperiencethatmakeyousuitabletodosth 他做这项工作完全够格 Hehasallthecredentialsforthejob CATALOGUE 29 LanguagePoints 14 takeforgranted line1 para 6 toexpectthatsomeoneorsthwillalwaysbetherewhenyouneedthemandneverthinkhowimportantorusefultheyare 不要认为他的帮助是应该的 Don ttakehishelpforgranted 我们不要认为什么都是理所当然的 Weshouldn ttakeanythingforgranted 30 LanguagePoints 15 downsizevt vi line1 para 7 acompanyororga nizationreducesthenumberofpeopleitemploysinordertoreducecosts 美国制造商们一直在缩小他们工厂的规模 Americanmanufacturingorganizationshavebeendownsizingtheirfactories 销售业绩减少很多 所以他们必须缩小规模 Saleshavedecreasedsomuchthattheyneedtodownsize 31 LanguagePoints CATALOGUE 16 pick takeuptheslack line6 para 7 tomakeasystemororganizationasefficientaspossiblebymakingsurethatmoney space orpeoplearefullyused 如果你交不起学费 你父母能帮忙吗 Ifyoucannotaffordthefare canyourparentspick takeuptheslack 由于大型航空公司放弃了乘客较少的路线 一些较小的飞机正在加紧补位 Asmajorairlinesgiveupless traveledroutes smallerplanesarepickinguptheslack 32 LanguagePoints slackadjthereisnotmuchworkoractivity 电脑业的淡季theslackseasonincomputerindustry 对商品需求的萎缩theslackdemandoftheproductslackspluraltrousers 她从不穿休闲裤 Sheneverwearsslacks 33 LanguagePoints CATALOGUE 17 benefitpackagesn c plural line10 para 7 extramoneyorotheradvantagesthatyougetaspartofyourjoborfrominsurancethatyouhave 确保酒店的薪资福利水准在市场上具竞争力 Ensurethatsalaryandbenefitpackagesarecompetitivewiththemarket 我们提供一流的福利待遇 Weofferanexcellentbenefitspackage 34 LanguagePoints CATALOGUE 18 cutsn c plural line3 para 8 reductionareductioninthesizeoramountofsth especiallytheamountofmoneythatisspentbyagovernmentorcompany 药品的价格已大幅度下调 Bigcutshavebeenmadeinthepricesofmoney 国会强烈反对削减军费开支 Congressisstronglyopposedtocutsinmiliataryspending 35 LanguagePoints 19 nastya line4 para 8 1 dangerousorserious 他的眼神里露出凶光 Hehasanastylookinhiseye 交通事故发生后 他因严重的伤势被当即送往医救治 Hewassenttohospitalfortreatmentduetoanastyinjuryafterthetrafficaccident 36 LanguagePoints 2 verybadorunpleasant 她要跟着我 这会我感到十分不快 Ihadanastyfeelingthatshewouldfollowme 3 unkind unfriendly 她听见玛丽在说我的坏话 SheheardMarymakingnastyremarksaboutme 37 LanguagePoints 20 brutishadj line4 para 8 1 showinglackofhumansensibility 我无法容忍虐待动物的人 Ican tstandpeoplewhoarebrutishtoanimals 2 resemblingabreast 他父亲是个蛮横的醉鬼 Hisfatherisabrutishdrunkenman 38 LanguagePoints CATALOGUE 21 putsthonthecorrecttrack line11 para 10 tothinkinawaythatislikelytoleadtoacorrectorincorrectresult 我们有责任帮助他们走上正道 Itisourresponsibilitytoputthemontherighttrack 生产已经走上轨道 Productionhasalreadybeenputontherighttrack Antonym onthewrongtrack 39 LanguagePoints adetaileddescriptionofhowsth is orshouldbedesignedormade 22 specificationn line1 para 11 办公室是按高规格装潢的 Theofficewasfurnishedaccordingtoahighspecification 设计师并没有提供这辆新型号轿车的技术规格 Thedesignerdidnotprovidethetechnicalspecificationsofthisnewmodelcar CATALOGUE 40 LanguagePoints specifyvitogiveinformationaboutwhatisrequiredorshouldhappeninacertainsituation 他尚未明确说明自己希望他们采取什么样的行动 Hehasnotspecifiedwhatactionhewouldlikethemtotake 我们应指定会议的时间和地点 Weshouldspecifyatimeandaplaceforthemeeting 41 LanguagePoints 23 prospectivea line3 para 11 1 expectedtodosth ortobecomesth 他是个有潜力的领导者 能管理这个国家 Heisaprospectiveleaderwhoisabletocontrolthecountry 这篇报道应该对其他潜在的购买者起到警示作用 Thestoryshouldactasawarningtootherprospectivebuyers 42 LanguagePoints 2 expectedtohappensoon 他们对即将做出的法律修改忧心忡忡 Theyareworriedverymuchaboutprospectivechangesinthelaw 可能达成的交易的条款thetermsoftheprospectivedeal 43 LanguagePoints Synonyms anticipated coming intended forthcoming future imminent intended likely possible potential probableConfusingspelling prospectiveadjperspectivenawayofthinkingaboutsth viewpoint 44 LanguagePoints CATALOGUE 24 optionaladj line7 para 11 youdonothavetodoitoruseit butyoucanchoosetoifyouwantto notcompulsory 性教育对某些家长而言是个敏感领域 因此应该保持其非强制性 Sexeducationisasensitiveareaforsomeparents andthusitshouldremainoptional 考试中有些非必答问题 Therearesomeoptionalquestionsintheexamination 45 LanguagePoints toaddsth tosth inordertoimproveitormakeitmorecomplete 25 supplementvt line10 para 11 他在晚上做家教以补充收入 Hesupplementshisincomebygivingprivatelessonsintheevenings 搭配有维生素片的饮食有助于她手术后的康复 Adietthatissupplementedwithvitaminpillsishelpfultoherrecoveryfromtheoperation 46 LanguagePoints 2 apillthatyoutakeoraspecialkindoffoodthatyoueatinordertoimproveyourhealth 我吃含复合维生素和矿物质的营养剂 Itakeamultiplevitaminandmineralsupplement 3 aseparatepartofamagazineornewspaper oftendealingwithaparticulartopic 这是一本金融杂志月刊的特别增刊 Thisisaspecialsupplementtoamonthlyfinancialmagazine 47 LanguagePoints 26 make overn C U lastbut2ndlineofpara 11 theprocessof usingagaininalteringform 老师认为这位女孩需要在性格上做些改造 Theteacherthinksthatthegirlneedsaslightpersonalitymake over 你的工作尚有改进的余地 Thereisstillroomformake overinyourwork 48 LanguagePoints 27 soundoutvadv line5 para 13 totrytolearnsomeone opinionsandintentions ofteninanindirectway tofeelout 我想就一项工作探探他的口风 Iwantedtosoundhimoutaboutajob 他们决定试探一下她对那个项目的兴趣 Theydecidedtosoundoutherinterestintheproject 49 LanguagePoints placentaaj line6 para 13 pleasedwithasituation especiallysthyouhaveachiev ed sothatyoustoptryingtoimproveorchangethings self satisfied 我们决不能因进步变得自满 Wemustnotbecomecomplacentaboutprogress 他审视着自己的画作 一脸喜色 Therewasacomplacentlookinhisfaceasheexaminedhispaintings complacencyn thestateofbeingcomplacent 50 LanguagePoints 29 humanresourcesn u line5 para 14 orHR thedepartmentinacompanythatdealswithemploying training andhelpingpeople 我们有举世无双的人力资源 Wehaveunparalleledhumanresources 人力资源管理是任何工作特别是家庭工作成功的关键 Managementofhumanresourcesisakeytosuccessinanyoperation particularlyafamilyoperation 51 LanguagePoints 30 payoffvadv line7 para 14 1 toyieldaprofitorresult 他们的努力终于有了回报 Theirgreatereffortspaidoffintheend 2 tofinishpayingmoneyowedforsth 我们历经十年的时间还清了抵押借款 Wepaidoffourmortgageaftertenyears 52 1 IwasnomorepreparedtobecaughtspeedingthanIwaspreparedtoexplainwhyIshouldbepermanentlyemployedteachingEnglishatacommunitycollege line2 para 2 DifficultSentences 我没有做好超速被抓的思想准备 正如我没有做好让我解释为什么要长期雇用我在一所社区大学教英语的思想准备是一样的 53 2 Thequestionisasignificantone notjustbecauseyouwillencounterit insomeform aspartofajobinterview alongwithother open ended queriesdesignedtouncoveryourunderstandingofthepositionandofthesuitabilityofyourqualification line1 para 5 DifficultSentences 这是一个重要的问题 不仅仅是因为在工作面试中你会以某种形式遇到它 它还与其他一些已设计好的开放性问题一起来考察你对这个职位的了解程度 考察你对自己的资历是否适合这个职位的了解程度 54 3 Insomecompanies anotherconsequenceofasmallerworkforceisthereplacementofpermanentfull timeemployeeswhoreceivehighersalariesandsignificantbenefitpackageswithpart timeorcontractworkerswhoareofferedlowersalariesandfew ifany benefits line7 para 7 DifficultSentences 在一些公司 减员的另一个后果就是用非全日制或合同制工作人员来代替高工资和高福利待遇的全日制工作人员 为非全日制或合同制工作人员提供的工资相对较低 如果说他们有福利的话 也会很少 55 4 Shouldyouberegisteredinamorerigidlystructuredprogram knowingthatrealrequirementsofthejobyouwantdifferfromyourprogram sofferingscouldindicatethatyoushouldsupplementyoureducationwithadditionalcoursesbeyondcurriculum line8 para 11 DifficultSentences 如果你注册了一门不可更改的课程 而你又了解到你想得到的那份工作的实际要求和你所上课程的内容不同 那么这就表明你可以选则课表之外的课程来补充所学知识了 56 1 However justasexceedingthespeedlimitwill whentrafficpoliceareperformingproperly leadtoaspeedingticket sobeinginterviewedforanattractivecareer entrypositionwill whentheinterviewerknowswhattolookfor leaddirectlyorindirectlytothequestion Whyshouldwehireyou 然而 正如一名司机超速交警要让他吃罚单一样 在面试一份吸引人的 某一行业的入门职位的时候 如果面试官知道求职者找的是什么工作 就会直接或间接地问这样一个问题 我们为什么要雇用你 EXERCISES 57 2 Forsomeonewishingtobeginanewcareer theprospectsarestartingtolooknastyandbrutish andtheimmediatepictureisdistinctlyshortofjobs hours andrewardsfornewemployees 对想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说 前途开始显得险恶和残酷 而当下的情况确实是工作少 时间短 给新雇员工的工资也少 EXERCISES 58 3 Otherstudentsmayfindtheiracademicworkdifficultanddemandingenoughwithoutaddingtheheadacheofanticipatingyetmoredemands 其他学生可能会认为自己的课业很难 要求很高 就不想再费脑筋去预先考虑更多的要求了 EXERCISES 59 4 Ifyouareinaprogramwithavarietyofoptionalcourses yourknowledgeofthejobmarket sdemandswillhelpyoutomakemoreinformeddecisions 如果你的学习项目包括很多选修课 那么你要是了解就业市场的需求 就能帮助你做出更明智的抉择 EXERCISES 60 5 Youmaydiscoverthatitisquiteeasytogaininsightintoyourfieldofinterestjustbysoundingoutyourteacher 你可能会发现只是到老师那里探听些消息就能非常容易地深入了解你感兴趣的领域 EXERCISES 61 LessonFour 62