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北京2019中考英语阅读理解（九）专题十八 阅读理解第9讲 北京朝阳二模阅读理解CD篇教学目标1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。C篇名师点拨知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差basicallyadv.基本上nowadaysadv.现在，当今populationn.人口drivev.开车，驾驶leftadj.左边的opp. rightexactadj.准确的，严密的generallyadv.一般地，通常obviouslyadv.明显地happenv.发生forcev.强迫continuev.继续changev.改变becomev.变成avoidv.避免troublen.麻烦长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spreadleft-hand driving throughout Europe.（优*良*差*）_句意：当拿破仑攻占了这个国家，他强迫他们在路的右侧行进，这件事使左手驱动在欧洲范围内传播开来。本句中包含着一个由which引导的定语从句。2. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英国殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left.（优*良*差*）_句意：这就是为什么印度，澳大利亚和在非洲的前英国殖民地继续在左侧驾驶。本句中包含着一个由why引导的表语从句。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following statements is true/false?2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .A. get hurtB. give up cuttingC. feel awkwardD. change their tools本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。设题方式1. It can be inferred from the text that_.2. From the text we know that _.3. With which of the following does the author agree?4. The passage is probably taken from a _.解题技巧1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断典题精析Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up.Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .A. stress the great differences between themB. introduce a popular writer and a famous artistC. suggest good ways of going through boredomD. show effects of boredom on developing creativity本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。题型题型三：词义猜测题解释单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。设题方式1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _.2. The word“”most likely means _.3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _.解题技巧1. 通过因果关系猜测词义2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义3. 通过构词法猜测词义4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义5. 通过描述猜测词义6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义典题精析Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Slow down.B. Keep up with.C. Go beyond.D. Give rise to.本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。题型题型四：主旨大意题解释考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。设题方式1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _.2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _. / The passage is mostly about _.3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _. / The purpose of this article is to _.解题技巧1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图典题精析In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handersC. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers.本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。语篇精讲浏览问题（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号题干及选项1Nowadays, _of the worlds population drives on the right of the road.（细节理解题）A. around 74% B. around 65% C. around 19% D. around 17%2On Roman coins we can see pictures of horsemen _.（细节理解题）A. travelling throughout EuropeB. passing on each others rightC. practicing riding in the countryD. getting on the horses from the right3Which of the following is true according to the passage?（细节理解题）A. Sweden changed to drive on the right in 1974.B. People drive on the left side of the road in Egypt.C. Napoleon helped with the spread of left-hand driving.D. People have known the exact reasons for driving on the left.4What is the writers purpose for writing this passage?（主旨大意题）A. To explain the advantages of the two ways of driving.B. To compare the differences of the two ways of driving.C. To introduce the development of the two ways of driving.D. To complain about the change of the two ways of driving.通篇寻读（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备）话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3407分钟_/4There are basically two ways of driving in the world：if the drivers seat is on the left and cars travel on the right side of the road, it is called “left-hand driving”, as it is in China; Instead, it is called “right-hand driving”, as it is in Britain. Nowadays, around 65% of the worlds population drives on the right of the road, while the rest is used to driving on the left.Though no one knows the exact reasons, it seems likely that people in ancient times travelled on the left. Roman coins show pictures of horsemen passing on each others right. And right-handed people generally got on a horse from the animals left. Obviously, its safer to do this at the left side of the road, so it makes sense for the horse to be ridden on the left.A change happened in the late 1700s. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe. However, Britain still stuck with the right-hand driving role and countries which were part of the British Empire were made to follow. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英国殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left. One exception is Egypt, as that country was defeated(打败）by Napoleon before becoming part of the British Empire.Some countries changed sides until modern times. Sweden only moved to driving on the right in 1967 and Iceland changed the following year. Ghana changed sides in 1974. On September 7, xx, Samoa became the third country ever to change from left- to right-hand driving for the reason that it made it easier to import(进口）cheap cars from right-hand driving Japan, Australia and New Zealand.So if you want to travel to mother country or go on business, make sure you know whether it is left- or right-hand driving to avoid unnecessary troubles.逐题分析语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要介绍了左手驱动和右手驱动两种路面驾驶方式，它们的历史及发展。1. Nowadays, _of the worlds population drives on the right of the road.A. around 74% B. around 65% C. around 19% D. around 17%解析：B.细节理解题。根据题干关键词the worlds population drives on the right of the road可将答案锁定在文中第一段中，根据关键句Nowadays, around 65% of the worlds population drives on the right of the road可知在路的右侧驾驶的人口数为65%，故选B。2. On Roman coins we can see pictures of horsemen _.A. travelling throughout EuropeB. passing on each others rightC. practicing riding in the countryD. getting on the horses from the right解析：B. 细节理解题。根据题干关键词可将答案锁定在文章第二段中，根据段中关键句Roman coins show pictures of horsemen passing on each others right.可知正确答案为B.3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Sweden changed to drive on the right in 1974.B. People drive on the left side of the road in Egypt.C. Napoleon helped with the spread of left-hand driving.D. People have known the exact reasons for driving on the left.解析：C. 细节理解题。本题需要逐项排除，A意为“瑞典人在1974年改变为右侧驾驶”，根据倒数第二段关键句Sweden only moved to driving on the right in 1967可以判定此项错误，排除；B意为“在埃及人们在道路的左侧驾驶”，根据第三段关键句One exception is Egypt“埃及例外”，本句话前面的句子说的是左侧驾驶，埃及例外，可以推断出埃及应该不是左侧驾驶，故此项错误，排除；C意为“拿破仑帮助了左手驱动的传播”，根据第三段关键句which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe.可以判定此项正确；D意为“人们已经知道了左侧驾驶的精确原因”，根据第二段关键句Though no one knows the exact reasons可以判定此项错误，排除，故本题选C。4. What is the writers purpose for writing this passage?A. To explain the advantages of the two ways of driving.B. To compare the differences of the two ways of driving.C. To introduce the development of the two ways of driving.D. To complain about the change of the two ways of driving.解析：C主旨大意题。本题需要我们选择的是文章的写作目的，A意为“解释两种驾驶方式的优点”，文章中没有提到，故排除；B项意为“对比两种驾驶方式的不同”，本项文章有涉及到，但不够全面；C项意为“介绍两种驾驶方式的发展”，浏览全文会在各段中发现一些时间短语，可判断出此项正确；D项意为“抱怨两种驾驶方式的改变”，文章没有提到这一点，排除故选C。精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个）单词词性及词义单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种）细节理解题1、2、3推理判断题词义猜测题主旨大意题4能力提升基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义basicallyadv.nowadaysadv.populationn.v.开车，驾驶adj.左边的adj.准确的，严密的generallyadv.obviouslyadv.v.发生v.强迫continuev.v.改变v.变成v.避免troublen.二、句子英汉互译1. 因特网是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能发生。_.2. 原因是你不信任她。_.3. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spreadleft-hand driving throughout Europe._.4. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英国殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left._.5. This is the family which is planning to move to the city. _.阅读练习话题体裁字数建议用时实际用时正确率星级日常生活类说明文3237分钟_/4The most interesting thing to see in Malaysia is the ever-increasing number of festivals held around the country. Made up of traditional cultural celebrations, religious (宗教的) holidays and modern sporting or cultural events, Malaysias festivals mean theres always a party to be found.More traditional events, such as World Kite Festival, the Magic of the Night and the Lantern Festivalto name just a fewall appear in many calendars around the nation. Traditional religious celebrations, such as Chinese New Year and Christmas, are also popular in Malaysia and are celebrated across different cultures and backgrounds.The greatest event of the years calendar for any food lover will be the Malaysia Gourmet Festival, held throughout chosen hotels in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur.One of the most popular of these new additions is the Malaysia Year End Sale, which runs from November through to early January. All around the nation therere cheaper sales.When it comes to the celebrations, Malaysians are some of the most generous (慷慨的) people in the world. During many of the years important events, Malaysians will open their homes to friends, families and strangers (including tourists) in a tradition known as “Rumah Terbuka” or “Open House”. Attending an Open House is a great opportunity to join the Malaysian, make friends and enjoy delicious local food. The government or local groups will also sometimes offer an Open House in a larger place, such as a big hall. Everyone is welcome to take part in such events, which have helped create a positive (积极的) air.xx has been decided to be the Year of Festivals in Malaysiaso theres never been a better time to visit Malaysia than now. Just turn the page to see some of the important events taking place over the next 12 months. And for more information on traveling to Malaysia, please visit www.tourism.gov.my. 1. What kind of festival is World Kite Festival in Malaysia?（细节理解题）A. A traditional event. B. A religious holiday.C. A sporting event.D. A cultural celebration.2. Which of the following is the greatest event for food lovers?（细节理解题）A. The Lantern Festival.B. The Malaysia Year End Sale.C. The Magic of the Night.D. The Malaysia Gourmet Festival.3. The underlined part “Open House” in the passage means “_”.（词义猜测题）A. leaving ones room door open B. keeping a shop open day and nightC. letting visitors stay at ones home D. offering visitors free hotel rooms 4. What is the writers purpose in the passage?（主旨大意题）A. To encourage us to visit Malaysia.B. To report some interesting festivals.C. To share his own experience.D. To introduce a foreign country.参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语词性词义basicallyadv.基本上nowadaysadv.现在，当今populationn.人口drivev.开车，驾驶leftadj.左边的exactadj.准确的，严密的generallyadv.一般地，通常obviouslyadv.明显地happenv.发生forcev.强迫continuev.继续changev.改变becomev.变成avoidv.避免troublen.麻烦二、句子英汉互译。1. Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 2. The reason was that you dont trust her. 3. 当拿破仑攻占了这个国家，他强迫他们在路的右侧行进，这件事使左手驱动在欧洲范围内传播开来。4. 这就是为什么印度，澳大利亚和在非洲的前英国殖民地继续在左侧驾驶。5. 这是要搬进城里的一家。阅读练习1. A 2. D 3. C 4. AD篇名师点拨知识篇高频词单词/短语词性词义拓展掌握情况优良差clearlyadv. 清晰的actuallyadv.事实上causev.引起，导致considerv.考虑，认为confusingadj.令人困惑的oppositeadj.相反的invitationn.邀请v. invitepoliteadj.有礼貌的probablyadv.大概，或许expectv.期待，预料touchv.触动interruptv.打扰remindv.提醒，使想起suggestv.建议，暗示n. suggestion长难句1. Although this sentence is not very common in England any more, it clearly shows how we dont always say what we mean. （优*良*差*）_句意：虽然这句话在英国不再常见了，但它清晰地展示了我们是怎样总是说的与所要表达的意思不一致的。本句话包含了由although引导的让步状语从句，“虽然”，但要注意although不与but连用。2. If I didnt want you to come, I wouldnt have invited you in the first place!（优*良*差*）_句意：如果我不想让你来，我就不会在一开始邀请你了。本句为由if引导的非真实条件句，这部分知识是高中的语法重点，可以简单了解。3. This reminded me again that politeness depends on which culture were in. （优*良*差*）_句意：这再一次提醒我礼貌取决于我们处于哪一种文化之中。本句包含着一个由which引导的宾语从句做on的宾语。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读理解解题步骤第一步快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。第二步浏览问题，明确要求。把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。第三步通篇寻读，确定段落。也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。第四步逐条分析，对号入座。把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。第五步复读全文，验证答案。全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。二、阅读理解解题技巧初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。题型题型一：细节理解题解释本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。设题方式1. Which of the following statements is true/false?2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned?3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)?解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案典题精析Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will .A. get hurtB. give up cuttingC. feel awkwardD. change their tools本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Dont be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。题型题型二：推理判断题解释推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作
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