2019-2020年人教版高中英语必修三教学案：Unit 4 Section 1(含答案).doc

If you watch the sky about an hour after the sun goes down, you may see some “moving stars”. But theyre not real stars. They are manmade satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station (ISS国际空间站)From now until July is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth, and people can see it just with their eyes. The ISS is the biggest manmade satellite because scientists want to live on it. They think that the best way to learn more about space is to live there.When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built.The ISS is the most ambitious and expensive space program ever. Billions of dollars are being spent on it every year. Scientists hope that the ISS will be a steppingstone for future space exploration.“The ISS will help us better understand the human body, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth better，”said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist.China is not an ISS country, but it has helped with some of theexperiments. China sent some rice up to the ISS to find outwhat space would do to it.The ISS is not finished yet. More than 100 parts need to beput on. Scientists hope it will be finished as soon as possible. After its finished, more than 90% of the worlds population will be able to see the Space Station. So keep looking up, and maybe youll see it get bigger.2019-2020年人教版高中英语必修三教学案：Unit 4 Section 1(含答案)原文呈现读文清障HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely acceptedtheory， the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and bine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to bee was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They werein time to produce carbondioxide， nitrogen， water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down， water began to appear on its surface.as it happened so long ago是as引导的原因状语从句。according to“根据”，后跟名词、代词等，不跟me, us, view, opinion等词。widely accepted广泛接受的theory/IrI/n学说；理论begin with (start with) 从开始，起源于Big Bang宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸in all directions (in every direction)朝四面八方atom/tm/n原子billion/bIlIn/pron.&n.&adj.英万亿；美十亿a cloud of dust一团尘埃a cloud of 一般用来修饰不可数名词。globe/lb/n球体；地球仪；地球global/lbl/adj.全球性的；全世界的violent/vaIlnt/adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的it为形式主语，whether从句为真正的主语。in time to do sth./for sth.及时做某事；来得及做某事in time及时；终于carbon dioxide二氧化碳carbon/kbn/n碳dioxide/daIksaId/n二氧化物nitrogen/naItrdn/n氮water vapour 蒸气；水蒸气vapour/veIp/n水蒸气；蒸气atmosphere/tmsfI/n大气层；气氛cool down 凉下来，冷却地球上生命的起源第12段译文没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，因为在很久以前它就形成了。然而，根据一种普遍为人们所接受的理论，宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，地球还只是一团尘埃。(随后)它变成什么没人确定，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固态的球体。地球变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火和岩石，最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更重要的是，随着地球冷却了下来，地球的表面开始出现了水。Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolveharmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction， which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen， which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians， were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by layingeggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs， developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.unlike/nlaIk/prep.与不同；不像反义词like prep.与相同fundamental/fndmentl/adj.基本的；基础的be fundamental to是的基础It was not immediately obvious that ., it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。the continued presence of water 水的长期存在continued adj.持续不断的presence/prezns/n出席；到场；存在dissolve/dIzlv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散harmful/hmfl/adj.有害的be harmful to对有害(do harm to)acid/sId/n酸a chain reaction连锁反应chain/teIn/n.链子；连锁；锁链in chains戴着镣铐reaction/rIkn/n反应；回应multiply/mltIplaI/vi.&vt.乘；增加oxygen/ksIdn/n氧encourage vt.鼓励；激励；促进；激发shellfish/elfI/n.水生有壳动物called amphibians“被称为两栖动物”，过去分词短语called .作后置定语。amphibian/mfIbIn/n两栖动物as well as 也；还；与一样好reptile/reptaIl/n.爬行动物；爬虫lay eggs下蛋；产卵dinosaur n恐龙exist/IgzIst/vi.存在；生存the age of the dinosaurs恐龙时代why引导的主语从句。the rise of mammals哺乳动物的兴起mammal/mml/n哺乳动物give birth to 产生；分娩第34段译文在其他行星像火星上也出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水对生命的发展起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。好几百万年以后，水的表面开始出现了第一批极小的植物。它们繁殖起来使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始在陆地上生长。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，它们既能在陆地上生活，也能在水里生活。后来，当这些植物长成森林时，爬行动物第一次出现了。它们一般是通过孵蛋来繁衍后代的。再后来，一些叫恐龙的巨型动物出现了。它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的兴起成为了可能。这些动物不同于以往所有的生命形态，因为它们从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn， bee the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may bee too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether this problem can be solved.thus/s/adv.因此；于是in ones turn轮到某人；接着prevent .from doing阻止/制止做as a result of由于的结果too hot to live on太热而不能在上面居住too .to .太而不能；live on中的on不能省略，因为the earth是其逻辑上的宾语，而live是不及物动词，后须加介词才能跟宾语。depend on取决于；依靠第5段译文最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明、长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们并没有照顾好地球，他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。因此，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不适合(生物的)生存。所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1astronomyA学说；理论2system B猛烈的；激烈的3theory C大气层；气氛4violent D基本的；基础的5atmosphere E乘；增加6fundamental F谜；(使)迷惑7harmful G存在；生存8multiply H有害的9exist I天文学10puzzle J系统；体系；制度11unlike K宗教；宗教信仰12religion L与不同；不像15_610_1112_答案：15IJABC610DHEGF1112LKLeadinLook at the pictures below and answer the following questions.1Are you interested in astronomy？What can you see in the following pictures?答案：A.The Solar SystemBThe Milky WayCThe Black Hole2Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. What do you know about the origin of life on earth?WhilereadingFastreading1First look at the title and the pictures of the text, and then skim the first sentence of each paragraph and finish the following question.Whats the main idea of the text?The passage mainly tells us the_formation_of_the_earth_and_the_development_of_life_on_it. 2.Match the main idea with the proper paragraph.(1)Paragraph 1AHow humans appeared and what effects they had on the earth.(2)Paragraph 2 BWater is very important to life on the earth.(3)Paragraph 3 CHow the earth formed.(4)Paragraph 4 DHow the plants and animals on the earth developed. (5)Paragraph 5 EIt is widely accepted that the universe began with a “Big Bang”答案：(1)(5)ECBDACarefulreadingChoose the best answers according to the text.1This passage is mainly about _.Athe earths atmosphereBthe solar systemCthe development of lifeDthe difference between the earth and other planets2What happened shortly after the “Big Bang”？AThe earth was just a cloud of energetic dust.BThe earth became a solid ball quickly.CThe earths atmosphere appeared.DWater stayed on the moon.3What makes the earth different from other planets?AIts quite warm on the earth.BThere is plenty of atmosphere.CSmall plants growing on the surface of the water appeared.DThe first oceans and seas were filled with oxygen.4When _， reptiles appeared.Athe first green plants began to appear on landBland animals appearedCthe plants grew into forestsDearly shellfish developed答案：14CACCStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.句式分析尝试翻译没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，因为在很久以前它就形成了。2What it was to bee was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.句式分析尝试翻译随后它变成什么没人确定，直到4538亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固态的球体。3What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.句式分析这是一个复合句。what引导主语从句；that引导表语从句；as在表语从句中引导状语从句。尝试翻译更重要的是，随着地球的不断冷却，地球表面出现了水。4So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to e will depend on whether this problem can be solved.句式分析尝试翻译所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。.阅读理解AEdmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of ets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular et was a very difficult mathematical (数学) problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton though he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a et had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)Now Halley set to work. He figured out (解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the ets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The ets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley. The different ets followed the same orbit. The more halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different ets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same et three times. The et had gone away and had e back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what et would happen in the future. He decided that this et would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested. In 1758 the et appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he has died some years before. Ever since then that et has been called Halleys et, in his honor.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了200多年前英国科学家哈雷以及他的发现。1Halley made his discovery _.Aby doing experimentsBby means of his own careful observationCby using the work of other scientistsDby chance解析：选C细节理解题。由文中第三段“He figured out (解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the ets that had been observed by scientists.”可知应选C。2Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year _.A1704B1705C1706 D1707解析：选B数字计算题。第五段中的“He decided that this et would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halleys prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。3This passage in general is about _.AHalley and other scientistsBthe orbit of a etCNewton and HalleyDHalley and his discovery解析：选D主旨大意题。文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现。4Which of the following is TRUE?AEdmund Halley was an American scientist.BHalley made his discovery by doing experiments.CNewton was a famous mathematician.DThe orbit of a et had the shape of a circle.解析：选C细节理解题。从文章首句可以看出A项错误；从第1题的分析中可知B项也错误；牛顿告诉哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，可排除D项。BThe plan：turn the Mars into a blue world with streams and green fields, and then fill it with creatures from the earth.This idea may sound like something from science fiction, but it is actually being taken seriously by many researchers.This suggests the future for the “red planet” will be the main topic for discussion at an international conference hosted by NASA this week. Leading researchers as well as science fiction writers will attend the event. It es as NASA is preparing a multibilliondollar Mars research programme.“Turning the Mars into a little earth has long been a topic in science fiction，”said Dr.Michael Meyer, NASAs senior scientist. “Now, with scientists exploring the reality, we can ask what are the real possibilities of changing the Mars.”Most scientists agree that the Mars could be turned into a little earth, although much time and money would be needed to achieve this goal. But many experts are shocked by the idea.“We are destroying our own world at an unbelievable speed and now we are talking about ruining another planet，” said Paul Murdin from the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, UK.Over the past months, scientists have bee increasingly confident they will find Martian life forms. Europe and Americas robot explorers have found the proof that water, mixed with soil, exists in large amounts on the planet.In addition, two different groups of scientists announced on March 28 that they had found signs of methane (甲烷) in the Martian atmosphere; the gas is a waste product of living creatures and could be produced by microbes (微生物) living in the red planets soil.But scientists such as Dr.Lisa Pratt, a biologist at Indiana University, say that these microbes will be put in danger by the little earth project.“Before we have even discovered if there is life on the Mars, we are talking about carrying out projects that would destroy all these native life forms, all the strange microbes that we hope to find buried in the soil，” said Dr. Pratt.Monica Grady, a planetary scientist at the Natural History Museum, London, shares this view.“We cannot risk starting a global experiment that would wipe out the precious information we are looking for，” she said. “This is just wrong.”语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文。在太空开拓人类新的生存领地一直是科幻小说的主题，也是人类一直希望实现的梦想。如今，美国的一部分科学家想把红色火星改造成蓝色的“生命天堂”。就这一提议科学家们展开了讨论。5The passage is about _.Aa plan turning the Mars into a little earthBthe necessity of changing the MarsCfinding water on the MarsDthe Mars supporting life解析：选A主旨大意题。由第一段可以看出，人们计划将火星变为一个小地球。后文就这一计划是否应该实施进行了探讨。故文章是围绕将火星变为小地球这一话题展开的。6Why is Dr. Lisa Pratt against the plan?AWater has been found on the Mars.BIt will cost too much money and work.CThe native life forms on the Mars would be destroyed.DThe earth is being destroyed at an unbelievable speed.解析：选C细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“. these microbes will be put in danger by the little earth project.”可知，莉萨博士反对该计划的原因是担心火星上的微生物会受到破坏。7What could prove the existence of microbes living in the Mars soil?ALiquid water on the Mars.BSome creatures on the Mars.CA lot of good soil on the Mars.DSigns of methane in the Mars atmosphere.解析：选D推理判断题。由倒数第四段可以看出，科学家在火星上发现了甲烷，而甲烷是生物排放出的一种气体。由此科学家认为火星上有生物存在。8We can infer from the passage that _.Awater is a key factor for life; without it, living on the Mars would be impossibleBthe project wont affect the native life forms supposed to live on the MarsCthe idea turning the Mars into a little earth is nothing but science fictionDMonica Grady is in favour of carrying out the little earth project解析：选A推理判断题。由倒数第五段可知，科学家对于能够在火星上发现生物非常有自信，因为欧洲和美国的机器人已经发现了水存在的证据。由此我们可推知，水是生命存在的重要因素。CMy friend Tim was one of five children. His father was an alcoholic and died very young, and his mother was unable to support the family. Unfortunately, the children were separated and placed in foster homes (收养家庭)Tim dropped out of school and did nothing to further himself. He eventually went through a divorce. Tims brother, although experiencing the same childhood, educated himself and got a good job. He has a happy family and a wonderful home.Both brothers gave a similar answer when asked why their lives turned out the way they did. They said, “Youd turn out this way too if you had a childhood like mine.” Neither of the brothers could change his past, but one of them adjusted (调整) his sail.It doesnt take much to find an excuse whether that is our family background, our lack of education, or that we live in the wrong city, or do not know the right people. Each one of these excuses has a solution. However, if you believe that there is nothing you can do to turn your life around, then you wont be able to change your life for the better.If you really desire to turn your life to a new course, to set your sail to a different port, it is a matter of choice. If you choose to move forward, the easiest way is to find a solution to your todays situation. Solutions are there if you want to go after them. Sure, it may take some hard work, or the willingness to take a risk. But if you do not, then you will never have a different or happy life. Do not limit yourself by finding an excuse; only limit yourself by refusing to have an excuse.语篇解读：本文为夹叙夹议文。我们的过往是什么样子并不是很重要，因为未来掌握在我们自己手里。9Why does Tims brother have a happy life?AHe had a happy childhood.BHe tried hard to change his life.CHe had a wonderful foster home.DHe was the smartest of his family.解析：选B推理判断题。由第二段“Tims brother, although experiencing the same childhood, educated himself and got a good job.”可知，Tim的哥哥努力改变自己的命运。10What did Tim think led to his unhappy life?AHis laziness.BNot adjusting his sail.CHis unhappy childhood.DNot having any opportunities.解析：选C细节理解题。由第三段“They said, Youd turn out this way too if you had a childhood like mine.”可知，Tim将自己的不幸归咎于自己不幸的童年。11In the authors opinion, his friend Tim _.Areally had no chance to improve his lifeBfailed because he lived in the wrong cityCwas the most unfortunate man in the worldDcould have changed his life if he had chosen to解析：选D推理判断题。由第四段“Each one of these excuses has a solution. However, if you believe that there is nothing you can do to turn your life around, then you wont be able to change your life for the better.”可知，作者认为Tim本来是可以改变自己的人生的。12What is the best title for the text?AAdjust your sailBSay “no” to excusesCMove toward a happy familyDHow we live our life is a choice解析：选D标题归纳题。由最后一段“If you really desire to turn your life to a new course, to set your sail to a different port, it is a matter of choice”可知，本文旨在告诉我们，想过什么样的生活在于我们自己怎么选择。.阅读七选五It is often seen that in many homes young children ask their parents for a pet, and yet their parents refuse due to the fear of spreading illnesses and the responsibility that es with owning a pet.