初三英语总复习 阅读理解讲解加练习 课件.ppt

阅读理解解题技巧点拨 主讲人 赵文娟 一 先读问题 弄清考查要点 以便能带着问题看文章 这样会心中有数 有的放矢 二 快速浏览全文 掌握全貌 注意发现与问题有关的信息 如果时间紧 至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段 再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想 这样全文大意便清楚了 此时 不要忙于答题 阅读理解四步曲 三 细读原文 捕捉相关信息词 掌握短文细节内容 这是解题的关键 应特别注意以下几点 1 抓住四个 W 和一个 H 就是边读边用铅笔做些标记 把What 事件 When 时间 Where 地点 Why 原因 How 经过 划出来 抓住了四个 W 和一个 H 就抓住了文章的全貌 一些直接性的问题便可解决 2 抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词 代词 介词 插入语等 因为这些词具有因果 让步 递进 转折 指代 列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能 这对考生分清文章层次 辨明各种关系 了解人物心理 推断作者意图 进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点 都具有举足轻重的作用 3 注意领会文章的寓意 4 根据题意 初选答案 这一步须仔细审题 领会测试要求 确定解题方法 对那些明显的 有把握的题可以断然确定 不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间 有些略难的题 应再查阅短文 不是重读一遍 迅速找出依据 予以排除 常用的解题方法有如下几种 直接解题法 即从原文中直接找出答案 归纳解题法 对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括 归纳得出正确答案 综合推理法 读者需统观全文 认真分析 综合推理及至计算 最后归纳出正确答案 题干中有 suggest conclude conclusion probably reason because accordingto 等字眼时 属于推断概括型 考查内容着眼于全篇 考生应具备一定的分析归纳 推理等逻辑思维能力 捕捉关键词 在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词 近义词 反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案 转换解题法 即原文这么说 而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法 但仍表示同一含义 排除法 根据语言 句法结构 信息词和常识 在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案 四 重读原文 仔细斟酌核对答案 在解完最后一道题后 如果时间允许 再将原文读一遍 用全文的主题思想统率各思考题 研究其内在联系和逻辑关系 目的在于对所做答案进一步审查 推出未解答的题 以便减少失误 典型例题分析根据内容 从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项 MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground firewhenhewasseven Throughthehole 洞 intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot saidMrBrown In1898 hesawthefireoncemore 再一次 Now wecanonlyseethesmoke ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground fire Infact thereare260coal 煤 firesintheworld Theyareharmful 有害 anddangerous Thenhowtoputthemout Scientistshavetriedtoset 放置 firetoundergroundcoaltospeedup 加速 thefires Inthisway theburning 燃烧 ofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished 被烧完 1 MrBrownfirstsawtheunderground fire A attheageofsevenB sevenyearsoldC intheyearof1898D morethan 超过 80yearsago2 MrBrownsaidthatwehadtotakeafastlookatthefirebecause A itwasintheholeB itwasveryhotC itwasorangeD itwasharmful3 Howmanycoalfiresarethereintheworld A There sonlyone B It shardtosay C Thereare260 D Thearticle 文章 doesn ttellus A B C 4 What soneofthebestwaystoputout 扑灭 theundergroundfire A Tocover 覆盖 theholeswithstones 石块 B Tospeedupthefires C Toseethefiresburning D Todosomeexperiments 试验 5 Whatisthebesttitle 标题 forthearticle A WatchingtheUnderground Fire B AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires C TheBurningEarth D CoalandCoalFires B B 分析 1 在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据 attheageofseven等于whenhewasseven 故正确答案为A 2 这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案 属于直接回答题 正确答案为B 3 这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案 属于直接回答题 正确答案为C 4 在文章的最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法 那就是使火加速燃烧 正确答案为B 5 完成这道题需作一定的归纳 因为文章中没有给出直接的回答 文章从MrBrown两次看火 然后说出地下火的危害 最后提出如何灭火的方法 文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫 如何灭火才是文章的中心 故正确答案为B 阅读理解题型 tureorfause A B CorD Answerthequestions 一 根据文章内容判断正误Fredtelephonedhiswife I vegottwofreeticketsforthetheatretonight hetoldher Meetmeoutsidetheoffice We llhavesomethingtoeatandthengoontothetheatre Fred swifewasverypleased Theyhadn tbeentothetheatreforalongtime Shemetherhusbandashetoldher Theyhaddinnerandgottothetheatrejustintime AttheentranceFredtookouthiswallettogetthetickets It sverystrange hesaid Theyaren there Tryyourpockets saidhiswife Buttheticketsweren tthere either ThenFredlookedveryembarrassed 尴尬 What sthematter askedhiswife Well Fredsaid IrememberwhatIdidwithmytickets Iputtheminmybag ButbecauseIwasn tgoinghome Ileftitintheoffice 1 Oneday Fredwasgiventheticketsforthetheatre 2 Fredandhiswifewenttothetheatrequiteoften 3 Fredwantedtomeethiswifeinarestaurant 4 Theyreachedthetheatreneitherlatenorearly 5 ThenFredcouldn tfindhisticketsandrememberedwhathehaddonewiththetickets 1 T因为第一段中提到Fredtoldhiswife I vegottwofreetickets free 此处是免费的意思 2 F第二段中提到 Theyhadn tbeentothetheaterforalongtime 3 F第一段中Fred说 Meetmeoutsidetheoffice 4 T第二段中 intime 是及时的意思 5T结尾处提到的 DavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor Housewives 家庭主妇 werenotinterestedinthebooks Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks thewomenclosedtheirdoors Buthedidn tgiveup McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent asmallbottleofperfume 香水 madebyhimself Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany Avon whichisagreatsuccess Whenyoudonothing youlearnnothing Butwhenyoutry eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful youwilllearnwhatdoesn tworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork Itdoesn tmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday Edisonwasnotonthewaytosuccessuntilpeopleboughthisfirstinvention SuccessonceisenoughforEdison Andthesameforyou successonceisenough 1 McConnellwassuccessfulasabook seller 2 McConnellhopedthosewomenwouldbuyhisbooksifhebroughtthemeachapresent 3 Ifyoudonothingatall youwillneverbesuccessful 4 Edisonwassuccessfulattheverybeginning 5 Thewriterencouragedustotryasmuchaswecan FTTFT 1 F从第一段 Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumestead 可以判断出他在推销书方面并不成功 2 T第一段第三行提到 McConnelldecidedtobringeachofthemapresent 3 T这句是第二段前两句的解释 4 F最后一段 第一句说明Edison的发明被人们认可后才走上了成功之路 5 T第二段中作者提出了自己的观点 Sociologists 社会学家 workinginwesterncountries havefoundthatalargenumberofwomenwishedtheyhadbeenbornmen Thenumberissaidtobeashighas60 inGermany Womenoftenwishtheyhadthesamechancesasmenhave andthinkitisstillmen sworld saidDrJamesHelen oneofthesociologistswhodidthestudy Manymensaythattheyhavemoredutiesthanwomen Amanhastomakemoneytosupport 养活 hisfamilyandtomaketheimportantdecision soitisrightformentobepaidmore Someareevenagainsttheirwivesworkingatall Whenwivesgoouttowork theysay thehomeandchildrencannotbe takengoodcareof Ifwomentakefull timejobs theywon tbeabletodowhattheyarebestatdoing makinganicehomeandbringingupthechildren Somewomendisagree Theysaytheywanttogetoutoftheirhomesandtohavefreedom 自由 tochoosebetweenworkandhomelife Womenhavetherightofequalpayandequalchances 平等机会 AnneHarperhasaverygoodjob Shealsobelievesin Women sLiberation 解放 Idon twishIwereaman shesays andIdon tthinkmanywomendo ButIdowishpeoplewouldstoptreating 对待 uslikesecond classpeople Atwork forexample weusuallydotheworkthatmendobutgetpaidless Therearestillalotofjobsonlytomen usuallytheyarethebestones Ifyouareaman youhaveamuchbetterchanceoflivingawonderfullife Howmanywomenscientistsarethere orengineers 1 manymenthink A womencan tdowhatmencanB menhavetoworkmuchharderthanwomenC mencanmakemoneymoreeasilythanwomenD women sdutyismainlytodohouseworkathome 1 D这是一道概括主旨的题 答此题的依据是第三段内容 这段开头两句话说的是重男 那么不言而喻 家务活和教育子女的任务应有妇女承担 另有一些男士则公开反对女士外出工作 可见 不少男士认为妇女的主要职责是在家料理家务 2 Somewomenhavedifferentideas Theysaythat A womenneedchancestogooutofthehomemoreoftenB womenwantmorefreedomindecidingthekindoflifetheywantC ifwomenaregivenequalpay theycandoeverythinginsteadofmenD womenarenolongerinterestedintakingcareoftheirhomes 2 B一些妇女持不同观点 文中第四段反映了他们的意见 这也正是文章的中心思想的写作意图 争取人权平等 妇女自由 男女平等 3 AnneHarperdidn twishtobeaman A becauseshebelievedin Women sLiberation B butshewishedtogetthesamejobsasmenC becauseshehadgotagoodjobD butshewishedtotreatedthesameasaman 3 D安妮 哈珀不希望自己是男士 但她希望社会像对待男士一样对待她 该题是一考查细节的题 答案在最后一段 4 AnneHarperthoughtthat A womenshouldliveabetterlifethanmenB womenshouldbereallyliberatedC womenshouldbegivenbetterjobsthanmenD womenshouldliveamorewonderfullife 4 B安妮 哈珀的想法正是作者的意图 如最后一段写到 Shealsobelievesin Women sLiberation 然后她又列举了许多事实 其立意还是为了说明这一正确论点 5 Whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage A Therearemoremenscientists engineersthanwomenones B Womenaresecond classpeople sotheyshouldn tliveabetterlife C Womendothesamejobsasmen butgetpaidlessthanmen D TherearesomebestJobsthatwomenhavefewchancestotake 5 B选题B的观点在文中没有出现 文中男士尽管摆出种种理由 但还没有人敢明目张胆地发表歧视妇女的观点 即把妇女作为二等公民 认为妇女不应生活的更美好 Haveyoueverheldatoyballoon 气球 Theyareverylight Buttherearemuchbiggerballoons Theseballoonscanflyveryhighupinthesky Theyarebigenoughtocarrypeople Theyarecalledhot airballoons Tomakeahot airballoongoup turnontheburner 燃烧器 Thatwillmaketheairinsidetheballoonhotter Thentheballoonwillgoup Tomaketheballoongodown turnofftheburner Theairinsidetheballoonwillgetcooler Thentheballoonwillgodown Underneath 在 下面 theballoonthereisalargebasket Thatiswherethepilot 飞行员 andthepassengers 乘客 go Theburnerisjustabovethebasket Youcanstandinthebasketandturntheburneronandoff Theballoonwillgowherethewindblowsit Doyouwanttheballoontogosomewherespecial Firstmakesurethewindisblowingtherightway Peoplehavebeenflyinginhot airballoonsforovertwohundredyears Beforeplanesitwastheonlywayofflying Todaypeopleflyinhotairballoonsforfun Somepeopleliketoracehot airballoons ThefirstHot AirBalloonWorldChampionship 锦标赛 washeldin1973 1 Ahot airballoonis A smallerthanatoyballoonB biggerthanatoyballoonC thesameasatoyballoonD lighterthanatoyballoon 1 B由 Buttheyaremuchbiggerballoons 可知 这里的比较级是与前面 atoyballoon 相比较 2 Wherewillyousitifyouwanttoflyintheballoon A Insidethebasket B OntopoftheballoonC UnderthebasketD Insidetheballoon 2 A这是一篇有关热气球的科普文章 需要考生熟知有关热气球的基本常识 热气球有燃烧器 也可叫加热器 打开燃烧器 气球内气体被加热 气球会上升 反之就下降 气球下面是一个大篮子 飞行员或乘客在此处 燃烧器在篮子上方 热气球总要随风向飞行 3 Youwanttheballoontogoup Soyouwill A jumpoutiftheballoonB lettheairoutoftheballoonC maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD lettheairinsidetheballooncooldown 3 C由第二段的叙述可知 4 Nowyouarehighupinthesky Ifyouwanttheballoongodown youwill A makeyourfriendsgetoutofthebasketB makeaholeintheballoonwithaknifeC maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD maketheairinsidetheballooncooler 4 D由第三段的叙述可知 5 Noweverythingisallright Theballoonisflyingacrossthesky Whereareyougoing A Towardsthesun B Totheseaside C Wherethewindblowsyou D Tothenearestmountains 5 C由第六段的叙述可知 4 Bobwashappy Hewasatanewschool andtheotherstudentswerefriendly Hi Bob theysaid Butsomestudentssaid Hi Peter Bobdidn tunderstand Heaskedanotherstudent WhydosomestudentscallmePeter Oh that seasytoanswer thestudentssaid Petewasastudentherelastyear Nowhegoestoadifferentschool YoulooklikePeter Somestudentsthinkthatyou rePeter BobwantedtomeetPeter HegotPeter saddressfromastudentandwenttoPeter shouse Peteropenedthedoor Bobcouldn tbelievehiseyes HelookedreallylikePeter BobandPeterhadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile Theyhadthesameblackhair Theyalsohadthesamebirthday Andtheybothwereadopted 领养 bytwodifferentfamilies BobandPeterfoundoutthattheyweretwinbrothers Soonaftertheboyswereborn onefamilyadoptedBob andanotherfamilyadoptedPeter Bob sfamilyneverknewaboutPeter andPeter sfamilyneverknewaboutBob BobandPeter sstorywasinthenewspaper TherewasaphotoofBobandPeternexttothestory AyoungmannamedJohnsawthephotointhenewspaper Johncouldn tbelievehiseyes HelookedreallylikeBobandPeter Hehadthesamecoloureyesandthesamesmile Hehadthesameblackhair Hehadthesamebirthday Andhe too wasadoptedbyanotherfamily LaterJohnmetBobandPeter WhenBobandPetersawJohn theycouldn tbelievetheireyes Johnlookedreallylikethem WhydidJohnlookreallylikeBobandPeter Youcanguess BobandPeterarenottwins Bob PeterandJohnaretriplets 1 HowdidBobfeelatanewschool 2 WhydidsomestudentsmistakeBobforPeter 3 WheredidBobseePeter 4 HowdidJohnknowthestory 5 Whatdoesitmeanby triplets doyouknow 1 Hewashappy 2 BecauseBoblookedlikePeterverymuch 3 InPeter shouse 4 Heknewthestoryfromthenewspaper 5 ItmeansBob PeterandJohnwerebornonthesameday andtheyarebrothers 8 Everyonebathesinadifferentway MostAmericansnevertakeabath Theysoapandrinse 冲洗 offundertheshower TheEnglishalwaystakeabath First theysitinabathtubfullofwarmwater Thentheysoapthemselves andfinally theyrinseoffthesoap allinthesamewater TheJapaneseontheotherhand firstwashwithsoapintheshower Thentheygoandsitinabathtubfullofwarmwaterfortwentyminutesormore Later othersinthefamilyusethesamewatertositandrelaxin TheThai 泰国人 donotgetintoashowerorabathtub Theystandinaroomorareaofahousewherethereisabigjar 罐子 fullofwater Withabowltheypourwaterfromthejaronthemselvessothatotherpeopledonotseetheirbodies TheThaialwayswearalongpieceofclothcalledapasinaroundtheirbodies Theywearthiswhentheyarebathing Everyonegetscleaninadifferentway Weknowthatwashingisgoodhealthyforus Butthiswasnottrueinthepast Upto1800 mostAmericansdidnotbathebecausetheythoughtitwasbadforthem Whatisthepassageabout 2 Whydopeopleoftenbathe 3 Whoneedsabathtubwhenhebathes 4 WhydotheThaiuseapasinaroundtheirbodieswhentheybathe 5 WhendidmostAmericansbegintobatheoften 1 Thewayspeoplebathe 2 Tomakethemselvesclean 3 TheEnglishandtheJapanese 4 Tokeepothersfromseeingtheirbodies 5 About200yearsago