九年级英语 主动语态和被动语态课件.ppt

WhatisthePassiveVoice 中考说明 掌握一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时及带有may can must等情态动词的被动语态的构成和用法 孩子们喜欢这些歌曲 Childrenlovethesesongs 简照看这只猫 Janelooksafterthecat 这些歌曲受到孩子们的喜爱 Thesesongsarelovedbychildren 这只猫由简照看 ThecatislookedafterbyJane 英语动词有两种语态 主动语态 theActiveVoice 被动语态 thePassiveVoice Whatisit A 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 B 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 Weplantedthetree Thetreewasplantedbyus WespeakEnglish 主语 谓语 宾语 Englishisspokenbyus 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 被动语态 当主语是动作的执行者时 动词用主动语态 ActiveVoice 如果主语是动作的承受者 动词便用被动语态 PassiveVoice Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday 昨天我们打扫了教室 Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday 昨天教室被我们打扫了 ManystudentsstudyEnglish 主动语态 Englishisstudiedbymanystudents 被动语态 Whentouseit 1 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者 或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时 2 当我们需要强调动作承受者 而不是动作的执行者 这本词典被保存完好 不需要说明是谁保存的 这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的 强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现 Thedictionaryiswellkept Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s 被动语态的用法 Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker 1 强调动作的承受者 如 TabletennisisplayedalloverChina Englishisspokenbymanypeople 2 不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出 如 AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6 1924 theStructureis 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词 be V P P 2 被动语态的结构 被动语态由 助动词be 及物动词的过去分词 构成 助动词be有人称 数的变化 其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样 如 Thedeskismadeofwood Thedesksaremadeofwood Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday 在改写中应注意 1 把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语 2 把动词变成 be 过去分词 3 主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语 典型题例例1将下列句子改为被动语态 Wecleanourclassroomeveryday Ourclassroomiscleaned byus everyday 主变被解题步骤 1 找宾语 即动作的承受者 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes 2 判断宾语的单复数 即be动词的单复数 arewere 3 判断动词的时态 即be动词的时态 4 修改谓语的时态 即原句动词改为过去分词 made 5 修改原句的主语 即by 主语 bythem Tombrokethewindow ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom Tombrokethewindows ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom Hebrokethewindows Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim 一般现在时的被动语态 am are is 过去分词 Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld 2 Mr Greenteachesusthisterm Footballallovertheworld Wethisterm isplayed bypeople aretaught byMr Green 一般过去时的被动语态 was were 过去分词 4 PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago 5 Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren TheGreatWalllongago wasbuilt bypeople wereused byus tomake 一般将来时的被动语态 will begoingto be 过去分词 6 Wewillwriteadiarynextclass 7 Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty Adiarynextclass Abirthdayparty willbewritten byus isgoingtoheldbyTom 情态动词的被动语态 must haveto can等 be 过去分词 8 Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce 9 Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime Thebrokenpotteryatonce Ourhomework mustbethrownaway byyou hastobefinished byus ontime Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday WecallthesnowmanMrStrong ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般过去时 S was were 过去分词 Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday 4 AbycantakegoodcareofTina TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby 情态动词 S can may must should be 过去分词 Hecancarrythebasketeasily Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem Wemustputtheminthefridge Thedogsthought Theymustbeputinthefridge Thedogsthought 3 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般将来时 S will be 过去分词 1 Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings Knives forcuttingthings 2 Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 变被动语态 七嘴八舌 3 Ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime She toreturnthebookintime Theticketwasfound wastold 3 Wefoundtheticketonthefloor 5 Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday He onlytwomealsaday 6 Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem Nowcomputers tohelpthem wasmadetohave canbe used 7 Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear atthistimelasttime 8 Mustwefinishourworktoday ourwork today Weremanytreesplanted Mustbefinished 9 Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps 1 somewonderfulstamps 2 Somewonderfulstamps weweregiven were giventous 10 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 11 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomeninthisfactory wasasked isdone 12 Hecanmendthebikeintwodays Thebike intwodays 13 Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday Thismedicine threetimesaday canbemended mustbe taken 14 ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman German bythestudentsinthisschool 15 Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about isstudied Is talked bythem Answerrightorwrong 1 必须照看好孩子们 Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof 2 这本书是鲁迅写的 ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun 3 昨天那支笔是他给我的 Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday W R W R W R 4 这辆自行车能修吗 Canthisbikemended Canthisbikebemended 5 街道已由他们清理了 Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem W R W R 四 几种值得注意的被动语态变化 带复合宾语的被动语态结构 makesb dosth sb bemadetodosth MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome watchlethavehearseenotice 一些特殊结构的被动结构 1 感觉动词 hear see等 改被动语态 2 使役动词 let make等 改被动语态 如动词为make see hear watch等 后接宾语补足语为不带 to 不定式时 变被动语态时要加上 to 如 Isawhimfalloffthetree Hewasseentofalloffthetree 思考2 12 IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning Sheinthemorning isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs 14 Hemakesherhorseworkallday Herhorseallday 15 Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic Ioutforapicnic ismadetowork waslettogo 口诀 这些动词真奇怪 主动句中to离开 被动句中to回来 hear let have make see watch helpsb to V behelpedtoV Hehelpedtheoldman to cleantheroom Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom 2 seesb doingsth sb beseendoingsth Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment hear watch 三 带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时 直接或间接宾语都可做主语 注意间接宾语前加to或for Mymotherboughtmeanewbike Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother JackhasgivenTomabook AbookhasbeengiventoTombyJack TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack 带有双宾语 宾语既有人又有物 的被动结构是 1 将间接宾语 人 变为主语 直接宾语 物 不变 2 将直接宾语 物 变为主语 一般要在间接宾语前加介词to或for BobsentKatealetterlastyear KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear tellaskbringwritegivesendshowteachpasslend to HetoldJimastory Mummademeanewdress IwasmadeanewdressbyMum AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum makebuydrawsing for Iboughtmybrotherabook buy make get sing 思考1 将下列的主动句变为被动语态 10 Wegavehimsomebooks He Somebooks wasgivensomebooks byus weregiventohim byus 注意 约翰打开了收音机 Johnturnedontheradio Theradiowasturnedon 奶奶照看我姐姐 Grandmatakescareofmysister MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma 注 动词短语变被动语态时 千万不要遗漏介词或副词 Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely 必背 动词短语的被动语态 takecareof betakencareof cutdown becutdown laughat belaughedat lookafter belookedafter Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon 类似的还有 Itisreported believed hoped supposedthat Wereport 1 不及物动词没有被动语态 如 belong happen takeplace last cometrue remain succeed fall die arrive breakout appear last start等 Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity Thatbikedoesn tbelongtoMike 不用被动语态的几种情况 不用被动语态的几种情况 2 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态 have fit IhaveaTVset Thecoatfitsmewell 3 祈使句一般没有被动语态 正 Lookattheblackboard please 误 Theblackboardislookedatbyyou 不用被动语态的几种情况 4 系动词没有被动态和进行时态 这鱼味道很好 这条围巾摸上去很软 Thefishtastesgood Thescarffeelssoft 5 反身代词在句中作宾语时 不能用被动语态 例如 正 Youmustlookafteryourself 误 Yourselfmustbelookedafter 4 某些动词形式是主动 但含有被动的意思 这书很好卖 这种布很好洗 Thebooksellswell Thiskindofclothwashesverywell 这书卖完了 Thebookissoldout 这块表需要修理一下 Thewatchneedsmending Thewatchneedstobemended Weneedtomendthewatch want 知识运用 一 单项选择 1 Onlythirty eightideasbythenewspaper A chooseB choseC waschosenD werechosen2 Asusual Meihuaat6 30thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool 2006 A haswokenupB wokeupC wakesupD waswokenup D D 3 Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog Itwhilewewereonholiday 2005 A wastakencareB tookcareofC istakencareofD wastakencareof4 AttheendofthemeetingMissGreentwominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot 2004 A gaveB hadgivenC wasgivenD wasgiving D B 5 Mr Johnson sstorybyeveryonewhoheardit 2003 A laughedatB waslaughedC laughedD waslaughedat D 二 请把下面句子改为被动语态 1 TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit Jackcarefullyhowtouseit 2 Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008 The29thOlympicGamesin2008 wasshowed willbeheldbyBeijing 3 MissDengteachesusEnglish 4 Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3 00yesterday Theboy at3 00yesterday WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDeng wasseentoplaybasketball EnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng 5 Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful Ourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful shouldbemadetobecome 练习 将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子 Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompetition 竞赛 Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameineighthours Wetookmanyphotos Theyusethisroomforplayingtabletennis Thebankbuiltaparkforthem Awritingcompetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplayerineighthours Manyphotosweretakenbyus Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank Thisroomisusedforplayingtabletennisbythem 中考被动语态考题1 Theriversmellsterrible Peoplemust dirtythingintoit 南京市中考题 AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2 Thisbook often fromthelibrary 北京市中考题 Aaren ttakeawayBtakenawayCisn ttakenawayDbetakenaway3 He tell toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday 黄冈市中考题 wastold 5 Anotherman madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek 济南市中考题 anotherman madesatelliteintospacelastweek 变主动语态7 Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear Trees bypeopletherelastyear 青岛市中考题 8 Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm Thevegetables onthefarm 上海市中考题 T Theysentup wereplanted aregrown 一 选择正确答案 1 Doyouknowwhat A itcallsB doesitcallC itiscalledD isitcalled2 Mylostcar yesterday A willbefoundB wasfoundC hasfoundD found3 Whowasthebook A writtenbyB willbewritebyC hasbeenwrittenwithD canbewrittenby4 AnEnglishsong ontheradioyesterday A willteachB wastaughtC hastaughtD canbeteach C B A B 二 用所给词的正确形式填空 cover invent answer write return call 1 Allthequestions correctly 2 Morethantwothirdsoftheearth withwater 3 OurcityBeijing 4 Allthemagazines totheschoollibrarylastweek 5 Thisnewmechine 机器 byMr Blacklastyear 6 Allthewordsonthebackofthecard iscovered werereturned wasinvented wasanswered iscalled arewritten 5 Exercises 一 选择填空 Windows ofglass bemadeB ismadeC aremadeD beenmade2 Thehouse in2004 isbuiltB isbuildingC wasbuiltD used3 Acoatcan forkeepingwarm beusedB isusedC beenusedD used C C A 4 Watches Shanghailastlong A aremadeinB ismadeC aremadefromD made5 Thisdeskismade wood A ofB fromC inD by6 Thethingsonshowwere theolddays A usedB usedtoC usedforD usedin7 Silk inHangzhouandSuzhou A isproducedB areproducedC producedD isproduces A A D A 1 Ourschool in2002 开办 2 Theyoungtreesmust well 照顾 3 thisbuilding 建成 lastyear 4 Thebook 写 byhimlastyear 5 Thebridge 不建造 in1989 6 The29thOlympicGameswill 举行 inBeijingin2008 wasopened belookedafter Was built waswritten wasn tbuilt beheld 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1 Thebike fix upbyXiaoMingyesterday 2 Sunglasses use forprotectingpeople seyes 3 Apicture put upontheblackboard 4 French speak inFrance 5 Teenagersshould allow tochoosetheirownclothes wasfixed areused isput isspoken beallowed 练习一请把下列的主动句变为被动句 注意时态的一致 1Hewroteanarticlelastweek Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek 2Thepeoplemakehistory Historyismadebypeople 3DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina 4Theydidn tvisitthecitytwoyearsago Thecitywasn tvisitedbythemtwoyearsago 5Wheredidyoumakethem Whereweretheymadebyyou 一用适当的形式填空1Historyis bythepeople make 2Heisoften todotheworkbytheteacher ask 3Thebook byhimlastyear write 4Theradio lastweek mend 5Sometrees onthehillthisspring plant 6Anewsubway build nextyear 7She take tothehospitalalready 8Thousandsofsatellites send upintothespacesofar 9Theysaidthey invite tothepartyalready 10Thetrains produce inZhuzhou 11Youngtreesshould water often made asked waswritten wasmended havebeenplanted willbebuilt hasbeentaken havebeensent hadbeeninvited areproduced bewatered MultipleChoice 1 Ifthework youcangoandplaygames A finishedB hasfinishedC willbefinishedD isfinished 2 Itwasrainingheavilyoutside thechildrenweremade intheclassroom 4 Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful rubbish intotheriver A needn tbethrownB mustn tbethrownC can tthrowD maynotthrow 5 Ilikemybike It verywell A ridesB isridingC isriddenD hasridden D B B A 3 Kate theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom A haswrittenB waswrittenC hadwrittenD iswriting A stayB tostayC stayingD stayed C 6 Iwon tcometothepartyunlessTom too YoumeanifTomcomes you llcome 8 Thechildrenmust 9 Thewomanstilldoesn tknowwhat inherhometown D D B A willinviteB invitesC invitedD isinvited 7 EveryonewhoheardMr Green sstory it A laughedatB waslaughedC laughedD waslaughedat A A happensB happenedC willhappenD washappened whileshewasaway A lookafterB betakengoodcare C lookthesameD betakengoodcareof 10 Isawyouwereonfootthismorning Yes Mybike A ismendingB isbeingmended C ismendedD isbeingmending B 1 AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876 ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBellin1876 2 Themanagerhasnotsignedthepapers Thepapershavenotbeensignedbythemanager 主 谓 宾 3 Ipostedthatletterlastnight Thatletterwaspostedlastnight 4 Theyknowthatheisanexpert Itisknownthatheisanexpert 有时by可以省略 主 谓 宾 宾 1 Hetoldheralongstory Shewastoldalongstory Alongstorywastoldtoher 2 Motherboughtmeanewcoat Iwasboughtanewcoat Anewcoatwasboughtforme Didhefinishtheworkyesterday Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl Didthegirltakeawaythebooks WasthewindowbrokenbyTom Tom thewindow Didbreak Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about Is talked bythem Doesn tBobcleanthestreeteveryday thestreet byBobeveryday Isn tcleaned Hetoldustogettoschoolearly Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight Didyougototheparty No I invite wasn tinvited Thebridge inthreeweeks finish Youcangooutifyourhomework do willbefinished isdone Thisisoneofthethingsthat see thatday wereseen WhenwasPRC found wasseen Thisisthonlyoneofthethingsthat see thatday founded Youshouldgetyourshoes wash washed