虚拟语气ppt课件

虚拟语气Subjunctive 1 何谓 语气 语气是一种动词形式 表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度 2 英语中的语气 英语中共有三种语气 陈述语气 theIndicativeMood 祈使语气 theImperativeMood 虚拟语气 theSubjunctiveMood 3 陈述语气 用来陈述一个事实 有肯定 否定 疑问或感叹等形式 4 5 Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow 6 祈使语气 用来表示请求 邀请 命令 警告或劝告等 7 8 9 10 虚拟语气 虚拟语气 是一种特殊的动词形式 他的作用是 表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 而是一种假设 猜测 怀疑 愿望 要求 命令 建议等 11 Ihaveacar 我有一部车 指现在有 Ihadacar 我有一部车 指过去有 IwishIhadacar 但愿我有一部车 实际没有 表愿望 12 一 if条件句中的虚拟语气 haddone 过去完成时 过去式 did bewere did were should do weretodo wouldshould havedonesthcouldmight wouldshould dosthcouldmight wouldshould dosthcouldmight 13 1 表示与现在事实相反的假设 如果我有时间 我就要学习英语 IfI have time I study English had wouldstudy 如果我是你 我就会买这栋房子 IfI be you I buy thehouse were Wouldbuy 如果我能飞 我要飞到空中 IfI canfly I fly inthesky couldfly wouldfly 14 1 Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood English mucheasier A willbeB wouldhavebeenC couldhavebeenD wouldbe2 IfIhadsomemoney I thepoorboy AhelpBwillhelpC wouldhelpD wouldhavehelp3 IfI tenyearsyounger I outtotrymyluck A am wouldgoB was willgoC were wouldgoD were wouldhavegone 15 2 表示与过去事实相反的假设 如果我采纳了你的建议 我就不会犯这个错误了 IfI take youradvice I make thismistake hadtaken wouldn thavemade 如果他当时用功学习的话 他可能就得到奖学金了 Ifhe study hard he win thescholarship Hadstudied 如果昨天他见到你 他就可能问你这个问题 Ifhe see youyesterday he ask youaboutit couldhavewin hadseen Wouldhaveasked 16 1 IfIhadknownyouwerecoming I youattheairport A hadmetB metC wouldmeetD wouldhavemet2 Thefire ifyouhadbeenmorecareful A wouldnotbeburningB wouldnotburnC wouldnothavebeenburntD wouldnotburnt3 Ifwe inturn you sotired A drove didn tgetB drove wouldn tgetC weredriving wouldn tD haddriven wouldn thavegot D c D 17 3 与将来事实相反的假设 即使太阳从西边出来 我也不会改变我的心意 Ifthesun raise inthewest I notchange mymind raised shouldraid weretoraise wouldnotchange 18 如果明天下雨 我们将不去公园了 Ifit rain tomorrow we go tothepark rained wouldnotgo 如果我们再有另外7天假的话 我们都会感到跟高兴的 Ifwe have another7 dayholiday allofus be morehappier had wouldbe 19 1 Ifhe metomorrow Iwouldlethimknow A shouldcallB shouldnothavebeenableC werenotableD arenotable2 Ifit rainthisevening IwouldnotgotoseethisAmericanfilm A wouldB shouldC couldD might3 Ifit tosnownextweek Iwouldnotgotovisitthatmountainvillage A isB beC wereD are 20 一 if条件句中的虚拟语气 haddone 过去完成时 did were should do weretodo wouldshould havedonesthcouldmight wouldshould dosthcouldmight wouldshould dosthcouldmight 21 1 Ifmylawyer herelastSaturday he mefromgoing A hadbeen wouldhavepreventedB hadbeen wouldpreventC were wouldpreventD were wouldhaveprevented2 Ifmyfather herethedayaftertomorrow he meatall A came can tseeBcomes couldn tseeC comes couldn thaveseenD came couldn tsee3 IfI you I moreattentiontoEnglishidiomsandphrases A was shallpayB am willpayC wouldbe wouldpayD were wouldpay 22 如果明天下雾 我就不能开车去购物 Ifit foggytomorrow I mycartogoshopping 2 如果我是一个男孩 我当然会去参军 IfI aboy I certainlyjointhearmy 3 如果你开车更小心一点 就不会出这样的事故 Ifyou yourcarmorecarefully suchatrafficaccident were couldn tdrive were would haddriven couldn thavehappened 23 4 错综时间条件句 条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致 叫做错综时间条件条件句 主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式 如果你昨天与他交谈一下 你就知道现在该做什么了 Ifyouhadspokentohimyesterday youwouldknowwhattodonow 24 如果你 那时 听从我的建议的话 现在就不会有事了 从句说的是过去的事情 而主句说的是现在的事情 Ifyou follow thedoctor sadvice you be allrightnow 如果气候再好些 庄稼会长的更好 Iftheweather be finer thecrops be growingstillbetter hadfollowed wouldbe hadbeen wouldbe 25 1 Ifyou themedicine you betternow A took wouldfeelB hadtaken feltC hadtaken wouldfeelD took wouldhavefelt2 Ifyouwereolder I youtogothereyesterday A willallowB shouldallowC wouldhaveallowedD hadallowed 26 3 Ifwehadknownthatshehadplannedtogoabroadtoday we attheairport A willseeheroffB haveseenheroffC wouldseeheroffD hadseenheroff4 Ishefeelinganybetter No ifhehadfollowedthedoctor sadvice he quiteallrightnow A willhavebeenB wouldhavebeenC wouldbeD willbe 27 5 条件句中虚拟语气的倒装 条件从句中含有should were had三个助动词 并且条件句在句子前面 可以把if省略 然后把相应助动词提到句首 IfIwereyou Iwouldgiveitup WereIyou Iwouldgiveitup IfIhadhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain HadIhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain 28 1 Ifthereshouldbeaflood whatshouldwedo aflood whatshouldwedo 2 IfIhadhadtime Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain 3 IfIhadtakenmyumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning Ishouldnotbewetnow myumbrellawithmewhenIcameoutthismorning Ishouldnotbewetnow Shouldtherebe HadIhadtime HadItaken 29 1 HadIknownhername A ordoessheknowmine B andwheredoesshelive C shewouldbebeautiful D Iwouldhaveinvitedhertolunch 9 Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor you allrightnow A areB wereC wouldbeD wouldhavebeen2 yourofferofriceandvegetables wewouldhavegonehungry A Ifithasn tbeenforB WithC HasitnotbeenforD Haditnotbeenfor 30 注 并不是所有的if引导的条件句都用虚拟语气 当if引导的条件句的假设非常可能实现时 就不用虚拟语气 这种条件句叫做 真实条件句 Ifthetemperature 温度 isupto100 thewaterwillboil Itisraining Ifwegoout we llgetwet Hurryup Ifwedon thurry we llbelate Ifhecomes tellhimtowait 需要用虚拟的条件句 叫做 虚拟条件句 31 1 Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoff ifit A willrainB rainsC rainedD israined2 Wouldyouhavecalledherup possible Yes butI busydoingmyhomework A ithadbeen wasB ifitwas wereC ifithadbeen hadbeenD ifitwere wouldbe B A 32 6 含蓄虚拟条件句 有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件句的形式表现出来 而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表现出来 这叫做含蓄虚拟语气条件句 without with butfor 要不是 undereg Withoutyourhelp ifwehadnohadyourhelp wecouldnothavesucceeded 如果没有你的帮助 我们是不会成功的 33 eg Withbetterequipment Ifwehadhadbetterequipment wecouldhavedoneitbetter 如果又跟好的设备 我们也许会做的更好 eg Butforelectricity iftherewerenoelectricity therewouldbenomodernindustry 要是没有电 就不会有现代工业 eg Undersuchcircumstances Iwouldhavedonethesame 在这样的情况下 我也会做同样的事情 34 二 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 35 主语从句中的虚拟语气 should do 句型1 Itis adj that引导的主语从句此句型中adj 指的是形容事情重要性 令人吃惊 失望的形容词 如 important essential 紧要的 vital 极其重要的 urgent 紧迫的 imperative 迫切的 necessary appropriate 适当的 advisable 合理的 natural proper 合适的 strange 36 重要的是你一定要吃药 Itisimportantthatyou take themedicine 他有必要参加这次考试 Itisnecessarythathe take theexam 她竟然嫁给了这种人 真奇怪 令人惊奇 令人失望 Itisstrange surprising disappointing thatsheshouldmarrysuchaman should take should take 37 句型2 Itisapity shamethat Itisapity shamethathe should belate 真可惜 他竟然迟到了 句型3 Itis 过去分词 that 过去分词指 表示建议 命令 要求的 如 ordered suggested requested required recommended demanded desired e g Itsuggestedthatheshouldjointheclubactivities 有人建议他应该参加俱乐部活动 38 1 ItisimportantthatI withMr Williamsimmediately speakB spokeC willspeakD tospeak2 Itisstrangethathe so A wouldsayB wouldspeakC shouldsayD willspeak3 Itissuggestedthatwe make aspecialstudyoftheproblem It svitaltoherthatshe take thismedicine Should make take 39 2 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1 常见动词 一个坚持 两个命令 三个建议 四个要求 1 insist2 order command3 advise suggest propose4 demand require request desire 40 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气 即 从句中的动词使用should 动词原形 或者将should省略 41 我们建议Tom去休息一下 他坚决要求我到场 WesuggestedthatTom arest HeinsistedthatI should bepresent should have 42 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作 Thekingorderedthattheprisonersbekilledthenextday Theyrequestedthatwe should sendthemtoworkthere 43 注意 当insist 不表示 坚持要某人做某事 而表示 坚持说 坚决认为 不用虚拟语气 用陈述语气 当suggest 不表示 建议某人做某事 而表示 暗示 时 不用虚拟 用陈述语气 他坚持说他是对的 Heinsistedthathewasright 他坚持要求我们到场 Heinsistedthatweshouldpresent 44 2 她脸上的微笑暗示我做的好 ThesmileonherfacesuggestedIdidagoodjob 老师建议我们多读英语 OurteachersuggestedthatwereadmoreEnglish 45 1 Theyoungmaninsistedthathe nothingwrongand free A did setB haddone shouldbesetC shoulddo besetD haddone mustbeset2 Mary suncleinsists inthishotel A notstayingB nottostayC thathenotstayD stayingnot3 Thelawrequiresthateveryone hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear A hasB hadC haveD willhave 46 3 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 一个坚持 两个命令 三个建议 四个要求 相应的名词 insistenceorder commandsuggestion advice proposaldemand requirement request desire 修饰这些名词时表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气 从句中的动词形式should v 47 我的建议是在村庄周围多种些树 Myadviceisthatmoretrees plant aroundthevillage 他们的提议是要我们为他们成立一所业余学校 Theirproposalisthatwe setup asparetimeschoolforthem 他的意见是我们应讨论一下这个报告 Hisrequirementisthatwe discuss thereport should beplanted shouldsetup should discuss 48 我们都同意他的意见 去北京观光 Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe go toBeijingforsightseeing 你认为我们立即开始第二次实验的意见怎么样 Whatdoyouthinkoftheideathatwe begin thesecondexperimentatonce 我们所有的人都赞同关闭这家化工厂 Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactory be closeddown should go shouldbegin shouldbe 49 1 Hissuggestionthatyou oncemoresoundsreasonable tryB triesC musttryD cantry2 Theorderthattheprisoner arrivedtoolate A issetfreeB shouldsetfreeC besetfreeD willbesetfree3 Hissuggestionthatthemeeting wasturneddown A bedelayedB willbedelayedC woulddelayedD isdelayed 50 4 Mydemandisthatshe toseemeonceaweek A shouldcameB willcomeC iscomingD come5 Theorderisthatyou thatpersonasquicklyaspossible A foundB willfindC shouldfindD wouldfind 51 1 用虚拟语气的名词性从句 都是that引导的 2 用虚拟语气的名词性从句 其形式都是 should do should可以省略 3 主语从句 itis that 宾 表 同位语从句 注意表示一个坚持 两个命令 三个建议 四个要求的词 总结 52 三 其他句型中的虚拟语气 53 1 wish的宾语从句 wish的宾语从句 现在 过去 未来 过去时 did were 过去完成时 haddone would could might V 不能用should IwishIwereabird 现在 IwishIhadn tmadesuchamistake 过去 Wewishourparentswouldn tpunishus 未来 54 1 Heisaverybraveman Yes IwishI hiscourage A haveB hadC willhaveD mayhave2 IwishI abletotellhimallaboutitlastnight wasB wereC hadbeenD shouldgo3 IwishI youyesterday seenB didseeC hadseenD weretosee4 IwishI tenyearsyounger A amB wereC amgoingtoD be 55 5 Iwishthatyou getagoodjobB willgetagoodjobC wouldgetagoodjobD havegotagoodjob6 Don tyouwanttogotoakaraokebarwithus IwishI butIhaveanappointment A mayB couldC canD should7 You havesetasidemoretimetoplaywithourkids IwishI butyouknowhowbusyIwas should wouldB could didC might shouldD should had 56 2 It stime that从句中要用虚拟语气 过去式或should do 不可省略should 你该走了 about high It shightimethatyouwent It shightimethatyoushouldgo 我们该去睡觉了 It stimethatwe go tobed It stimethatwe go tobed went shouldgo 57 1 It stimewe ourmeeting A mustbeginB beginC begunD began2 Tommy isn tittimeyou theschoolbus Okay I mybreakfast A shouldcatch havealmostfinishedB catch willalmostfinishingC caught amalmostfinishingD willcatch almostfinish24 Everybodyhasarrived It stimewe themeeting A wouldstartB hadstartedC shallstartD started 58 3 wouldrather that引导宾语从句中 我宁愿 过去 现在 未来 过去时 did were 过去时 did were 过去完成时 haddone 我宁愿你现在就付给我钱 现在 Iwouldratheryou pay menow paid 我宁愿你昨天也走了 过去 Iwouldratheryou go tooyesterday hadgone 别来 我宁愿你明天来 未来 Don tcome Iwouldratheryou come tomorrow came 59 回顾 wouldrather 动词原形意谓 宁可 宁愿 最好 E g He dratherworkinthecountryside 其否定形式是wouldrathernotdosthE g Mr Liwouldrathernotlistentorockmusic 如果表示对过去的愿望 wouldrather havedone我宁愿昨天没有碰到他 Iwouldrathernothavemetyouyesterday 60 1 DoyoumindifIleavethewindowopen Well I dratheryou A don tB didn tC won tD mustn t2 Wouldyouliketoworkinmycompany Sorry I drather here butI drathermybrother toyourcompany A staying goesB tostay togoC stay wentD tostay goes3 Didyoublamehimforhismistakes Yes butI drather it A notdoB nottodoC havenotdoneD nothavedone 61 asif和asthough都表示 好像是 引导的从句只要表示 与事实相反的 都要用虚拟语气 4 asif though 从句 现在 过去 过去时 were 过去完成时 他的说话就像是认识我一样 Hetalksasifhe know me 她像爱自己儿子一样爱这个孩子 Shelovesthebabyasifit be herownson were knew 我记得这件事 好像昨天刚发生一样 Irememberthewholethingasifit happen yesterday hadhappened 62 此句型中的 现在 和 过去 指是 asif应到的从句动词和主句动词之间的关系 1 现在 指从句动词和主句动词同时发生 Helooksasifhewereill 他现在看起来好像有病 Helookedasifhewereill 他那时看起来好像有病 2 过去 指的是从句动词发生在主句动词之前 Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday 注意 63 1 Franklinlookedasthoughhe illforalongtime A wasB wereC hadbeenD hasbeen2 Kittytalksasifshe onthespot A isB wereC hasbeenD be3 Hehasjustarrived buthetalksasifhe allaboutthat A knowB knowsC knownD knew 64 1 Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbreaksC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken2 Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey friendsforyears A shouldbeB wouldbeC havebeenD hadbeen 65 5 evenif though引导让步状语从句时 表示 即使 导表示真实情况相反的情况时 需要使用虚拟 66 即使我现在有车 我也不借给你 EvenifI have acar I notlend ittoyou had 即使毛主席在这里 我也这么说 EvenifChairmanMao be here Iwouldstillsaylikethis were wouldnotlend 即使昨天他不帮我 我也能找到他 Evenifyou help me I find himtoo hadnothelped couldhavefound 67 1 CouldIhaveanotherchance Ihavemarriednow EvenI youearlier I you A know wouldnotmarryB hadknown wouldnotmarryC known wouldnothavemarriedD hadknown wouldnothavemarried2 Evenifhe money hewouldnothelpyou A hadB haveC hadhadD wouldhave 68 6 Ifonly 要是 就好了 Ifonly引导的感叹句要求用虚拟语气 表示愿望 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望 用过去式或 would could 动词原形 要是他在这儿就好了 Ifonlyhe be here were 你要是听我们的建议就好了 Ifonlyyou listen toouradvice wouldlisten 69 表示与过去事实相反的愿望 要是上周我不忙该多好啊 IfonlyI be busylastweek hadbeen 过去完成时 haddone 如果你听我们的建议就好了 Ifonlyyou listen toouradvice hadlistened 70 1 IfonlyI tomyparents ButIdidn t A listenedB hadlistenedC shouldlistenD wouldlisten2 IfonlyI mywatch A hadn tlostB haven tlostC didn tlostD don tlose3 ImissTommyverymuch IfonlyI himagain A seeB willseeC couldseeD hadseen 71