CRP临床应用PPT演示课件

,Medical English,Book 1,Lectured by,Reading Skills: Skimming and Scanning,Introduction,Teaching Procedure,Rules and Evaluation,The Sources of Medical Terminologies,English Names of Medical Courses,review,homework,participation,Rules,Rules,Dos 1) Finish the homework in time. 2) Preview and review the book and relative materials as I told. 3) Get involved in the class and the activities after class .,Dont be late for class.,Donts 1,Dont make noise in our class.,Donts 2,Rules,Rules,Dons 1) Dont be late for class.( Attendance; In Time) 2) Dont make noise in our class. 3) Dont use your cellphone.,Evaluation,Attendance, homework, class performance, activities 20% Final examination paper 80%,Introduction of Medical English,What do you know about medical English?,2. Can you recall the names of your medical courses in English?,3. What do you expect to learn or improve from this course ?,Introduction of Medical English,English,Medical English,具有一定英语水平的医务工作者 以及医学院校在校学生,Introduction of Medical English,What do you know about medical English?,Course DescriptionCourse GoalsCourse ObjectivesCourse ContentReading Skills- Skimming and Scanning,Course Description-Introduction of Medical English,What do you know about medical English?,Course DescriptionThis course will provide approach to contemporary English readings based on selections from the texts related tothe field of medicine.,Course Goals -Introduction of Medical English,What do you know about medical English?,Course GoalsTo consolidate the students knowledge of the type of English that could be used for medicine.,Vocabulary: Medical Terms15% Popular Science Vocabulary15% Common Words70%,Style of Medical English: words grammar,English Skill,Course Goals -Introduction of Medical English,2018/11/15,1,2,a,b,c,A New Course of Medical English,Course Content-Introduction of Medical English,Reading Skills -Introduction of Medical English,Reading Skills- Skimming and ScanningSkimming refers to the process of reading only main ideas within a passage to get an overall impression of the content of a reading selection.,Reading Skills -Introduction of Medical English,How to Skim: * Read the title. * Read the introduction or the first paragraph. * Read the first sentence of every paragraph. * Read any headings and sub-headings. * Notice any pictures, charts, or graphs. * Notice any italicized or boldface words or phrases. * Read the summary or last paragraph.,Reading Skills -Introduction of Medical English,Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want to find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a question in your mind and you read a passage only to find the answer, ignoring unrelated information.,Reading Skills- Introduction of Medical English,How to Scan: * State the specific information you are looking for. * Try to anticipate how the answer will appear and what clues you might use to help you locate the answer. For example, if you were looking for a certain date, you would quickly read the paragraph looking only for numbers.,Reading Skills Introduction of Medical English,How to Scan: * Use headings and any other aids that will help you identify which sections might contain the information you are looking for.* Selectively read and skip through sections of the passage.,Introduction of Medical English,Fundamental Medical Courses,2. Can you recall the names of your medical courses in English?,Physiology Pathology（ Pathophysiology/Pathoanatomy ） Pharmacology Anatomy(Systematic Anatomy and Regional Anatomy),Biology Biochemistry Physical Chemistry,Organic Chemistry / Inorganic Chemistry,Introduction of Medical English,Fundamental Medical Courses,Microbiology微生物学,Parasitology寄生虫学,Histoembryology组织胚胎学,Genetics,Medical Psychology医学心理学,Medical Ethics医学伦理学,Introduction of Medical English,Clinical Medical Courses,Diagnostics,General Surgery,Internal Medicine,Obstetrics and Gynecology妇产科学,Pediatrics,Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),Nursing Science,Objectives: Medical Terminology -Introduction of Medical English,Word base/root,Suffix,Prefix,Combining vowel,Objectives: Medical Terminology-Word Root,usu. derived from Greek or Latin,one or more word roots,gastric: the root “gastr” meaning stomach,Objectives: Medical Terminology-Suffix,the end of a word,usu. tell what is happening to the root,indicate a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech（词性）.,Objectives: Medical Terminology-Prefix,the beginning of a word,usu. tell sth. more specific about the word root,indicate a number, time, position, direction, color etc.,Objectives: Medical Terminology-Combining Form,a vowel (usu. O) linking the root to the suffix or to another root,Objectives: Medical Terminology,Objectives: Medical Terminology,root,root,suffix,combining vowel,the root gastr means stomach.,the root enter means intestines.,the suffix -logy means process of study,Style of Medical English: Words,75% 来自拉丁、希腊语 词汇意义较稳定 词汇不具有感情色彩 用词具体 注重专业意义、书面语言 较少用短语动词，常用单个动词,医学英语用词特点,Style of Medical English: Words,医学英语中有众多的习惯用语和专用术语，其词义的稳定性，使它们在表达某一概念或现象时，总是被重复使用。,Style of Medical English: Words,医学英语词汇不具有感情色彩,Style of Medical English: Words,医学英语很少使用具有夸张、比喻含义的词汇，用词具体化。,Style of Medical English: Words,医学英语很少使用具有夸张、比喻含义的词汇,Style of Medical English: Words,医学英语较少使用短语动词，更多地使用所谓“规范”的书面语动词，常常用单个动词,Style of Medical English: Grammar,大量使用名词和名词词组 较多使用被动语态结构 频繁使用非谓语动词短语 包含两个动词以上从句的长句多常用will+动词原形或一般现在时表示自然规律或通常结果,医学英语在语法结构上的一些特点,Style of Medical English: Grammar,医学英语常用由动词转化来的名词。,Style of Medical English: Grammar,Style of Medical English: Grammar,医学英语的文献中较多地使用被动语态结构,The infant with eczema must not be vaccinated until his skin has been clear for a year or so，nor should he be exposed to other persons with fresh vaccinia lesions. The child with eczema should also be protected，as far as possible，from the virus of herpes simplex. He should be immunized in the usual way against diphtheria，pertussis，tetanus and poliomyelitis. Egg-grown vaccines should be avoided in egg-sensitive patients.,Style of Medical English: Grammar,医学英语文献中，非谓语动词短语用得较频繁。,All therapeutic programmes designed to decrease the cardiac load begin with “rest“. In the normal subject，the amount of blood that the heart is called upon to eject is matched，to the level of metabolic activity，automatically rising and falling with the oxygen consumption. By decreasing the metabolic requirements via restricting activity，the work required of the heart is decreased.,Style of Medical English: Grammar,医学英语中，包含两个以上从句的长句较多。,A closed operation is often preferable for patients with pure mitral stenosis who have not been operated upon before，who have no detectable valvular or perivalvular calcification on fluoroscopic examination，and in whom there is no suspicion of left atrial thrombosis.,Style of Medical English: Grammar,常用will+动词原形或一般现在时表示自然规律或通常结果,汉语原文4:选择口服降血糖药或胰岛素须取决于许多因素，包括高血糖的程度，社会及经济状况，低血糖的相对风险和危险以及病人和医生个人所好。,译文1: The choice of an oral hypoglycemic drug or insulin must depend on many factors，including the degree ,译文8: The choice of oral hypoglycemic drug or insulin will depend/depends on many factors，including,Introduction of Medical English,The Sources of Medical Terminologies,Words related to medicine in general EnglishWords from other languagesNew words created according to need,Words related to medicine in general English hand, foot, arm, ear, eye, bone, heartwindpipe / trachea ( 气管 )whooping-cough / pertussis ( 百日咳 )pink eye / epidemic conjunctivitis ( 结膜炎 )athletes foot / tinea pedis ( 脚癣 )lockjaw / tetanus ( 破伤风 )piles / hemorrhoids ( 痔疮 )fits / convulsion ( 惊厥 )chilblain / erythema pernio ( 冻疮 ),obstruction,tolerance,rejection,incubation,rupture,梗阻,耐受性,排异,潜伏期,疝,Amphibious Words,angry,carrier,attack,administration,appendix,肿痛发炎的,带菌者,(疾病)发作,(药的)服法,阑尾,Amphibious Words,Amphibious Words resistance 抵抗力 tolerance 耐受性rejection 排异 incubation 潜伏期rupture 疝abortion 流产angry （患处）肿痛发炎的carrier 带菌者attack （疾病）侵袭，发作administration （药的）服法，用法appendix 阑尾,Words from other languages Medical words from Latin: acute cell 3) cortex: Entering English in 1653 from Latin, originally meaning bark of a tree. Specific reference of the outer layer of the brain was first recorded in 1741.,More examples: cutis (皮) aorta (主动脉) cervix (颈) sinus (窦) bronchus (支气管) os (骨) abdomen (腹) membrane(膜) vertebra (椎骨) cartilage (软骨),2. Medical words from Greek: colon: It entered English in 1398, based on Greek Kolon ( large intestine, food, meat) 2) coma: It was borrowed from Greek koma ( deep sleep ) in 1646. 3) pneumonia: Greek pneumonia ( inflammation of the lungs) entered English in 1603.,4) psychology: Coined in 1653 from Greek psykhe- ( breath, spirit, soul ) and logia ( study of ), it originally meant study of the soul. Meaning study of the mind was first recorded in 1748.,More examples: stoma (口,小孔) soma (身体,躯干) glottis (声门) aden (腺) derma (真皮) larynx (喉) nephron (肾单位) rachis (脊柱) pharynx (咽) phalanx (指骨),3. Medical words from French:malaise （不适） faint （虚弱；昏厥）disease （疾病）bruit （杂音） massage （按摩） 4. Medical words from Italian:influenza (流感) malaria (疟疾)quarantine ( 检疫，隔离 ),5. Medical words from Spanish: mosquito（蚊）quinine（奎宁） 6. Medical words from Germanchemotherapy（化疗）chromosome（染色体）neuron（神经元）,New words created according to need antibiotic （抗生素）electrocardiogram （心电图）AIDS （爱滋病）SARS （非典型性肺炎）Alzheimers disease (早老性痴呆症) Parkinsons disease (帕金森病),As we know, medical terms come from different origins, including Latin, Greek, French and other languages. One result of such diversity in origin is that different elements or even words are used to refer to the same concept, thing, or idea. Overlapping in reference is very common in medical terminology.,Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms,Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms,Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms,The Plural forms of some medical words,A medical term often has both the regular plural form and the foreign plural form. The latter is generally used in formal style, while the regular one is frequently used in daily medical English, especially in spoken English.,Some words may have only the foreign plural form, for example, bacillus bacilli, ovum ova, some may have only the regular form, for example, virus viruses, antibody antibodies, electron electrons. Many have both forms, for example, vertebra vertebras, vertebrae, matrix matrixes, matrices.,特殊单复数词尾变化规律 1) a-aee.g. aorta-aortae 主动脉 pleura-pleurae 胸膜 2) us-i e.g. coccus-cocci 球菌 bacillus-bacilli 杆菌 3) um-ae.g. serum-sera ( serums) 血清 bacterium-bacteria,4) on-ae.g. phenomenon-phenomena criterion-criteria 5) is-ese.g. crisis-crises 危象 analysis-analyses 分析 6) ma-matae.g. trauma-traumata 创伤 haematoma-haematomata 血肿,7) men-minae.g. lumen-lumina （管）腔 abdomen-abdomina 腹 8) 元音+x-元音+cese.g. cortex-cortices 皮质 appendix-appendices 阑尾thorax-thoraces 胸廓辅音+x-辅音+ gese.g. pharynx-pharynges 咽 larynx-larynges 喉,Acronyms首字母缩略词 Acronyms are very common in medical literature. An acronym is a word coined from the initial letters of a group of words. They have been very active and have been increasing in number especially in science and technology. A large number of acronyms have been created in medical literature, such as:,CT ( computerized tomography) RBC ( red blood cell) C.C ( chief complain ) BMR ( basal metabolic rate )B.P ( blood pressure ) G.P ( general practitioner)全科医师 N.P ( nurse practitioner )从业护士,Some acronyms are not made of the initial letters of individual words of a compound term. Rather, they are mostly composed of the initial letter of the word plus the first letter of other components of the same word, such as:TB ( tuberculosis )肺结核OD ( overdose )用药过量IV ( intravenous )静脉注射的NP ( neuropsychiatry )神经精神医学,Attention should be given to those not from modern English but from Latin or Greek. The following are the most commonly used acronyms of this kind.a.c. ( ante cibum = before meal )p.c. ( post cibum = after meal )b.i.d ( bis in die = twice a day )t.i.d ( ter in die = three times a day )q.i.d ( quarter in die = four times a day )b.i.n ( bis in nocte = twice a night ),O.D ( oculus dexter = right eye ) O.S ( oculus sinister = left eye ) p.r.n ( pro re nata = as needed ) q.h ( quaque hora = every hour ) q.m ( quaque mane = every morning ) q.n ( quaque nocte = every night ),医学生誓言 THE OATH OF A MEDICAL STUDENT,健康所系、性命相托。Health related， life entrusted. 当我步入神圣医学学府的时刻，谨庄严宣誓： The moment I step into the hallowed medical institution，I pledge solemnly.,我志愿献身医学，热爱祖国，忠于人民，恪守医德，尊师守纪，刻苦钻研，孜孜不倦，精益求精，全面发展。I will volunteer myself to medicine with love for my motherland and loyalty to the people. I will scrupulously 一丝不苟地abide by the medical ethics, respect my teachers and discipline myself. I will strive diligently for the perfection of technology and for all-round development of myself.,THE OATH OF A MEDICAL STUDENT,我决心竭尽全力除人类之病痛，助健康之完美，维护医术的圣洁和荣誉。I am determined to strive diligently to eliminate mans suffering， enhance man s health conditions and uphold the chasteness and honor of medicine.,救死扶伤，不辞艰辛，执着追求，为祖国医药卫生事业的发展和人类身心健康奋斗终生！ 国家教委高教司1991106号 附件四 I will heal the wounded and rescue the dying, regardless of the hardships. I will always be in earnest pursuit of better achievement . I will work all my life for the development of the nation s medical enterprise as well as mankind s physical and mental health.,11/15/2018,.,雄心,行为,专注,顾客,原则,激励,让员工相信战略的内在价值，建立感情联系,战略体现在组织能力和管理流程中，人财物,为使目标可信，必须将目标转化成具体行为,能将外部的顾客期望转化为公司的企业文化,做减法，而不是做加法，集中资源于关键点,让员工的希望和他们的未来之间建立起联系,保证战略实施的6大要素,11/15/2018,.,经济心理学 Economics Psychological,研究人们对生产关系、经济政策和经济机制的心理反映规律的科学。是经济学、管理学和心理学相结合的一门新兴学科。 心理经济学是20世纪中叶以后逐步形成的。早期泰罗曾对劳动心理作过研究。而作为一门独立学科是70年代才正式建立的。,主要著作：有美国学者乔治坎特纳的心理经济学（1975）等。,11/15/2018,.,