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第40课 书面表达解题策略方法 书面表达是每年中考必考题型，是考查学生交际能力的一个重要组成部分。书面表达通常有三种形式：1. 书信、日记、通知、留言、假条；2. 看图写作；3. 根据汉语提示写作。无论是哪一种书面表达形式，考生所写的短文都要紧扣主题，文理通顺，要素完整，语言准确、得当，格式正确，无大小写和拼写错误，标点符号正确，能达到交际目的。一、训练方法1. 记。认真系统复习和背诵基础知识和优美的句子、句型。中国有句古话，叫“熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟”。同样，要使自己具有较强的写作能力，首先应该熟读和背诵一些句型和短文。许多同学写出来的语言根本不符合英语的语言习惯，相当一部分人有对照中文逐字翻译的不良习惯，不去理会中英文的差异。大量的背诵和阅读是提高写作能力的有效方法，同学们若有大量的现成语言积累在脑海里，自己写起文段来，就可以做到脱口而出，或是模仿、套用，甚至发挥。2. 练。每练一篇书面表达题，都要真正学到一点东西，不可贪多而边学边忘。平时可以采用循序渐进、灵活多样的练习方式。从根据提示词写单句开始，然后到写几句话，最后到写流利的文段。尽量尝试多种形式的写作，如短信、说明、通知、便条、明信片、看图写作、根据表格或记录写短文等。3. 写。要进行实战写作。要求自己在20分钟内写出100词的短文，并且质量高、内容全、形式正确。这样形成习惯，考试时就能得心应手。二、应试策略1. 审题目：要切中题意。中考考试说明指出，书面表达要切中题意。怎样才能切中题意？就是要认真审题，看到考题后，先不要急于动笔，要仔细看清题目要求的内容。在自己的头脑中构思出一个框架或画面，确定短文的中心思想，不要匆匆下笔，要看懂题意，根据图画、图表、提纲或短文提供的资料和信息来审题。审题要审格式、体裁、人物关系、故事情节、主体时态、活动时间、地点等。2. 圈要点：防止遗漏要点。要点是给分的一个重要因素。为了防止写作过程中遗漏要点，同学们要充分发挥自己的观察力，把情景中给出的各个要点逐条列出。3. 列提纲：为写作做好准备。根据文章要点及短文的中心思想将主要句型、关键词记下，形成提纲。4. 定基调：定出时态、人称、顺序、开头、结尾。5. 写全文：写短文时要做到以下七个方面：（1）避免使用汉语式英语，尽量使用自己熟悉的句型。几种句型可交替使用，以避免重复和呆板。（2）多用简单句型，记事、写人一般都不需要复杂的句型。可适当多使用陈述句、一般疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。不用或少用含有非谓语或情态动词等较复杂的句型。（3）注意语法、句法知识的灵活运用。（4）描写人物时，要生动具体，如：外表特征：tall, short, fat, thin, ordinary-looking, strong, weak等。服饰颜色：red, yellow, blue, white, green, brown,black等。情绪描写：glad, happy, sad, excited, anxious, interested等。感情描写：love, like, hate, feel, laugh, cry, smile,shout等。动作描写：come, go, get, have, take, bring, fetch等。（5）上下文要连贯，恰当使用关联词。上下文的连贯性也是评分的一条原则，因此同学们应把写好的句子，根据故事情节，事情发生的先后次序（时间或空间），使用一些表示并列、递进等的过渡词进行加工整理，使文章连贯、自然、流畅。（6）不会表达，另辟蹊径。中考作文给分是以要点和语言准确度而定，不以文采打分。造句越简单准确越好，造复合句容易出错，容易被扣分。阅卷场上有句话：“错误面前人人平等，文采好不加分”。如遇到个别要点表达不出来或难以表达，可采用变通的办法，化难为易，化繁为简。总之，所造句子要正确、得体、符合英语表达习惯。（7）认真检查，改正错误。中考写作文时，由于时间紧、内容多，同学们出错在所难免。因此，改错这一环节必不可少。中考作文评卷是根据要点、语言准确性、上下文的连贯性来给分，根据错误多少来扣分。因此，中考时花几分钟时间用来检查错误显得尤为重要。检查错误应从以下几个方面入手：格式是否有错；拼写有无错误；语言是否用错；时态、语态错误；标点错误；人称是否用错。三、书面表达评分标准参考采分点满分可给分值1. 内容充实，覆盖要点（内容、要点）7分67分描述所有信息，内容合理、丰富35分描述了大部分信息，内容比较合理12分描述了小部分信息，内容不合理0分没有作答或描述内容与主题无关2. 用词适切，语法正确，句型多样（词汇、语法、句型）7分67分用词适切，句型变化多样且有效，完全或基本没有语言错误35分用词基本适切，句型较为单一，有少量语言错误但不影响理解12分有较多语言错误，一定程度上影响理解0分有大量语言错误，影响了理解3. 结构紧凑，意思连贯（语意、连词、指代）4分34分行文连贯，连接词使用恰当，指代清晰12分行文不够连贯，连接词使用不恰当，指代不够清晰0分没有连贯意识4. 书写规范，词数适宜（标点符号、大小写、词数）2分2分大小写、标点正确，词数达标，书写规范整洁1分大小写、标点有部分错误，词数达标，书写尚可辨认0分大小写、标点错误较多，语言不规范，词数严重不足，书写难以辨认四、初中英语写作常用谚语1. Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。2. A light heart lives long.心情开朗寿命长。（不恼不愁，活到白头。）3. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，医生远离我。4. Nothing in the world is difficult for the man who sets his mind to it./Anything is possible if you work hard./Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。5. It is better to give than to receive.给予比接受更好。6. A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真朋友。7. Gifts of roses, hands there are lingering fragrance.赠人玫瑰，手有余香。8. God helps those who help others.助人者天助。9. Well begun is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。10. A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.一本好书，相伴一生。11. All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。12. Rome was not built in a day.罗马不是一日建成的。（伟业非一日之功。）13. Something is learned every time a book is opened.开卷有益。14. Easier said than done.说起来容易做起来难。15. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。16. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。17. Its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。18. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行，始于足下。19. Actions speak louder than words.行动胜过语言。20. Do as Romans do in Rome.入乡随俗。21. Time flies never to be recalled. 光阴一去不复返。22. No pains, no gains. 不劳则无获。23. Its never too late to mend.亡羊补牢，犹未晚也。24. Reading makes a full man.读书使人完善。25. Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。26. Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。27. Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.切莫过于乐观。28. Many hands make light work.人多力量大。29. Dont put off till tomorrow what should be done today.今日事今日毕。30. East or west, home is best.金窝银窝，不如自家的狗窝。五、xx、xx浙江省中考常见书面表达例题及范文（一）观点表达类 （xx温州中考）如今，国内外很多孩子在父母的安排下没有了自己的周末，如下图中的Jack。请分析图中的这种现象并谈谈你的看法，以“Weekend or Not?”为题写一篇约110词的英语短文向Parents杂志投稿，让父母们通过阅读你的文章能有所启发。注意：文中若出现“Jack”以外的人名或任何学校名称，该作文得分不超过12分。One possible version:Weekend or Not?Jack has to attend lots of classes at weekends. He has little time for his favorite sportsoccer. Still, his parents are pushing him to do more math exercises, which worries him a lot.Nowadays, many students are under much pressure like Jack. Their parents believe it necessary for them to make full use of the weekends and learn as much as possible. As a result, some students are stressed out and therefore lose interest in learning anything. What is worse, they may not be able to learn to manage their own life.I do hope all the children can have the freedom to choose what they like to do and enjoy their weekends.（二）写人叙事类（xx台州中考）某英文网站正举办主题为“Independence”的征文活动。假如你是张华,请用英语写一篇短文投稿。短文必须结合你的亲身经历，描述与独立这一优秀品质相关的一件事情，并谈谈它给你带来的影响及感受。注意：（1）词数：80100；（2）短文开头仅供选择使用，不计入总词数；（3）文中不得出现真实的人名和校名等相关信息。短文开头：I still remember .Possible version 1:For me, independence means making my own decisions.Once my friends were in a fight. I liked them all equally, but they required me to choose one side. I felt really lost at first! Many solutions came. Later, another idea occurred to me that I should end their fight without taking sides. After all were present, I said I missed times when all of us played together. I wished they could make up and get past it. They realized how much I cared about them. They said sorry to each other and were friends again.My right decision brought joy back into our lives again. There will be a more rewarding experience for each if one tries to be true to oneself.Possible version 2:I still remember the moment I got on the train.Earlier one summer vacation, I joined in the summer camping in Shanghai. When I told my parents I wanted to go there by myself, they said yes. And it put a big smile on my face. My parents are always ready to give me a hand. I was so glad that I didnt have to follow them everywhere all the time.Although this was the first time I left home alone, I believed that the more we practiced being independent, the easier it would become.（三）回信回邮件类（xx台州中考）假如你是张华，以下是你友好结对学校Maple Knoll High School的好友Andrew发给你的一封电子邮件，请你根据该邮件内容给Andrew回复并提出你自己的问题。Hi, Zhang Hua,Hows it going? Im glad that we will graduate soon. As you know, a new life in senior high school will be exciting. Maybe both of us will have many tasks ahead. I wonder if you have any ideas about it. Here are my problems.How can I relax and keep healthy?How can I increase knowledge?Looking forward to your reply. Best wishes!Yours,Andrew注意：（1）请回复邮件中所提及的两个问题，可适当发挥；（2）邮件中不得出现真实人名和校名等相关信息；（3）词数：80100；（4）短文开头仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。短文开头：Hi, Andrew, glad to hear from you. Its important for us to prepare for senior high school.One possible version:（四）讨论、调查汇报类（xx绍兴中考）你校英语社团正在开展主题为“How do students find study partners?”的讨论，为此你采访了一些学生。请你根据下表内容用英语写一篇短文进行交流，并说明你自己的方式及理由。方式理由部分学生使用网络方便找到学伴及时得到帮助部分学生参加社团面对面分享经验共同解决问题你注意：（1）短文必须包括表中所有内容，可适当增加细节；（2）你的理由至少两条；（3）词数：80100；（4）短文首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。参考词汇：学伴 study partner；方便的 convenient短文首句：I have recently done a survey about how students find study partners.One possible version:I have recently done a survey about how students find study partners.Some students find study partners through the Internet. They believe its convenient to find partners to study with online. Besides, they can get help from study partners whenever necessary. Some students prefer to join clubs to find study partners so that they can share experience face to face. Whats more, they think working out problems together helps learn more easily.As for me, Id like to get study partners by going to summer camp because I can learn something new while having fun. Also, its a good way to learn how to get on well with others.（五）合理选择类（xx嘉兴中考）学校将举办“A Summer for Better English”活动。请你从下面的推荐书单中选择2本想阅读的书刊，然后用英语写一篇短文说明你的选择意向及理由，在学校的English Corner分享。A list of books for English skills and for funBasic English WritingSecrets of English WordsA Guide to English Listening20 Topics for English Sp-eakingTreasure IslandRobinson CrusoeAlices Adventures in Wo-nderlandTime for Kids（a magazine）注意：（1）必须从书单中选择2本书刊，并阐述理由；（2）文中不得出现与你身份相关的信息；（3）词数：80100。短文首句仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。短文首句：To improve our English, the school has given a list of books for us to read this summer.One possible version:To improve our English, the school has given a list of books for us to read this summer. Of all the suggested books, I have decided to choose Secrets of English Words and Time for Kids.The first one is a book which may help use English words better. By reading this book, I will surely learn more new words. This will make my future study much easier. Time for Kids is a popular magazine specially written for students, in which I will read interesting stories and have a taste of teen life abroad. So it must be great fun reading it.By being part of this activity, I am expecting a big step forward in my English.当堂检测A（xx诸暨中考模拟） 中考临近，部分九年级学生面临较大的升学压力。为此，你班开展了以“How to spend time happily and meaningfully?”为主题的交流活动。请根据下表内容用英语写一篇短文，汇报你班同学的观点及理由，并提出你的观点及理由。How to spend time happily and meaningfully?同学的观点同学的理由阅读好书开阔视野，放松自己锻炼身体减轻压力，增强体质广交朋友诉说烦恼，分享快乐你的观点及理由要求：（1）短文必须包括表格所提供的所有信息，可适当增加细节；（2）提出你的观点及理由；（3）词数：80100；（4）短文开头仅供选择使用，不计入总词数。短文开头：The students in our class had a heated discussion on how to spend time happily and meaningfully. Here are the results. B（衢州中考） 你校将举行“校园之星（Campus Star）”评选活动，各班就“校园之星”的评选标准展开了讨论。以下是你班同学的部分观点，请将这些观点进行整理，并结合你自己的想法，写一篇发言稿参加学生会评选委员会的讨论。同学们的观点诚实礼貌，有爱心学习勤奋，有进步兴趣广泛，有特长你的观点注意：（1）发言稿应包括表中信息，可适当发挥，但不要逐字翻译；（2）开头已给出（不计入总词数），你只需接着写；（3）文章中不得出现真实的人名和校名；（4）词数：80100。Hello, everybody!Im very glad to be here to share our opinions on “Campus Star” with you. As a star, he/sheThank you!C 足够的睡眠时间对学生来说很重要，然而调查显示，许多学生睡眠时间不足。请根据图示内容，简要指出学生睡眠不足的原因并提出建议。要求：（1）要点齐全，并适当发挥；（2）词数：80左右。开头已给出，不计入总词数；（3）文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称。Its important for students to have enough sleeping time. However, 参考答案当堂检测AOne possible version: The students in our class had a heated discussion on how to spend time happily and meaningfully. Here are the results.Most students think reading good books is a good way because they can open up their mind and relax themselves. Besides, they agree they should do sports in their spare time. They believe it can help them reduce their pressure and make their bodies stronger. Whats more, they think they are supposed to make more friends and share sadness and happiness with each other.From my point of view, its necessary for us to travel around with our parents so that we can improve the relationships with them. Also, we can take up some hobbies which can make our life more meaningful.BOne possible version: Hello, everybody!Im very glad to be here to share our opinions on “Campus Star” with you. As a star, he/she should be an honest person first. He is also polite and ready to help others any time. Second, a Campus Star should be not only a top student but also a good learner. He studies hard, and makes great progress every term. Third, a star should have wide interests. He takes an active part in sports and other activities. And he is popular at school.In my opinion, a Campus Star must be a green person. He loves nature. He takes care of the trees and grass around him and tries his best to protect the environment. Thats all. Thank you!COne possible version: Its important for students to have enough sleeping time. However, many of them dont have enough time to sleep.There are different reasons for it. Some students often spend too much time on computer games so that they dont go to bed early. Some students have bad sleeping habits. They often drink too much tea or coffee before going to bed. This makes them too excited to fall asleep.In order to get enough sleep, we should keep away from computer games. We shouldnt stay up too late. Whats more, we can drink hot milk instead of coffee or listen to soft music before we go to bed, which can help us have a sweet sleep.In a word, if we make good use of time and form good habits, well have enough sleeping time. Then well be happier and healthier.
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