情态动词+have-done-结构

.情态动词一need 和 dare情态动词 用法 例句用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去式要用 neednt have，疑问式用 need+人称?,否定式用 need not(即 neednt） ，1Need we leave soon?Yes, you must.(No, you neednt)2You neednt have hurried.(=It was not necessary for you to hurry，but you did).你当时不必这么匆忙。need做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，后接带 to 的不定式（need doing = need to be done ）,过去式用 needed、did you need?和 didnt need,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用 do、does、did提问，否定式要在前面加dont、doesnt、didnt1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词，need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解)2He needs to see a doctor.(need to do)3Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something) 4They didnt need to start so early.(do not need to do)用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中1Dare you tell her the truth?Yes, I dare. /No, I darent.1 How dare you accuse me of lying!2 He darent admit this.dare用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中，dare 后接带 to 的不定式；否定句中，dare 后既可接带 to 的不定式，也可接不带 to 的不定式。1 Only a few journalists dared to cover the story.2 He doesnt dare (to) go there alone.3 Dont you dare (to) touch it?二ought 的用法：情态动词 用法 例句表示“应该”之意 1 You ought to take care of him.2 Ought I go now?Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtnt to.ought to do表示推测。注意与 must 表示推测是的区别 1 He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)2 He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)3 This is where the oil must be. (比较直率)4 This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄)说明：should 与 ought to 表示“应该”时的区别should 表示自己的主观看法，而 ought to 的语气中，含有“按道理应该”之意，强调义务或责任，should 主要指适宜或不适宜做。You should help them with their work.You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.（义务）一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。二、 “cant+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。1. Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。2. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. .玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过吗？”。1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。疑问句否定句中与 can have done 用法相同。He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。What has happened to George?I dont know. He may have got lost.乔治发生了什么事？我不知道，他可能迷路了。六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might 与 may 意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。1. I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。2. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldnt+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldnt have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“neednt+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。1.I neednt have bought so much wineonly five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldnt have missed the train.他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。“情态动词have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。1 should (ought to) have过去分词 表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该”；其否定形式为“should notought not to have 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didnt show up. （04广西卷）A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving解析本题中的一个关键词 but 暗示了“Mr. White 按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选A。2neednt have过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。As you worked late yesterday, you_ have come this morning. (06陕西卷)A. maynt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt解析 He neednt have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选D。注意 He didnt need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。3must have过去分词用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用 cantcouldnt have 过去分词。I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere . （05北京春季）.A. must drop B. must have droppedC. must be dropping D. must have been dropped解析本题应选 B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05天津卷）A. shouldnt B. couldnt C. mustnt D. neednt解析从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选B 。 4maymight have过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years. (06天津卷)A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt Key:B5cancould have过去分词 表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能也许已做了某事吗？”。- I stayed at a hotel while in New York .- Oh, did you? You with Barbara (NMET98) A. could have stayed B. could stayC. would stay D. must have stayed Key: A巩固性练习：从 A、B、C、D 中选择最佳答案。1-You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?-No, but we _. He didnt return home at all.A. couldnt have waited B. neednt have C. didnt need to D. should wait2Harry _ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.A. could B. might C. should D. must3-May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six oclock tonight ?”-“Im sorry, Mr. Smith to a conference before then.”A. will have gone B. had gone C. would have gone D. has gone4-Tom took away our teachers cell phone without being permitted.- Really? I cant imagine that he _ have done such a thing.A. must B. may C. can D. should5- Was it you that made the suggestion?- It have been. I cant remember.A. need B. must C. should D. may6The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me .A. should have taken B. could have takenC. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken7He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free.A.could B.would C.must D. need8I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She at the meeting .A. mustnt have spoken B. mightnt have spokenC. cant have spoken D. shouldnt have spoken9- Hi, is that Peter Brown?-Sorry. You _ the wrong number .A. must dial B. must have dialed C. should dial D. should have dialed10I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour .A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have done11. Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled manA. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 12. You buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. must B. mustnt C. have to D. dont have to 13 I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A Must B Can C May D Will14. I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt.15. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 16. I take the book out? w_w w. kmIm afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need17 .Just be patient .You _ expect the world to change so soon .A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. whether 18. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month.Dont worry. You_ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_19. May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt20.Im afraid Mr. Harding _see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D .neednt21 .Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ be regular exerciseAcan Bwill Cmust Dmay22. -Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. -Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A. might B. must C. would D. can23. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”A. need B. can C. must D. would Keys for reference： 1-5 CAADD 6-10 CACBBDDA 5155 AABAB 5660 DACBC