卧式双面扩孔组合机床电气控制系统设计

西安航空职业技术学院 毕业设计论文1核准通过，归档资料。未经允许，请勿外传！卧式双面扩孔组合机床电气控制系统设计摘 要组合机床及其自动线是集机电于一体的综合自动化程度较高的制造技术和成套工艺装备。它的特征是高效、高质、经济实用，因而被广泛应用于工程机械、交通、能源、军工、轻工、家电等行业。我国传统的组合机床及组合机床自动线主要采用机、电、气、液压控制，它的加工对象主要是生产批量比较大的大中型箱体类和轴类零件，完成钻孔、扩孔、铰孔，加工各种螺纹、镗孔、车端面和凸台，在孔内镗各种形状槽，以及铣削平面和成形面等。随着技术的不断进步，一种新型的组合机床柔性组合机床越来越受到人们的青睐，它应用多位主轴箱、可换主轴箱、编码随行夹具和刀具的自动更换，配以可编程序控制器（PLC） 、数字控制（NC）等，能任意改变工作循环控制和驱动系统，并能灵活适应多品种加工的可调可变的组合机床。 本文对可编程序控制器（PLC）应用于双面扩孔组合机床电气控制系统的设计思想作了介绍。对系统的硬件组成和软件设计作了较为详细的阐述。关键词：可编程控制器（PLC）,组合机床, 步进梯形指令(STL)，动力滑台。9JWKffwvG#tYM*Jg编程联网M. 北京：中国劳动出版社，1998.528113 皱金惠 .可编程控制器（PLC ）原理及应用M. 昆明：云南科技出版社，2001：3665ag an employment tribunal clai Emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. You may need to make a claim to an employment tribunal if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. For more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed under Further help. Employment tribunals are less formal than some other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. Most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. If you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the organisations listed under Further help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, see Dismissal. You can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you havent appealed against the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. However, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. Remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are 西安航空职业技术学院 毕业设计论文27complaining about happened. If your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal will not usually accept i. If you are worried about how the time limits apply to you If you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. This is known as a damages-based agreement. In England and Wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.youre clear about the terms of the agreement. It might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a Citizens Advice Bureau. To find your nearest CAB, including those that give advice by e-mail, click on nearest CAB.For more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, see Employment tribunals.The (lack of) air up there Watch m Cay man Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.“I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Ya ya Toure,“ he told BBC Sport.“For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.“Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the “racist behaviour of their fans“ during Citys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were “surprised and disappointed“ by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: “We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA.“Age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. May be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; May be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusionment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. Always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. Twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字开头的年龄已经到了尾声。或许是愧疚于自己似乎把转瞬即逝的很多个不同的日子过成了同一天的样子；或许是追溯过去，对自己那些近乎偏执的怪异信念的醒悟，这些天以来，思绪一直很凌乱，在脑海中不断纠缠。总觉得自己似乎应该去做点什么，或者写点什么。二十年的人生轨迹深深浅浅，突然就感觉到有些事情，非做不可了。The end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而穷尽我们的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？During my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for New Year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those things are optional; Junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; Then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out your inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appearance.童年时，觉得压岁钱和新衣服是过年必备，但是随着年龄的推进，会越来越发现，那些东西根本就可有可无；初中时，以为要有一场暗恋才意味着真正的成长，但三年过去后，自己心平气和的写同学录的时候，突然就发现是不是真正的成长了，好像并没有那么重要了；然后到了高中，觉得非要吐露出自己的心声才能为高中生涯里的懵懂情愫划上一个句点，但毕业晚会的时候最终还是被梗塞在了咽喉，后来再次站在他曾经挥汗如雨的球场，看着他投过篮球的球框时，突然间发现自己已经想不起他的容颜。Originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, in addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原来，这个世界上，对某个事件能产生化学反应的，除了非做不可的坚决，还有，时间。A persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. Want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. Also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. Dislike his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. Those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一个人的时候，自己的想法总是特别地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明确，好像没有什么可以撼动自己。也曾经好像已经下定了决心去做某件事，但更多的时候是最后又打起了退堂鼓。嫌恶过自己的怯懦，最终却发现有很多缘分，有很多错过，好像冥冥之中真的已经注定。那些曾经所谓的非做不可，只是青葱年华里自己给自己注射的一支强心剂，或者说，是自以为是的精神寄托罢了。At the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. Suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; Those were broken into various shapes of stationery; From the corner at the beginning of deep friendship; Have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. Those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是阴暗的，空气里有着刚下过雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件蓝格子衬衫；那些被折成各种各样形状的信纸；那段从街角深巷伊始的友谊；还有那场还没有开始就宣告了终结的邂逅计划那些年那些天的非做不可，终于和青春一样，都将在我们的人生中谢幕。Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. We often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. We try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this all we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. We need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活发生不幸时，我们常常会关上心门；世界不仅没能慰藉我们，反倒使我们更加消沉。我们假装一切仿佛都不曾发生，以此试图忘却伤痛，可就算隐藏得再好，最终也还是骗不了自己。既然如此，何不尝试打开心门，拥抱生活中的各种可能，让世界感化我们呢？西安航空职业技术学院 毕业设计论文28Whenever we start to let our fears and seriousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. The items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.当恐惧与焦虑来袭时，我们应该退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六个方法有助于你更完满透彻地敞开心扉。Whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead of running away or trying to mask the hurt. When the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. When we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. We take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.当生活中出现痛苦的事情时，别再逃跑或隐藏痛苦，试着拥抱它吧；当悲伤来袭时，试着深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我们一味逃避生活中的悲伤，悲伤只会变得更强烈更真实 悲伤原本只是稍纵即逝的情绪，我们却固执地耿耿于怀By utilizing our breath we soften our experiences. If we dam them up, our lives will stagnate, but when we keep them flowing, we allow more newness and greater experiences to blossom.深呼吸能减缓我们的感受。屏住呼吸，生活停滞；呼出呼吸，更多新奇与经历又将拉开序幕。2. Embrace the uncomfortable We all know what that twinge of anxiety feels like. We know how fear feels in our bodies: the tension in our necks, the tightness in our stomachs, etc. We can practice leaning into these feelings of discomfort and let them show us where we need to go.我们都经历过焦灼的煎熬感，也都感受过恐惧造成的生理反应：脖子僵硬、胃酸翻腾。其实，我们有能力面对这些痛苦的感受，从中领悟到出路。The initial impulse is to run away to try and suppress these feelings by not acknowledging them. When we do this, we close ourselves off to the parts of our lives that we need to experience most. The next time you have this feeling of being truly uncomfortable, do yourself a favor and lean into the feeling. Act in spite of the fear.我们的第一反应总是逃避 以为否认不安情绪的存在就能万事大吉，可这也恰好妨碍了我们经历最需要的生活体验。下次感到不安时，不管有多害怕，也请试着勇敢面对吧。3. Ask your heart what it wants 倾听内心 Were often confused at the next step to take, making pros and cons lists until our eyes bleed and our brains are sore. Instead of always taking this approach, what if we engaged a new part of ourselves that isnt usually involved in the decision making process?我们常对未来犹疑不定，反复考虑利弊直到身心俱疲。与其一味顾虑重重，不如从局外人的角度看待决策之事。From: http:/www.hxen.com/englisharticle/yingyumeiwen/2013-08-06/227968.htmlThe supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weatheThe balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end. Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters). In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there内容珍贵，资料来源真实可靠！你所谓的迷茫，说到底，就是懒！你说，你很迷茫，对未来有那么多不确定，看不到希望，不敢轻举妄动。我说，别找借口，你无非是懒得行动罢了。少年，别总把你的懒惰说得那么漂亮少年不识愁滋味，爱上层楼，爱上层楼，为赋新词强说愁。这可以理解成为矫情，也可以深层次的理解成所谓的迷茫。西安航空职业技术学院 毕业设计论文29记住，无论是青春还是年华，一旦和迷茫扯上关系，接下来，坐以待毙，甘心平庸，就会成为主旋律，如病毒一样侵袭每个人。我给大家说一个真实的故事：大学毕业后，步入社会，走入职场，顺理成章。有一天，一个朋友给我打电话，讲述着自己的困惑，对未来的迷茫。大概的内容总结起来是这样的；第一；在单位没有存在感，工作乏味，赚钱不多。第二；不是很喜欢这个职位，和自己的专业不对口，没有那么多兴趣爱好。第三；每天工作内容是不少，但都是细如牛毛的小事，没什么意义。第四；觉得领导是难为自己，他们也没有什么真才实学。说实话，我听的有点累，但我还是耐心的听到最后，给出真心实意的建议。那就是；别扯迷茫，你就是懒，说到底。这也许是许多人嘴里所谓的迷茫，那我倒是想问一问；工作，你真的用心做了吗？你说你不喜欢它，你兴趣爱好不在于此，但是，为什么一开始你选择了？选择了刚起步你就退缩了？你坚持过吗？你到底能坚持什么？你说工作事情小，你又可以做多少大事呢？小事也没做好，甚至不西安航空职业技术学院 毕业设计论文30愿意去做，还不就是给懒惰找借口吗？我真的很难发现，什么是你付出却没有一点回报的？你不说自己的懒散，给自己讲理由，你如果真可以，那么领导的位置就是你的了，不是吗？我知道；你们说的迷茫，是对不可控的未来，见不到希望的未来，看不到方向的未来，可是，说到底，还是未来，你脚踏实地的看当下了吗？很多人都在讲选择比努力还重要，你千万别信，最大的谎言莫过于此。选择，你没有站在一个制高点，选择不就是瞎蒙吗？但是，你只要不懒散，去努力，还是有所实践的，摸索中前进。心里想的，明明是“不想做，不愿做” ，嘴上却说的理直气壮。“不喜欢” ，不过就是你不努力的借口， “迷茫”就是你逃避的理由。这让我想起了学生时代，考试前，觉得通不过，我好迷茫。感情谈不明白，我好迷茫。同学关系，处理不好，我好迷茫。几乎所有的不顺心，所有事一旦遇到沟沟坎坎，就他妈迷茫，唉声叹气是标配，更可怕是动不动找人倾述。回头想想，都觉得可笑至极，还不要脸的说，那就是青春的味道，狗屁。你想过，为什么你的迷茫那么频繁吗？你为什么落后于别人吗？你自认为是不喜欢读书，讨厌考试，那不能说明自己的才学和能力，