非谓语动词之分词的用法.ppt

M5U2Grammarandusage分词的用法,StepOne:Revision(不定式复习）,todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendoing,tobedone,tohavebeendone,用不定式的适当形式填空:1._theprojectasplanned,wellhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.(complete)2.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly_thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(tell)3.Theyknewherwell.Theyhadseenher_upfromthechildhood.(grow)4.Themeeting_tomorrowisimportant.(hold)5.Shewasthefirstwoman_thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.(win)6.Withtwobadteeth_,myfatherhastoseethedoctortomorrow.(pullout),Tocomplete,tobetold,grow,tobeheld,towin,tobepulledout,一、分词分类二、分词的性质及功能具有_性质，可以再句子担任_。其中，现在分词表示主动的含义，或动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动含义，或动作已完成。,现在分词,过去分词,表语，定语，宾补或状语,形容词或者副词,Steptwo：分词的用法,分词的形式：现在分词,doing,beingdone,havingdone,havingbeendone,*过去分词done(唯一形式),*分词的否定式是在其结构前加not,主谓关系（主动）,同时或基本同时发生,主谓关系（主动）,先于谓语动作的发生,动宾（被动）关系,同时或基本同时发生,动宾（被动）关系,先于谓语动作的发生,动宾（被动）关系,*现在分词各种形式所表示的含义,*分词的完成式不作宾补，不作定语,表语，定语，宾补或状语1）定语asleepingbabyababywhoissleepingarunningdogadogwhichisrunning,abrokenglass=aglasswhichisbrokenabeatenteam=ateamwhichisbeaten,Thisistheproblemdiscussedatthemeeting.Thisistheproblemwhichwasdiscussedatthelastmeeting.,Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Theproblemwhichisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.,注意：1.单个分词做定语，放在所修饰的名词之前。分词短语做定语，放在所修饰的名词之后。2.分词做定语的句子一般能改写成定语从句。3.区别现在分词做定语和动名词做定语,asleepingcarasleepingbabyareadingroomareadinggirlaswimmingpoolaswimmingplayer,动名词做定语，表示某种功能；现在分词做定语，表示动作正在进行。ahearingaid助听器,2）表语这个消息听起来令人振奋Thenewssoundsexciting.他们感到兴奋Thegotveryexcited.他的父亲对他的成绩感到很满意。Hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisscore.我的表不见了Mywatchisgone.,注意：do+ing令人.do+ed感到(分词作表语具有形容词特征,没有动作意义),3）宾补当我醒来的时候，我发现妈妈正坐在我旁边。WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmymothersittingbesideme.我想找人秤这个包裹的重量。Idliketohavethispackageweighed.,我听到铃在某个地方正在响起。Ihearabellringingsomewhere.我找人把牙给拔了。Ihadatoothpulledoff.,我发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。Ifoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.我看到蛇吃鸡蛋。Ifoundthesnake(to)eattheeggs.我发现鸡蛋被蛇吃了。Ifoundtheeggseatenbythesnake.,Heheardsomeonecallinghim.他听到有人正在喊他。Heheardhisnamecalled.他听到他的名字被叫。,IcantmakemyselfunderstoodbecauseofmypoorEnglish.因为我糟糕的英语，我不能让自己被理解。Ididntmakemyselfheardbecausealotofpeoplecriedinthehall.许多人在大厅里喊叫，所以我不能让自己被听见。,注意：1.后接宾语再接分词做宾补的常用动词：感官动词：hearseenoticewatchfeelfind使役动词：makelethaveget2.动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词做宾补区别:动词不定式做宾补，表示动作全过程；现在分词做宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词做宾补表示被动概念。,分词作状语,1.现在分词作状语Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago,leavingherthreechildrentolookafter.Readingcarefully,youlllearnsomethingnew.Travelingbycar,wevisitedmanyplaces.Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.,(时间、结果、条件、方式、伴随),Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntvisitherinperson.Havingfoundthecause,thedoctorswereabletotreatthediseaseandcureit.Nothavingbeeninvited,shehadtostayathome.,总结：现在分词作状语时，其动作与谓语的动作同时或基本同时发生时，用一般体，即用doingsth.形式；如果分词的动作先于谓语动作发生时，用完成体，即用havingdonesth.形式；如果是否定，在分词前加not，即用notdoingsth.或nothavingdonesth.形式。,generallyspeaking（一般地来说）judgingfrom/by（根据判断）considering（考虑到）taking.intoconsideration（把.考虑进去）providing（如果），supposing（假设），Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.Consideringyourhealth,youdbetterhavearest.,2.过去分词作状语Facedwithdifficulties,wemusttrytoovercomethem.Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.Theoldmanwentintotheroom,supportedbyhisdaughter.,(时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随),总结：过去分词作状语表示分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，如果是否定，用notdone。,分词作状语还可由连词引起，表示各种意义：1.Pleasetakenoteswhilelisteningtothereport.2.Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.3.Thoughlackingmoney,theparentsstillmanagedtosendtheirsontocollege.4.Youngpeopleshouldgoandworkwhereverneeded.5.Oncepublished,thebookwillbecomeabest-seller.6.Iwontattendhisweddingpartyunlessinvited.,注意1.分词做状语可以还原为状语从句。2.运用此类句型时，前后主语要保持一致。,随堂练习与巩固,高考英语语法分类汇编-分词,（09福建）1._nottomisstheflightat15:20,themanagersetoutfortheairportinahurry.A.RemindingB.RemindedC.ToremindD.Havingreminded(09四川)2._manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.A.ToldB.TellingC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentold（09安徽）3.Theplay_nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.A.producedB.beingproducedC.tobeproducedD.havingbeenproduced,B,C,D,(09江西)4.Thegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.A.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforced(09上海)5.Billsuggested_ameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.A.havingheldB.toholdC.holdingD.hold(09浙江)6._andshortofbreath,AndyandRubywerethefirsttoreachthetopofMountTai.A.totireB.TiredC.TiringD.Beingtired,B,C,B,(09湖南)7.Attheageof29,Davewasaworker,_inasmallapartmentnearBostonand_whattodoabouthisfuture.A.living;wonderingB.lived;wonderingC.lived;wonderedD.living;wondered(09江西)8._therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewtheinternationalstars.A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given(09重庆)9.Michaelsnewhouseislikeahugepalace,_withhisoldone.A.comparingB.comparesC.tocompareD.compared,A,D,D,1.Facedwithabillfor$10，000，_.A.JohnhastakenanextrajobB.thebosshasgivenJohnanextrajobC.anextrajobhasbeentakenD.anextrajobhasbeengiventoJohn,3._toreachthemonthephone，wesentanemail,insteadA.FailB.FailedC.TofailD.Havingfailed4._aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBirdsNestforthe2008OlympicGames.A.HavingshownB.TobeshownC.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow,2.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,_foradegreeincomputerscience.A.studiedB.studyingC.tohavestudiedD.tobestudying,小试身手,5.inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed,6._frommediareports,theresulthasbeenunclear.A.TojudgeB.HavingjudgedC.JudgingD.Judged,7._outoftheofficebuilding,suddenlyacarstoppedinfrontofme.A.TocomeB.HavingcomeC.ComingD.ThemomentIcame,8.Mycousincametoseemefromthecountry,_meafullbasketoffreshfruits.A.broughtB.bringingC.tobringD.hadbrought,FillthepassagewithproperformOurEnglishteacher,MissWangisfriendlywithus,_fromHunanprovince.Weare_(interest)inherclass,becauseherclassislivelyand_.(interest)Likemanyotherteachers,shedevotesherselfto_(work)andspendsmostofthetime_(stay)withstudents._(consider)ourpoorEnglish,shecomestoourclassroomalmosteverymorning,_(watch)overthestudents_(read)English.Shehasaspecialwaytodealwiththestudents_(sleep)inclass.Shewillaskthesestudents_(answer)thequestions_(give)byherself.Sheisbusywithherjoballtheday._(finish)allthework,shegoeshometohavearest.Butitisverylateintheday.MissWangissucharesponsibleteacherthatallofuslikeherverymuch.,coming,interested,interesting,working,staying,Considering,watching,reading,sleeping,toanswer,given,Havingfinished,难题解析,1.When_help,oneoftensays“Thankyou.”or“Itskindofyou.”A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered,D,解析：本题考查分词作状语与连词的连用。解题关键是判断动词offer与句子主语的关系，此处为被动关系，故用过去分词offered,补充完整该句子为：Whenoneisofferedhelp,oneoftensays.,难题解析,2.Thecomputercentre,_lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened,D,解析：本题考查分词作定语，解题关键是判断动词open与被修饰名词thecomputercenter的关系，即被动，所以用过去分词，相当于一个非限制定语从句：whichwasopenedlastyear,难题解析,3.Themanager,_itcleartousthathedidntagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.havingmadeC.madeD.making,B,解析：本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词make与主句主语是主动关系，且该动作发生在主语谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式：havingdone。A项应为：whohadmade,难题解析,4._animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.(2013江苏高考）A.BasedB.BasingC.BaseD.Tobase,B,解析：本题考查现在分词作状语。非谓语动词base与主句主语是主动关系，词组baseon意思为“将基于”，故用doing.句意：如果你做决定的时候更多的基于情感而非理智，你早晚会后悔。,难题解析,5.Whilewatchingtelevision,_.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings,C,解析：本题考查现在分词作状语，与连词一起使用时，主句主语要与从句保持一致。句子补充完整应该是：Whilewewerewatchingtelevision,weheardthedoorbellring.,