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Newzealand,生物1122姜宗森孙文鞠丹崔雨婕,Geography,TheGeographicalFeatures:NewZealandisintheSouthernPacificOcean,halfwaybetweentheequatorandtheSouthPole.ItislocatedwithintheRingofFire,aregionencirclingthePacificOceanwherethemovementoftectonicplates板块leadstovolcanicandseismic5saIzmIk地震activity.(新西兰是南太平洋，位于赤道和南极。这是位于内的火环，环绕在构造板块的运动导致的火山和地震活动的太平洋地区),Ithastwomainislands:NorthIslandandSouthIsland.MtCook(库克山):thehighestpeak,3,754metershigh;LakeTaupo(陶波湖):thelargestlake,covering606sqkm;itis40kmlongand27kmwide.Inthesurroundingareaarenumerousgeysersandhotsprings.TheClutha(该克卢撒):thelargestriver,336kmlongintheSouthIsland.,Large,longgroupofislandsfromNorthtoSouthTwomainlandmasses（陆地）:NorthIslandSouthIslandSeparatedbytheCookStrait（库克海峡）ThirdlargestIslandisStewartIslandSouthofSouthIslandCapital:Wellington(惠灵顿）LargestCity:Auckland（奥克兰）,TheLand,NorthIslandVolcanoes(火山）MountainsSouthIslandMountainchainsLakes,rivers,inlets（入口）Cool,rainy,forested,Climate,TheclimateofNewZealandisgenerallytemperate,butbecausethecountryrunsnorthsouth,theclimateisvaried.,Newzealandsclimateisdominatedbytwomaingeographicalfeatures-theseaandthemountains.SincethesmalllandmassofNewZealandissurroundedbyalargeexpanseofocean,theclimateofNewZealandistemperateoceanic,whichmeansthattheseasonalvariationsinNewZealandaremuchslighterthanincontinentalcountries.,Majorcities,wellington（惠灵顿）isthecaptialofnewzealand.locatedatthesoutherntipofthenorthisland,itistheworldsmostsoutherncaptial.intermsofpopulation,itisnewzealandssecondlargestcity.Auckland(奥克兰）,locatedinthenorthernpartofthenorthislandAuckland,locatedinthenorthernpartofthenorthisland,isthelargestcityinnewzealand.ithasabout1.5millioninhabitants,one-thirdofthecountrysentirepopulation.inthemaorilanguage,aucklandmeansthecityof100lovers.itearnedthisnamebecauseitwasaplacedesiredbyallandconqueredbymany.,History,DiscoveryOfNewZealandNewZealandasaColony(作为一个殖民地)NewZealandasaDominion(新西兰为自治领)NewZealandasaRealm(新西兰成为王国）,Discovery,Thefirstinhabitants（第一批居民）,Polynesian（波利尼西亚）people,ancestorsoftheMaoris（毛利人）betweenaround700and2000yearsagocooperate,compete,fightwitheachotherdevelopedtheirdistinctMorioriculture（不同的毛利人文化.）,TheDutchexplorer,AbelTasmanThefirstEuropean（阿贝尔塔斯曼）,duringhisvoyageof1642-43Withoutsettingfootashore（上岸）crew（船员）killed.,NewzealandasaColony,Colony(18401907),Thefirstsignificantvoyage（航行）ofdiscoverywasundertakenbyJamesCook,whobeganextensiveexploratonoftheislandsin1769.ItwasCook（库克）whoprovedthatNewZealandconsistedoftwoislands.Cooksvoyageeventuallyledtotheeuropeancolonizationofit.AnincreasingnumberofsettlerscametoNewZealandeithertotradeortobuylandforfarming（越来越多的定居者来到新西兰的任何贸易或买地耕作）.,ThecaptainCook,NewZealandbecameaBritishcolony:signingoftheTreatyofWaitangi（签署怀唐伊条约）,In1840,BritishrepresentativesoftheBritishCrownandchiefsofthenativeMaorissignedtheTreatyofWaitangi.（1840，土著毛利人和英国代表英国王室的首领签署条约）,Contentsofthetreaty:（条约的内容）,TheimpactofthetreatyonNewZealandnow:（条约在新西兰现在的影响）,NewZealandasaDominion,Fromacolonytoadominion:,In1907,NewZealandchangedfromaBritishcolonytoaseparatedominion,equalinstatustoAustraliaandCanada.,SixstagesofNewZealandasaDominion,In1907,fromaBritishcolonytoaseparatedominion(1907年,从英国殖民地独立的统治)DuringWorldWar,NewZealandenthusiasticallybackedBritainandsufferedlargecasualties.(第一次世界大战期间、新西兰热情地支持英国,遭受了巨大的人员伤亡)Inthelate1920s,encounteredeconomyproblemsandtookmeasurestosolvethem.(在1920年代末,遇到经济问题和采取措施解决这些问题。)InworldWaronceagainsufferedextraordinarycasualties.(在世界大战再次遭受了非同寻常的伤亡。),AfterworldWar,NewZealandenteredintoaperiodofsustained(持续的)economygrowth,anditstrengtheneditsrelationship(关系)withtheUnitedStates.In1947,NewZealandwastotalindependencefromBritain.In1983,theterm“dominion”wasreplacedwith“realm”.,NewZealandsignedtheANZUSTreaty（TheAustralia,NewZealand,UnitedStatesSecurityTreaty澳新美公约)withtheUnitedStatesandAustralia.,In1951,NewZealandasaRealm,NuclearPolicyandDavidRussellLange,FamousPrimeMinister,Government,IndependentStateConstitutionalmonarchywithaparliamentarydemocracy(君主立宪制和议会民主制)Nowrittenconstitution,buttheConstitutionAct(宪法法案)of1986definesthestructureofthegovernment.ThreebranchesofgovernmentLegislative(parliament)(立法(国会)Executive(departmentsandagencies)(主管(部门和机构)Judicial(courts)HeadofState:QueenElizabethII(女王伊丽莎白二世),representedbyaGovernor-GeneralRoleismainlyceremonial,realpoliticalpowerisheldbythePrimeMinisterwhoisheadofthegovernment(作用主要是礼仪,真正的政治权力是由总理举行的政府),TheLegislature,Parliament(议会)developedfromtheBritishparliamentarysystem(英国议会制度称)knownastheWestminstersystem(威斯敏斯特体系)ofgovernment,andisthelaw-makingbodyoftheNewZealandgovernment.ConsistsofSovereign(君主)andHouseofRepresentatives(众议院),Theexecutive,-ThebranchoftheNewZealandgovernmentismadeoftheCabinet,thePrimeMinisterandthepublicsector.(新西兰政府的分支是由内阁,首相和公共部门)-TheGovernorGeneralisappointedbytheSovereignonthePrimeMinistersrecommendationforatermoffiveyears.(总督任命的主权在总理的推荐词的五年),Thejudiciary,TheJudiciaryappliesthelawbyhearinganddecidingcases.ItismadeupofjudgesandjudicialofficersThejudiciary(courtsystem)isindependentofthegovernment,People,Asmentionedearlier,NewZealandisamulti-ethniccountry,includingthePacificpeople(from)thePacific,Asia,theMiddleEast,LatinAmerica,Europe,andthelocalMaori.NewZealandpeoplewarmandfriendly,mostpeoplepreferoutdooractivities.(如前所述，新西兰是一个多种族国家，其中包括太平洋人（来自太平洋地区），亚洲、中东、拉美、欧洲人、以及当地的毛利人。新西兰人热情友好，大部分人喜爱户外运动),Maori,Indigenouspeople14.6%ofthepopulationin2006MostlivenowinurbanareasKinshipandtribalrolestillveryimportant,EcologyandEconomy,Nolandmammals(哺乳动物)until1,000yearsagoLotsofflightless(不会飞的)birdsKiwibird(奇异鸟)Livestock(牲畜)importanttoeconomy.SheepAgriculturealsoimportantKiwi-fruitForestry(林业),Fishing,Geoenergy(地表热能)Lessthan4millionconsumers,soeconomydependentonexportsServiceprovider,consulting,Languages,BothEnglishandMaoriareofficiallanguagesofNewZealand.Inapril2006NewZealandbecomethefirstcountrytodeclaresignlanguageasanofficiallanguage,alongsideEnglishandMaori.(英语和毛利语是新西兰的官方语言。在四月2006新西兰成为第一个宣布手语作为官方语言的国家，除了英语和毛利。)MaoriisonlyusedinNewZealandandnowhereelseintheworld.despiteitsofficialstatus,thelanguagecontinuestostruggleforlife.ItisonlyrecentlythattheMaorilanguagehasgatheredwidespreadsupport.（毛利仅用于在新西兰和世界官方地位没有别的语言，继续奋斗的生活。直到最近，毛利人的语言已聚集了广泛的支持）,Education,EducationinNewZealandEducationisfreelyavailabletoeveryone.Nearlyallschoolsarerunbythestae.Allthesepublicschoolaresecular(长期的)(noreligionistaught)andfreeNewZealandoffersawiderangeofearlychildhoodagencies,namelykindergratens,playcenters,preschools,etc.(新西兰提供了一个广泛的幼教机构，即kindergratens，活动中心，幼儿园，等。)SchoolinginNewZealandiscompulsoryforallchildrenagrd6to16.Mostchildrenstartatage5.NewZealandsecondaryeducationcoversYears9to13.Mostsecondarschoolsaregovernment-established.TertiaryeducationinstitutionsinNewZealandincludeuniversitiesoftechnologyandpolytechnics,colleges,Maoritertiaryeducationalinstitutionsandvarioustrainingestablishments(新西兰的高等教育机构包括科技大学和理工学院，学院，毛利高校和各种培训机构)NewZealandisinternationallyrecognizedasaproviderofqualifiedtercher.(新西兰是国际公认的提供合格的老师),THANKYOU,
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