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Module 8 Time off词汇精讲1. hardlyhardhardly是一个表示否定概念的副词，是由hard(adv. & adj. 困难的，努力)+-ly（副词后缀）演变而来。hard又可以作副词“努力”，如study hard, work hard。The problem is too hard, I cant work it out. 这个问题太难了，我算不出来。hardly是具有否定意味的词，它不能再与其它否定词一起连用，在由它构成的反意疑问句中，尾句的疑问式须用肯定式。Hardly anybody (Almost nobody) came to the meeting. 几乎没有人来开会。 He can hardly speak English, can he? 他不太会说英语，对吧？I could hardly hear the speaker.我几乎听不到演说者的声音。Its raining hard. We can hardly see the sign on the road.雨下得很大。我们几乎看不到路面的标志。2. waste （1）waste 作不可数名词，意为“浪费，废物，垃圾”。a waste of意为“浪费”。例如： I hate waste. 我讨厌浪费。 Its a waste of time. 这就是浪费时间。 （2）waste 作形容词，意为“无用的，浪费的，荒废的”。例如： We shouldnt throw waste paper about. 我们不应该乱扔废纸。 A factory is pouring waste water into the river. 一家工厂正在向河里倾倒废水。 （3）waste 作及物动词，意为“浪费”。 Dont waste water! 不要浪费水。 3. human human意为“人；人类”，指有别于动物及其他生物的“人”，其复数为humans。例如： Dogs can hear much better than humans. 狗的听觉比人的灵敏得多。【拓展】其他表示“人”的词：person与people （1）person指个体的“人”，一般用于表示具体数目的人，可以有单数和复数形式。例如： Who is that person? 那个人是谁？ Six persons were injured in the car accident. 6个人在这次车祸中受伤了。 （2）people意为“人，人们”，表示复数含义，加定冠词the时，指“人民”；表示“民族”时有复数形式。例如： The Chinese is a hard-working people. 中华民族是一个勤劳的民族。 People dont like to be told that they are wrong. 人们都不喜欢别人说自己是不对的。4. wake wake 动词，意为“醒, 唤醒”, 常用于词组wake up 和wakeup中。具体用法如下： （1）wake up 意为“醒来”，是不及物动词词组，其后不能接表示人的名词或者代词。例如：The students usually wake up early. 学生们通常醒的很早。 （2）wake sb. up 意为“把某人叫醒”，是指一方把另一方叫醒或者吵醒，wake和up之间加表示人的名词或者代词。例如：Dont wake your father up. Hes too tired. 不要把你父亲吵醒。他太累了。5. somebody somebody不定代词=someone，“某人；有人”，somebody比someone要通俗，多用于口语之中，在句中可以作主语或宾语，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：Someone has been here.有人来过这儿。 Somebody has lost his car keys. 有人把汽车钥匙丢了。 Theres somebody at the door.门口有个人。 Somebody from your office phoned.你的办公室有人来过电话。【拓展】 常用的复合不定代词有：somebody; someone; something; anybody; anyone; anything; nobody; nothing; everyone; everybody; everything等。不定代词有两种用法：一是作主语时，相当于单数第三人称；一是被形容词修饰，形容词常作后置定语。例如：Everything is ready. 一切就绪。Everyone is here. 人人都在这里。Ill buy you something new. 我要给你买些新东西。6. path path 可数名词，意为“小路，小径”。例如： Mr. Li is taking a walk along a path in the park. 李老师在公园里沿着一条小路散步。 【拓展】其他表示“路”的词的用法 street, roadavenuestreet多指两侧有商店等建筑物的城市街道，用于地址时可缩写为St.。road只可以行使车辆宽阔而平坦的城市道路或乡村道路，用于地址时可以缩写为Rd.。avenue所指的街道比street稍宽，常指林荫大道，用于地址时可缩写为Ave.。7. at the top of at the top of 意为“在的顶端”。例如： Children are planting trees at the top of hill. 孩子们在山顶上植树。 Dont shout at the top of your voice. 不要高声叫喊。 【拓展】on the top of 意为“在上”。例如： There is a bird on the top of the house. 房顶上有一只鸟。8. point out point out意为“指出”，是“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作宾语时应放在动词之后、副词之前。例如：There is a mistake in this sentence. Can you point it out?这个句子有一处错误，你能把它指出来吗？He pointed out the woman from these photos.他从这些照片中指出了那个女子。【拓展】（1）point作不及物动词，意为“指；指向”，常与介词at，to，towards等连用，表示“指向某位置或方向”。例如：She pointed at me, laughing.她指着我笑。（2）point作可数名词，意为“点；要点”。例如：Lets discuss the difficult points in the passage.让我们讨论一下文中的难点。词汇精练 .英汉互译。 1. 指出_ 2. at the top of _ 3. a waste of time _ 4.wake sb. up _ 5. 占据（时间或空间）_ 6. be famous for_ 7. time off _ 8. 看起来像_ 9. notany more_ 10. 最后_. 根据首字母提示补全单词。 1. We are spending some time o _in Los Angeles. 2. The t _is very busy in the morning, so wed better drive slower. 3. I have p_ you more than three times. 4. Standing on the top of the mountain, we can see the w _city clearly. 5. There are less and less p _in the nature because of the environmental pollution.6. Dont push; you should p_ the door if you want to open it.7. This is the only p_ if you want to get to the top of the hill.8. I am t_; I want to drink some water.9. The accident was caused by h_ error.10. She can h_ speak French because she didnt study it. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1. Lets _ (walk) along the river. 2. Why not _ (say) goodbye? 3. I saw some boys _ (play) in the playground just now. 4. Its fantastic _ (see) the city from the top. 5. They dont allow people _ (swim) in the lake. 6. I remember _ (turn off) the light in my bedroom. But I dont know why it is on again. 7. We should speak to the old man _ (polite). 8The elderly always _(wake) up early in the morning 9. Its hard work_ ( print) everything on time. 10. The _ (leaf) turn green in spring.IV. 选词填空。 1. Walk around the lake and go_(cross, across) the bridge, youll find Bai Ta. 2. I was told to look after_(me, myself) last weekend.3. Wu Guangzong_(discovered, found) the Wulingyuan Scenic Area. No one knew about it before.4. Wulingyuan Scenic Area is famous_(as, for) the strange shape of its tall rocks.5_ (Somebody, Nobody) knows his new number. It seems to be a secret.参考答案.英汉互译。 1. point out 2. 在顶端 3. 浪费时间 4. 唤醒某人 5. take up 6. 因著名 7. 休假 8. look like 9. 不再 10. in the end / at last. 根据首字母提示补全单词。1. off 2. traffic 3. phoned 4. whole 5. plants6. pull 7. path 8. thirsty 9. human 10. hardly. 用括号中单词的正确形式填空。 1. walk 2. say 3. playing 4. to see 5. to swim6. turning off 7. politely 8wake 9. to print 10. leaves. 选词填空。 1. across 2. myself 3. discovered 4. for 5. Nobody句式精讲1. Welcome to Beihai Park.welcome 作动词时，意为“欢迎”，后可直接跟表示人的名词，接地点时要加介词to。例如：Welcome to China. 欢迎到中国来！ Welcome to our school! 欢迎到我们学校来！【注意】（1）在地点副词的前面不加to例如：Welcome home! 欢迎回家！（2）You are welcome.意为“不用谢。” 例如： Thank you for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。 Youre welcome. 不用谢。2. I didnt think they allow people to swim in the lake.allow作动词，意为“允许”。后可接双宾语。常用于以下结构：allow sb. sth. 意为“给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)；让某人有(拥用或带有)某物”。例如：The court allowed a sum of money to each child for clothing.法院判给每个孩子一笔服装费。【拓展】（1）allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”；allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。例如：Do they allow smoking in the cinemas? 他们允许在电影院里抽烟吗?Allow me to introduce you to our headmaster. 请允许我介绍你见见我们的校长。（2）allow sth.意为“允许某事的发生”。例如：I cant allow such a thing. 我不允许发生这样的事。（3）allow sb. sth. 意为“给予某人某物(尤指钱或时间)；让某人有(拥用或带有)某物”。例如：He allows his son too much money. 他给他儿子的钱太多。 Well allow you time to answer. 我们将给你回答的时间。3. I promise to writepromise在此处作动词，意为“允诺，答应”。常用下列结构：（1）promise to do sth. 例如： He promised to help us. 他答应帮助我。（2）promise sb. sth.promise sth. to sb. 例如： I cant give you the book, Ive promised it to Suan. 我不能给你这本书，我已答应把它给苏珊了。（3）promisethat从句 例如： He promised me that he would be here at six. 他答应我他将在六点在这儿等我。 【拓展】promise为可数名词，意为“承诺，诺言”。例如： Give me your promise that youll never be late again. 答应我你绝不再迟到。 promise常用的词组有： give/make a promise 许下诺言 keep a promise 信守诺言 carry out a promise 履行诺言 break a promise 违背诺言4. Wish you were here! wish 此处为及物动词，意为“希望”，后跟宾语从句，用了虚拟语气，表示与现在的情况相反的愿望。此时，宾语从句中谓语动词用过去式，be动词则用were。例如： I wish I were you. 我希望我是你。 【拓展】辨析wishhope（1）表示“想；希望”，两者宾语可为to do，不能用doing。例如：I hope/wish to visit Guilin. 我希望去桂林观光。 （2）wish后可以跟复合宾语，即wish sb. to do sth.，而hope不能。例如： I wish you to go. (正) 我希望你去。 I hope you to go. (误) 我希望你去。（3）两者都可接that从句，但是“hope + that从句”表示希望，“wish + that从句”表示愿望，且从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。例如：I hope youll be better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。I wish I were really wealthy. 但愿我真的富有。（4）wish后可接双宾语。hope没有这种用法。例如：We wish you a happy New Year! 我们祝你新年快乐！5. Walkers have to be careful because the weather can change suddenly. be careful 意为“小心”。例如： You should be careful; the ground is wet. 你应该小心，地面很湿。 【拓展】be careful 的其他用法： （1）be careful 表“当心”时可以单独使用，目的是为了引起他人的注意。例如： Be careful! Its dangerous outside. 当心，外边危险。 （2）be careful of / about sth. 意为“小心某物”。例如： We must be careful of the snakes. 我们必须小心蛇。 （3）be careful to do sth. 意为“小心地做某事”。例如： He was careful to keep out of sight. 他小心地避开别人的视线。句式精练. 句型转换。 1. My mother seems to be a very kind woman. (改为同义句) _ _ _ my mother is a very kind woman.2. I think he can do it better. (改为否定句) I _ _ he _ do it better.3. Lets do homework first. (改为否定句) _ _ do homework first.4. We had a wonderful time in Beijing. （改为同义句） We _ _ in Beijing.5. The mountain was about 480 square kilometers. (对划线部分提问) _ _ was the mountain?6. To pull leaves off plants was wrong. (用it作形式主语改写句子) _ _ wrong to pull leaves off plants.7. “The moon moves round the earth. ” my grandfather said to me. （改为宾语从句） _8. Lucy left the village, but she didnt say goodbye to us. (改为同义句)Lucy left the village _ _ goodbye to us. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 弹钢琴占据了他太多的时间。 Playing the piano _ _ him too much time. 2. 你能指出句中的错误吗？ Can you _ _the mistakes in the sentence?3. 妈妈每天早上七点叫醒我。 My mother _ _ _ at seven oclock in the morning.4. 欢迎你们来北京！我会带领你们参观一下我们的城市。 _ _ Beijing! I will _ you _ our city.5. 我希望我能再一次见到你。 I _ I can _ _ again.6. 我几乎不能相信我们在市中心。 I _ _ believe were in the _ _.7. 他们允许在电影院里抽烟吗? Do they_ _ in the cinemas?8. 他答应经常给我写信。He _ _ _ to me regularly.9. 你弄清楚他为什么迟到了吗？ Have you _ _ why he was late?10. 当心，外面雨下的很大。 _ _! Its raining heavily outside. 补全对话。阅读下面对话，从方框内7个选项中选择5个恰当的句子完成此对话，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。A. I plan to go to Africa next summer.B. Will you travel somewhere interesting?C. Where do you come from?D. Is Chinese very difficult?E. Im OK.F. Traveling is very expensive.G. No problem.A: Hello, Bob! How is it going? B: Hello, Kate! 1 And you? A: Very well. Whats your plan for the summer? B: I had a Chinese course last year, and Id like to go on with it his summer. A: How was the course? 2 B: Yes. It seemed that way at first. But after a while it became easier. A: You were the best in the class, right? B: I did get an A. Well, could you tell me your summer plan? 3 A: No, not this summer. 4 B: That must be very interesting. Can I go with you? A: 5 Oh, there comes the bus! Good-bye! B: Bye-bye!参考答案. 句型转换。 1. It seems that 2. dont think, can 3. Lets not 4. enjoyed ourselves5. How large 6. It was 7. My grandfather said that the moon moves round the earth.8. without saying. 根据句意完成下列句子，每空一词。1. takes up 2. point out 3. wakes me up 4. Welcome to, show, around5. hope, see you 6. can hardly, city centre 7. allow smoking8. promised to write 9. found out 10. Be careful. 补全对话。 1. E 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. G
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