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UnitElevenInsurance,Whatisthepurposeofinsurance?,houseagainstfire.Youcaninsureyourcaragainstaccident/theft.noseagainstharm.lifeinsurance.人寿险healthinsurance.Youcaneffectaendowmentinsurance.养老保险accidentinsurance.burglaryandrobberyinsurance.cargo,关系？风险：risks,perilstotalloss损失：lossesparticularaveragepartialloss(单独海损）generalaverage（共同海损）险别：risks,perils,coverages保险公司按照不同险别包括的风险所造成的损失和发生的费用承担赔偿责任，所以在保险业务中风险、损失和险别三者有着紧密的联系，为此，我们对保险公司所能承保的风险与损失的种类和内容必须有准确的理解。,RisksinCargoTransportation,Risksincargotransportationareofmanykinds.DifferentrisksmeandifferentlossesAnddifferentrisksarecoveredbydifferentinsuranceclausesanddifferentinsuranceclausesmeandifferentpremiums保险费.Soweneedtohaveagoodunderstandingofthedifferentrisksandlossesbeforeweknowhowtoeffectinsurance.Inmarinecargotransportationinsurance,risksfallintoperilsofthesea海难andextraneousrisks外来风险.,PerilsinOceanTransportation,1.PerilsoftheSea海难/海上风险Naturalcalamities海上发生的自然灾害Fortuitousaccidents意外事故2.Extraneousrisks外来风险GeneralextraneousrisksSpecialextraneousrisks,Part1.PerilsinOceanTransportation,kindsofperils风险种类Inmarineinsurance,perilsaregenerallyoftwokinds.1.Perilsofthesea海上风险（又称海难）（1）Naturalcalamities海上发生的自然灾害Naturalcalamitiescovervileweather(恶劣气候)，thunderandlightening(雷电)，tsunami(海啸，tidalwaves),earthquake,floodsandotherirresistibledisasters.（不可抗拒的灾害）,Part1.PerilsinOceanTransportation,（2）Fortuitousaccidents意外事故Fortuitousaccidentsmainlyincludeshipstranded(搁浅),strikingarock,shipsinking(沉没),shipcollision(互撞),collidingwithicebergsorotherobjects,fire,explosionandshipmissingandotheraccidentswithseacharacteristics.,Part1.PerilsinOceanTransportation,2.Extraneousrisks外来风险Extraneousrisksrefertorisksoutsideperilsofthesea.常见（1）Generalextraneousrisks一般外来风险Generalextraneousrisksincludetheft,breakage,leakage,contamination,sweatandheating(受潮受热),taintofodor(串味),hookdamage(钩损),shortage(短量)andrust(锈损),Part1.PerilsinOceanTransportation,（2）Specialextraneousrisks特殊外来风险Specialextraneousrisksrefertorisksresultingfrommilitaryaffairs,politicalandadministrativerulessuchaswar,strikes,failuretodeliver(交货不到),rejection(拒绝收货),Part2.LossesinOceanTransportation,Oceanaverage海损Whenusedforinsurance,thewordaveragehasnottheusualmeaning.Averagemeanslosssustainedinseatransportation.Accordingtotheextentoftheloss,itisdividedintototallossandpartialloss.（1）Totalloss全损Totallossmeansallthegoodsinsuredsufferedloss.,Part2.LossesinOceanTransportation,（2）Partialloss部分损失Apartiallossisanylossotherthanatotalloss.Apartiallossmayincludeaparticularaverageloss(单独海损),ageneralaverageloss(共同海损)andparticularcharges(特殊收费).Thustherearetwodistincttypesofpartialloss.（）Particularaverageloss后讲Itistheaccidental意外的damagetopartofthecargo.Theaverage(damage)isnotcausedbydeliberateactofapersonforthecommonbenefitandthatlossmustbeborneexclusivelybytheownerofthepropertysufferingthelossandistermedaparticularaverage.单独海损是指被保险货物遭受海损后，其损失未达到全损程度，而且是无共同海损性质的部分损失，应由受损方单独承担。,Part2.LossesinOceanTransportation,（）Generalaverageloss共同海损Alossmaybeaccidental意外的orintentional人为的.Ageneralaveragelossiscausedintentionally,andsuchalossisbeneficialtoothers,thenthosewhohavebenefitedshouldsharethatloss.Thusageneralaveragelossisalossresultingfromavoluntarysacrificeorexpenditureintimeofperil,forthesafetyofhull,cargoandfreight.（共同海损是指在发生危险时，为了船舶、货物和运输的安全作出自愿牺牲或为此付出费用所引起的损失。）共同海损是指载货船舶在海运途中遇到危及船货的共同危险，船方为了维护船舶和所有货物的共同安全或使航程继续完成，有意识地并合理地作出某些特殊牺牲或支付一定的特殊费用，这些特殊牺牲和费用叫做共同海损。,Part3.OceanMarineCargoClausesofChinaInsuranceClauses(CIC)海洋运输货物保险条款（中国保险条款）,OceanMarineCargoClausesofthePeoplesInsuranceCompanyofChinawasconstitutedin1972andrevisedin1976and1981.Therearemainlytwotypesofinsurancecoverage:basiccoverage(基本险)andadditionalcoverage(附加险)。BasiccoveragemainlyincludesFPA(平安险),WPA(水渍险)andAllRisks.Additionalcoverageincludesgeneraladditionalcoverageandspecialadditionalcoverage.,Part3.OceanMarineCargoClausesofChinaInsuranceClauses(CIC),Basicmarineinsurancecoverage1.FPA(freefromparticularaverage)平安险FPAisalimitedformofcargoinsurancecoverunderwhichpartiallossordamageresultedfromnaturalcalamitiesisnotrecoverable,unlessthesenaturalcalamitiesoccurbeforeorafterfortuitousaccidents.意外事故Itprovidescoveragefortotallossesandgeneralaverage.共同海损losses,Part3.OceanMarineCargoClausesofChinaInsuranceClauses(CIC),2.WPAorWA水渍险(withparticularaverage,withaverage)WPAisawidercoverthanFPA.Itprovidesextensivecoveragainstalllossordamageduetomarineperilsthroughoutthedurationofthepolicy,includingpartiallossordamagewhichmaybeattributedtonaturalcalamitieslikeheavyweather.,Part3.OceanMarineCargoClausesofChinaInsuranceClauses(CIC),3.AllRisksAllRisksisthemostcomprehensiveofthethreebasiccoveragesunderwhichtheinsurer承保人isresponsibleforalltotalorpartiallossof,ordamagetothegoodsinsuredeitherarisingfromseaperilsorgeneralexternalcauses.However,itdoesnotcoverloss,damageorexpensecausedbydelay,inherentvice缺陷ornatureofthegoods,orspecialexternalrisksofwar,strike,etc.,Part3.OceanMarineCargoClausesofChinaInsuranceClauses(CIC),Additionalrisks1.Generaladditionalrisks一般附加险GeneraladditionalriskscannotbecoveredindependentlyandshouldgowithFPAorWPA.TheyareincludedinAllRiskscoverage.Thefollowinggeneralextraneousrisksaretobecoveredsubjecttoadditionalpremium.包含？,Part3.OceanMarineCargoClausesofChinaInsuranceClauses(CIC),(1)T.P.N.D(Theft,Pilferage&Non-delivery)偷窃提货不着险(2)Freshand/orRainWaterDamageRisk(3)ShortageRisk短量险(4)Intermixture混杂&Contamination污损Risks(5)LeakageRisk渗漏险(6)Clash&BreakageRisks碰损破碎险(7)Taint感染ofOdorRisk串味险(8)Sweating&HeatingDamage受潮受热险(9)HookDamageRisk钩损险(10)RustRisk锈损险(11)BreakageofPackingRisk包装破裂险,Part3.OceanMarineCargoClausesofChinaInsuranceClauses(CIC),2.SpecialadditionalrisksSpecialadditionalriskscoverthedamageorlossesarisingfromspecialadditionalreasonssuchaspoliticalevents,militaryaffairs,nationalpoliciesandacts,andadministrativemeasures.Thespecialadditionalrisksinclude:,Part3.OceanMarineCargoClausesofChinaInsuranceClauses(CIC),(1)WarRisk(2)S.R.C.C(Strikes,Riots暴力,CivilCommotions民变)(3)OnDeckRisk仓面险(4)ImportDutyRisk进口关税险(5)RejectionRisk拒受险(6)Aflatoxinrisk黄曲霉险FailuretoDeliveryRisk交货不着险（8）Fireriskextensionclause(FREC)火险责任扩展条款forstorageofcargoatdestinationHongkong,includingKowloon九龙,orMacao.,Part3.OceanMarineCargoClausesofChinaInsuranceClauses(CIC),TheseadditionalcoveragesareusuallytakenouttogetherwithFPA,WPAandAllRisks.relations？,Part4.保险期限W/Wclause-warehousetowarehouseclause仓至仓条款,Justastheusualpracticeininternationalinsurancemarket,withregardtothedurationofliabilityoftheinsurer保险公司的责任起讫期限inoceanmarinecargoinsurance海洋运输货物保险条款,CIC中国保险条款adoptswarehousetowarehouseclause(W/Wclause),whichmeansinsurancecoverageofriskstoashipmentofgoods对运输货物风险的承保生效fromthetimethegoodsleavethewarehouseforcommencementoftransit即保险责任自被保险货物远离起运地仓库andcontinueduringordinarycourseoftransituntildeliveredtofinalwarehouseatdestination自至该货到达保险单所载明的收货人的最后仓库,oruntiltheexpirationof60daysasofthemomentoftheinsuredgoodsareunloaded或被保险货物卸载后满60天为止(iftheshipmentfailstoreachtheaforesaidwarehouse),butwithexceptionthatthegoodsbetransportedtootherplaceofdestinationnotindicatedontheinsurancedocuments.（如未运抵上述仓库或储存处所）则以被保险货物运抵最后缷载的车站满60天为止。,TheinsurerisliabletocoverthetransportationofgoodsfromthewarehouseofthesellertothewarehouseoftheoverseasbuyerundertheW/Wclause.,Part5.Whatisacontractofinsurance?,Itisgenerallymadeintheformofaninsurancepolicy.Acontractofinsuranceisacontractbetweenapartywhoagreestoaccepttherisk(theinsurer)andapartyseekingprotectionfromtherisk(theinsured).Inreturnforpaymentofapremium,theinsureragreestopaytheinsuredastatedsum(oraproportionofit)shouldtheeventinsuredagainstoccur.Itisacontractofindemnity,acontracttorestoretosomeone,eitherthefullamountofthelossthatmaybeincurred,oraspecifiedpercentageoftheamountoftheloss.,准备知识,保险金insurancemoney保险金额insuranceamount/insuredvalue/insurancevalue保险费premium保险费率premium/insurancerate,Part6.Whatisthepremium?,Whatisthepremium?,Premiumisthenamegiventothesumofmoneypaidbytheinsured.保险费是投保人所付的钱。Howisthepremiumquoted?Itisquotedasapercentageofthesuminsured.保险费是按投保金额的百分之几计算的（invoicevalue110%=投保金额）（投保金额*险别投保率=premium）,我们已为该货物向保险公司投保平安险和战争险，保险率0.5%，投保额为45,000美元。Wehaveinsured/coveredthegoodsFPAandagainstWarRiskattherateof0.5%forthesumofU.S.$45,000withtheinsurancecompany.我们已按发票金额的110%投保水渍险及战争险。（10%是保险加成，一般表示预期收益等，就是客户本来买货可以得到的收益，但是货损失了，收益也没有了，这个也要保险公司赔的。）WehaveinsuredW.P.AandagainstWarRiskat110%oftheinvoicevalue.,根据你方要求，我们已对台布按发票金额的110%向中国人民保险公司投保一切险。Incompliancewithyourrequest,wehavecoveredinsuranceontableclothsagainstAllRisksfor110%oftheinvoicevaluewiththePICC.我们愿代你方投保。Wewillarrange/effectinsuranceonyourbehalf.投保effect/arrange/takeout/provide/coverinsurance,Insure和insurance的用法1Insure/coversb/sthagainst+险别for+保险金额with+保险公司+attherateof-%From-to-/asfaras-2Insuresbagainst+险别onsth=insureagainst+险别onsthforsb2insure/cover(against)+险别3cover/effectinsuranceon/forsth,Cover：覆盖，包括，涉及，采访报道Coverage：新闻报道；覆盖的范围和程度Insurancecoverage保险范围；保险金额；保险险种（常用）P207,
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