英语状语从句simpleppt.ppt

状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词、或者整个句子，说明动词或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。,状语,Shestudiesdiligently.副词作状HelivedinShanghai.介词短语作状Shecamespeciallytoseeyou.不定式作状Notknowingwhatdodo,hewenttotheteacherforhelp.分词作状Whereveryougo,youshouldlearnfromothers.从句作状,状语从句adverbialclause,状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。,TheAdverbialClauseofTime1.when,while,as,whenever2.after,before,till/until,notuntil3.since4.assoonas=themoment=theinstant=theminute=immediately=directlynosoonerthan=hardly(scarely)when5.everytime=eachtime6.bythetime7.thefirsttime,1.时间状语从句1）as,when引导短暂性动作的动词。例如：Whenhereachedhome,hehadalittlerest.Shebrokeaglassasshestoodup.Justas/Justwhen/WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.我一刹车，有一个人向我走来。,Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.赶完活后，你可以休息一下。2）as表示“一边一边”Hesangashewentalong.as也可表示满意“随着”Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.,Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。3.While表示在的时侯（期间）PleasewritewhileIread.,whileaswhen1.Tomwasabouttogotobed_thetelephonerang.2._thedaywentby,theweathergotworse.3.Twothievesbrokeinandstoleherhandbag_shewasasleep.,when,As,while/when,（andjustatthatmoment),Errorcorrection:Eachtimewhenhecametotown,hewouldvisitme.IwillletyouknowthenewsassoonasIwillgetittomorrow.,1.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchardthemomenttheysawtheguard.2.IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.3.Theytoldmethenewsimmediatelytheygotthemessage.,4.NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbegantorain.5.HardlyhadIenteredtheroomwhenIheardaloudnoise.6.Ihadscarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.,2.地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由where,wherever引导。例如：WhereIlive,thereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方有很多树。WhereverIam,Iwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。,Youshouldputthebook_youtookittwodaysago.Youshouldputthebookintheplace_youtookittwodaysago.,where/inwhich,where,3.目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由sothat,inorderthat,lest(惟恐),forfearthat,incase,(万一,以防)inthehopethat,forthepurposethat等词引导。例如：Youmustspeakloudersothat/inorderthatyoucanbeheardbyall.你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。,Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat（lest）heshouldforgetit.他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记。Bettertakemoreclothesincasetheweatheriscold.最好多穿点衣服，以防天发冷。,4.结果状语从句结果状语从句常由sothat或suchthatsothat,tothedegreethat,totheextentthat,等引导例如:,Theboyissoyoungthathecantgotoschool.这男孩年龄太小，不能上学。Heissuchayoungboythathecantgotoschool,注意sothat引导状语从句，后有can为目的，后无can为结果Weputupourhandssothattheteachercouldnoticeus.(目的)SamdidntsayhellotoSarahthismorning,sothatshefeltsortofupset.(结果),Tomtookataxisothathecouldgetthereontime.Tomtookataxisothathegotthereontime.,5.条件状语从句连接词主要有if,unless/ifnot,as/solongas,as/sofaras,provided(that)=providing(that)=supposingthat,onconditionthat,once,等。unless=ifnot.例如：如果不太累，我们去散散步。,1.Ifyouarenottootied,letsgooutforawalk.=Letsgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.2.Taketheumbrellaincaseitrains.3.Youcanborrowthebooksolongasyoureturnitontime.,典型例题Youwillbelate_youleaveimmediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or答案A。句意：除非你立即走，否则你就回迟到的。可转化为Ifyoudontleaveimmediately,youwillbelate。B、D句意不对，or表转折，句子应为Youleaveimmediatelyoryouwillbelate.,6.方式状语从句方式状语从句通常由as,（just）asso,asif,asthough,inthewayas,like,引导。1）as,（just）asso引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在（just）asso结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体。例如：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby(theothers).你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。,Aswateristofish,soairis(isair)toman.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。Justaswesweepourrooms,soweshouldsweepbackwardideasfromourminds.正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。,2）asif,asthough两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的。例如：,Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif（asthough）theyneverexisted.他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。）,Helooksasif（asthough）hehadbeenhitbylightning.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与过去事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气）,Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。）说明：asif/asthough也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如：,Hestaredatmeasif(hewas)seeingmeforfirsttime.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasif(hewas)tosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。Thewavesdashedontherocksasif(theyare)inanger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。,Sheisbehavinginthewayashersisterusedto.Shecantcooklikehermotherdoes.,7.原因状语从句比较because,since,as和for：1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。例如：,我不去是因为我怕。Ididntgo,becauseIwasafraid.天气那么糟，旅行不得不推迟了。Since/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourjourney.AsheisaLeaguemember,heisreadytohelpothers.,2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如：,他今天缺席，因为他病了。Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.他一定病了，所以今天缺席。Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.,nowthat,seeingthat,（既然）consideringthat（考虑到）giventhat,thanksto,inthat,（因为）forthereasonthat等也可引导原因状语从句,8.让步状语从句1）though,although引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有but，但是though和yet,still可连用。例如：Althoughitsraining,theyarestillworkinginthefield.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。,虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。Heisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.=Althoughheisveryold,buthestillworksveryhard.（错误）=Thoughheisveryold,hestillworksveryhard.,2）as,though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。例如：Childas/thoughhewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.虽然是个小孩，该做什么不做什么，他全知道。Youngassheis,sheknowsalot.,3）evenif,eventhough即使。例如：Wellmakeatripeventhoughtheweatherisbad.即使天气不好，我们也要去远足。,4）whetherornot不管都。例如：Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.信不信由你，这确实是真的。,5）“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词+后缀ever”。例如：Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.不管发生什么，他不在意。,9.比较状语从句由从属连词asas,notso(as)as,than,the+比较级（从句）+比较级（主句）等引导。Hangzhouisnotso(as)largeasShanghai.ThemoreIcandofortheclass,thehappierIllbe.,HeisascleverasI.SheistallerthanMary.Themoreyoureadthehappieryouwillbe.HeisnotallerthanI=HeisasshortasI.,EXERCISES:,Youwillbelate_youleaveimmediately.A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.or_Isawthecomputer,Ishowedgreatinterestinit.A.AtfirstB.ForthefirsttimeC.UntilD.Thefirsttime,EXERCISES:,IoftenvisitedTianAnMenSquare_IwasstayinginBeijing.A.untilB.duringC.whileD.throughoutHealwaysthinksImwrong,_Imaysay.A.nomatterwhateverB.whateverC.whatD.that,EXERCISES:,Peopledontknowthevalueofhealth_theyloseit.A.tillB.beforeC.afterD.EitherAorBIhurried_Iwouldntbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless,EXERCISES:,_youcantanswerthequestion,Illasksomeoneelse.A.UnlessB.SinceC.WhileD.AlthoughHismemoryissogood_hisbrainwereanadvancedcomputer.A.asifB.thatC.evenifD.as,EXERCISES:,Ifyou_him,besuretoaskhimifhe_forAustralianextweek.A.willmeet;willsailB.willmeet;sailC.meet;sailD.meet;willsail_therainhasstopped,letscontinuetowork.A.ForB.NowthatC.ThatD.Because,