2019-2020年八年级英语下册Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.doc

2019-2020年八年级英语下册Unit 4 He said I was hard-workingTeaching goals：1. The usage of direct/indirect speech.2. Master the past tense.Difficult points：1.Direct Speech: the definitione.g. Mother told me, “You should finish your homework first, and then you can go out and play with your friends.”They said, “We want to have a rest.”Reported Speech/Indirect Speech:e.g. Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.They said they wanted to have a rest.2.当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况：1）现在时间推移到过去时间所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如：She said, “I am hungry.” She said (that) she was hungry.He said, “The family are fighting among themselves.” He said (that) the family were fighting among themselves.Tom said, “I have found whats wrong with the puter.” Tom said he had found what was wrong with the puter. 在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：a）当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：He said,“The wordlaseris an acronym（首字母缩略词）.” He said the wordlaseris an acronym.b）当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：“Im forty,” he said. He said he is forty.c）当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.” He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.He said, “You mustnt smoke in the room.” He said I mustnt smoke in the room.2）过去时间推移到过去的过去这里需要注意以下几点：a）强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。例如：He said, “I didnt know you.” He said he hadn t known me. 当“过去的过去” 已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如： Ann said, “She was born in 1981.” Ann said she was born in 1981.b）过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。例如：Robert said, “I was joking with Mary.” Robert said he had been joking with Mary. Robert said he was joking with Mary.c）过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。例如：He said, “We hadnt returned to the store when she came.” He said they hadn t returned to the store when she came.d）时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。例如：John said, “When I lived in London I often saw Jane.” John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane.John said when he lived in London he often saw Jane.3）将来时间推移到过去将来时间最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如：He said, “Were spending next weekend at home.” He said they were spending the next weekend at home.She said, “The milk will go off（变质）if you dont drink it today.” She said the milk would go off if I didnt drink it that day.They said, “Were going to Hawaii this summer vacation.” They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation. 但是，在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间，那么，可以不推移到过去将来时间。例如：He said, “Ill be waiting for you tomorrow.” He said he will be waiting for me tomorrow.4）人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语的变化由上面的例子可以看出，当直接引语变成间接引语时，除动词时态变化外，人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等通常也作相应的变化。a）人称代词，除引述本人原话外，通常第一、二人称变为第三人称，或者第二人称变为第一人称；限定词也作相应的变化。例如：He said, “We love our country.” He said they love their county.b）指示代词this，these分别变成that/it，those/they或them；指示限定词this，those通常变为that，those或the。例如：“This house is very expensive,” she said. She said that house was very expensive.The children came back with two wallets and said, “We picked these up on the pavement.” The children came back with two wallets and said they had picked them up on the pavement.c）时间状语在间接引语中的变化有三种情况：i）时间状语和动词时态两者都变。例如： He said, “It was pletes a year ago.” He said it had been pleted a year before.ii）时间状语不变，动词时态可变可不变。例如：She said, “We left Paris at 8 a.m.” She said they had left Paris at 8 a.m. She said they left Paris at 8 a.m. iii）时间状语变与不变需视具体情况而定，如果引述时间和说话时间（如同一年、同一月、同一天等），时间状语可不变。例如：Mr. Black said, “We started learning Chinese last month.” Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese last month. （同一月引述） Mr. Black said they had started learning Chinese the previous month. （可在同一月引述，也可不在同一月引述）时间状语在间接引语中的变化规则如下：直接引语 间接引语today that day this morning/afternoon, etc. that morning/afternoon, etc.yesterday the day before, the previous day(the) day before yesterday two days beforetomorrow the next day, the following day(the) day after tomorrow two days after, in two days timenext week/month, etc. the next week/month, etc.last week/month the week/month beforenow thend）地点状语here通常变为there；但若说话人所在地也就是引述人所在地，可仍用here，也可用具体地点代替here。例如：She said, “I first met your brother here.” She said she first met my brother there.“Are the children here?” Father asked. Father asked whether the children were here. 好了，让我们来检查一下这些知识点的掌握情况。请将下面的直接引语变成间接引语：1.The plumber said, “I cant fix the bathtub today because Im sick”_2.Grandma said, “Grandpa is feeling much better today.”_3.Mr. and Mrs. Davis said, “We wont be able to e to dinner this Saturday night.”_4.The landlord said, “I havent received this months rent yet.”_5. Cousin Sue said, “Im sorry I didnt have time to e over and visit last Saturday.”_6. Uncle Harry said, “Ill call back later.”_7.The neighbors across the street said, “We were robbed last night!”_8.Sally said, “Im at my friend Juliets house now.”_9.Mother said, “Your sister and brother-in-law are going to have a baby.”_10.Aunty said, “There was a big fire at the high school.”_请用第三人称转述下面三封电子邮件。1. Subject: Mothers DayIn Italy we celebrate the Mothers day on the 2nd Sunday of May, thats why students dont go to school and adults are not at work. Sons and daughters usually give their mother a little present like flowers, chocolates or a piece of costume jewelry. Elisabetta from Italy2.Subject: Fathers DayI believe Fathers Day occurs on the third Sunday of June. We use it to give our fathers a chance to rest and relax, and do things they enjoy, such as fishing, golf, etc. They need a break!Usually my family will buy Dad a card, take him to eat and play.From the United States by Melissa3. Subject: Christmas On the Christmas Eve we dance around the Christmas tree and Saint Nicolaus. In my family we eat Porridge in the evening and we have a Christmas tree in the living room. In the Christmas tree we have candles and other decorations like red golden balls and red hearts. From Sweden by Gresa参考答案：1. The plumber said he couldnt fix the bathtub that day because he was sick.2. Grandma said Grandpa was feeling much better that day.3. Mr. and Mrs. Davis said they wouldnt be able to e to dinner that Saturday night.4. The landlord said he hadnt received that months rent yet.5. Cousin Sue said she was sorry she hadnt had time to e over and visit the previous Saturday.6. Uncle Harry said he would call back later.7. The neighbor across the street said they had been robbed the night before.8. Sally said she was at her friend Juliets house then.9. Mother said my sister and brother-in-law were going to have a baby.10. Aunty said there had been a big fire at the high school.1. Elisabetta from Italy said in Italy they celebrated the Mother s Day on the 2nd Sunday of May, and that was why students didnt go to school and adults were not at work. She said sons and daughters usually gave their mother a little present like flowers, chocolates or a piece of costume jewelry. 2. Melissa from the United States said she believed Fathers Day occurred on the third Sunday of June. She said they used it to give their fathers a chance to rest and relax, and to do things they enjoy, such as fishing, golf, etc. She said they needed a rest. Melissa also said usually her family would buy her father a card, take him to eat and play. 3. Gresa from Sweden said on the Christmas Eve they danced around the Christmas tree and Saint Nicolaus. She said in her family they eat Porridge in the evening and they had a Christmas tree in the living room. She also said in the Christmas tree they had candles and other decorations like red golden balls and red hearts.学科：英语教学内容：He said I was hard-working.TitleHe said I was hard-working Topic Telling a storyFunctions Report what someone saidStructuresReported speechSimple past tenseCan for abilityTarget languageWhat did your math teacher say?He said I was hard-working.I can speak three languages.What did she say?She said she could speak three languages.Vocabularyhard-working, report card, can do better, speaking, listeningaverage, OKRecyclingsoap operas, party, surprise, house, drinks, snacks, lazy, beach, tomorrowmath, Spanish, history, scienceWhy, I can GoodFriday, SaturdayLearning StrategiesListening for key wordsSelf-evaluatingWords and Expressions:(n. 名词 adj. 形容词 adv. 副词 v. 动词 prep. 介词 )单词/短语词性词义讲解与例句reportv.报道；报告She reports directly to the board of directors. 她直接向董事会负责。surprisen.惊奇To my surprise, everyone passed the final exam.令我惊奇的是，每个人都通过了考试。madadj.十分恼火的be mad at对非常恼火She was mad with me for losing my keys.她为我丢了钥匙而生我的气。howeveradv.无论如何This book is expensive; however, its worth it. 这本书很贵，却很值。messagen.消息；信息Theres a message for you from your cousin.你表兄给你捎来个口信。responsen.回答；答复They make a quick response to my inquiry.他们对我的询问很快做了答复。supposev.假定；认为I suppose you are right. 我想你说得对。We are not supposed to play football on Sundays. 不准我们在星期天踢足球。hard-workingadj.努力工作的Everyone knows that he is hard-working. 每个人都知道他工作努力。averageadj.平常的；普通的He is a man of average ability.他是个能力一般的人。end-of-year examn.年终考试He did well in the end-of-year exam.他年终考试考得不错。report cardn.成绩报告单Have you got your report card?你拿到成绩报告单了吗？nervousadj.紧张的I felt very nervous when I went into his office. 走进他的办公室时，我感到很紧张。envelopen.信封Can you lend me an envelope?可以借我一个信封吗？luckilyadv.幸运地Luckily, the police came right now.很幸运，警察马上就来了。semestern.学期As a senior three student, he is very busy this semester. 上高三了，他这学期特别忙。luckyadj.幸运的Seven is my lucky number. 7是我的幸运数字。startv.使开始；引起It started raining. 开始下雨了。get overv.恢复；克服It took me a long time to get over my cold.我的感冒过了很久才好。Can we get over this difficulty?我们能克服这个困难吗？Words and Expressions from the Reading:单词/短语词性词义讲解与例句foreignadj.外国的Do you have foreign teachers in your school?你们学校有外教吗？Preferv.宁愿；较喜欢He prefers doing to talking. 他喜欢做而不喜欢说。Do you prefer coffee or tea?你喜欢咖啡还是茶？choosev.选择；挑选He chose not to go abroad until later.他决定晚点出过。Whom shall we choose for our school football team leader?我们该选谁当学校足球队长？impressiveadj.给人印象深刻的an impressive Olympic Games给人印象深刻的奥运会exoticadj.来自外国的It is an exotic word. 那是个外来词。contactn.接触；交往Please maintain a close contact. 请保持密切联系。municatev.联络；交流He seldom municates with others.他很少与人交流。changev.变化；改变You have changed a lot during these years.这些年你变了很多。presentn.现在；目前At present, he is on holiday.目前，他在度假。Sentences and Phrases (句型与词组)Grammar FocusDirect speechReported speechI am mad at Marcia.She said she was mad at Marcia.I am having a party for Lana.She said she was having a party for Lana.I go to the beach every Saturday.He said he went to the beach every Saturday.I will call you tomorrow.He told me he would call me tomorrow.I can speak three languages.She said she could speak three languages.本单元重点：直接引语和间接引语，需要注意的是：直接引语变间接引语时，人称和时态要发生变化，时态得和主句的时态保持一致。Sentences from the passage (重点句讲解)I asked her why she wanted to do that, and she said that she had forgotten to do hers.我问她为什么要那么做，她说她忘记做作业了。forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 (还没有做)forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (已经做过了)e.g. When you leave the classroom, dont forget to turn off the lights.离开教室时，别忘记关灯。I forgot meeting him before. 我不记得以前见过他了。类似的还有：remember to do sth. 记得做某事 (还没有做)remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 (已经做过了)e.g.“Remember to finish your homework on time, Li Ming”, his mother said.李明妈妈说，“记得按时完成作业。”I remember telling this story for several times. 我记得这个故事给你讲过好几次了。I said I didnt think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework.我说，抄我的作业并不是什么好事。注意的think 用法：如果think 引导的宾语从句，其从句表示否定意思时，不是否定从句，而是否定主句。e.g. 翻译下列句子：我认为给你父亲说这件事的时机还不成熟。I dont think it is the right time for you to tell your father about that.我认为他不是一个好演员。 I dont think he is a good actor.我认为你说的并不正确。 I dont think you are right.Yesterday she told me she was sorry she d gotten mad. 昨天她告诉我，她为自己当时生气而抱歉。Nowadays, many students prefer using English names in a language classroom.如今，许多学生喜欢在上语言课的时候用英文名字。prefer的用法： prefer v. 更喜欢；宁愿prefer sth. to sth. 喜欢胜过prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 喜欢而不喜欢prefer to do rather than do 宁愿而不愿e.g.Do you prefer coffee or tea? 你喜欢咖啡还是茶？He prefers talking to doing. 他喜欢说，却不喜欢做。They prefer to die rather than surrender. 他们宁死不屈。And for young people, having an English name is cool for them when they talk to their foreign pen pals.而且对年轻人来说，有了英文名字，和笔友交谈时也很酷。having an English name 中having 是动词ing形式, 用来做主语。e.g.Getting up early every day is his good habit. 每天早起是他的习惯。Swimming is her favorite sport. 游泳是她最喜欢的运动。Learning English and having English names are both popular in China. They are also important for Chinas contact with the world.学习英语，而且有英文名字在中国很流行。这些对中国和世界的接触也很重要。contact的用法：contact n. e.g.be in contact with 和.接触， 有联系They have been in contact with each other for five years.他们互相保持联系已经有五年了。She es into contact with many people. 她和许多人有联系。contact v. e.g.She contacted me as soon as she arrived. 她一到就和我联系了。On the other hand, some people who e to China choose Chinese names另一方面，一些人来到中国，也起了中文名字。on one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面e.g.On one hand, he is a clever boy; on the other hand, he always makes his mother angry.一方面，他是个聪明的孩子；可另一方面，他老惹母亲生气。本周教学内容：Review of Unit 4一、 直接引语转换间接引语中动词形式变化小结：Direct SpeechReported Speech1. am/ is1. was2. are2. were3. have/ has3. had4. do/ know/ want4. did/ knew/ wanted5. will5. would6. can6. could7. may7. might8. “I am bored,” he said.8. He said he was bored.9. They told me, “We love Mexican food.9. They told me (that) they loved Mexican food.10. She told me, “I had an accident.”10. She told me she had had an accident.11. He said, “I havent seen Lee in ages.”11. He said he hadnt seen Lee in ages.12. They said, “Weve been eating out a lot lately.”12. They said they had been eating out a lot lately.13. He said, “I cant work today.”13. He said he couldnt work that day.14. They said, “Well probably be home all day.”14. They said they would probably be home all day.15. She said, “I may call you later.”15. She said she might call me later.词汇和词组用法：1.tell/ ask someone to do something; tell/ ask someone not to do somethingsay to do; say not to do以上两组词都是间接的请求某人做某事或请求别人不要做某事，与我们这一课所学的间接引语的表达有所区别：tell/ ask someone (that) say (that) 例如：Mother said to me, “Please clean your room.”这句话表达的是一种请求，因此我们转述时应该表达为：Mother asked/told me to clean my room.如果例句表达为：Mother said to me, “You should clean your room.”这时候我们就可以转述为：Mother said to me (that) I should clean my room.2.be/get mad at someone/ something 对某人（或某事）恼火be mad about/ for/ on someone/ something 狂热的迷恋某人（或某事）例如：My younger sister is always losing her keys and Mother gets really mad at her. 我妹妹总是掉钥匙，妈妈对她很恼火。The boy is mad at online games and he spends all his time in playing PC games. 那男孩对网络游戏着了迷，把时间都花在电脑游戏上。3.Hows it going? 这是口语体中表示询问的话，相当于说How is everything going on? （最近如何？近况如何？）4.be in good health 表示“身体健康”，“身体状况不错”，相当于feel well。5.have a hard time with something 表示“在某事上吃苦头”，同义的词组还有have a rough time with something。例如：He didnt pay much attention to what the teacher said in class and had a really rough time in the following examination. 他在课堂上没怎么听讲，在随后的考试中大吃苦头。6.start a habit (of doing something) 开始养成（做某事的）习惯form a habit 养成某种习惯fall/ get into the habit of 沾染的习惯get out of a habit 戒除一种习惯out of habit 出于习惯例如：At the age of twelve he fell into the habit of smoking. 十二岁时他就染上了抽烟的习惯。Dont scold him. He did this totally out of habit. 不要批评他了。他这么做完全是出于习惯。7.get over 克服（困难）；从（病、损失等中）恢复过来go over 复习例如：Cheer up! I m sure youll soon get over the difficulty. 振作起来！我相信你会很快克服困难的。You should go over the lessons since there will be a test tomorrow. 由于明天有考试，你应该复习功课。 直接引语与间接引语Teaching procedures:1.掌握直接引语与间接引语的意义、功能及用法；2.进一步熟练过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时）。Teaching difficult points:1. 直接引语（Direct Speech）是指原封不动的引用原话，把它放在引号内，例如：Mother told me,“You should finish your homework first, then you can go out and play with your friends.”They said, “We want to have a rest.”间接引语（Reported Speech，又叫Indirect Speech）即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内。上面两个例句变成间接引语应该是：Mother told me that I should finish my homework first and then I could go out and play with my friends.They said they wanted to have a rest.2. 当我们把直接引语变成间接引语时，由于引述动词（said，told等）一般都是过去时形式，因此间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、限定词、时间状语、地点状语等一般都要做相应的变化。有下面几种情况：1）现在时间推移到过去时间所谓现在时间推移到过去时间指一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变成过去进行时，现在完成时变成过去完成时。例如：She said, “I am hungry.” She said (that) she was hungry.He said, “The family are fighting among themselves.” He said (that) the family were fighting among themselves.Tom said, “I have found whats wrong with the puter.” Tom said he had found what was wrong with the puter.在下列场合，尽管陈述动词为过去时形式，间接引语中的动词时态却不必改变，即：a）当引述的是客观事实、科学真理、现在习惯工作以及格言等内容时：He said, “The word laser is an acronym（首字母缩略词）.” He said the word laser is an acronym.b）当动词所表示的状态或动作在引述时仍在继续时：“Im forty,” he said. He said he is forty.c）当谓语动词包含无过去时形式的情态助动词时：He said, “It must be pretty late. I really must go.” He said it must be pretty late, and he really must go.He said,“You mustnt smoke in the room.” He said I mustnt smoke in the room.2）过去时间推移到过去的过去这里需要注意以下几点：a）当强调动作或状态先于引述动词时，一般过去时要变成过去完成体。例如：He said, “I didnt know you.” He said he hadnt known me.当 “过去的过去” 已经不言自明，或者通过其他词汇手段予以体现，或者侧重于强调所转述的事实本身时，一般过去时形式可以不变。例如：Ann said, “She was born in 1981.” Ann said she was born in 1981.b）过去进行时可以变成过去完成进行时，也可以不变。例如：Robert said, “I was joking with Mary.” Robert said he had been joking with Mary.Robert said he was joking with Mary.c）过去完成时仍为过去完成时，不需改变。例如：He said,“We hadnt returned to the store when she came.” He said they hadnt returned to the store when she came.d）时间状语分句中的一般过去式或者过去进行时可以不变。例如：John said,“When I lived in London I often saw Jane.” John said when he lived in London he had often seen Jane.John said when he lived in London he often saw Jane.3）将来时间推移到过去将来时间最常见的是把表示将来时间的助动词由现在时形式变为过去时形式。例如：He said, “Were spending next weekend at home.” He said they were spending the next weekend at home.She said, “The milk will go off（变质）if you dont drink it today.” She said the milk would go off if I didnt drink it that day.They said, “Were going to Hawaii this summer vacation.” They said they were going to Hawaii that summer vacation.但是，在引述时，如果原话中的动作或者状态属于尚未到来的将来时间，那么，可以不推移到过去将来时间。例如：He said,“I ll be