2019年高考英语 同步精练 训练2.doc

2019年高考英语 同步精练 训练2.短语填空adapt to,set foot on,in case of,on average,in the form of,be trapped in,stand out,in particular,e into sight,e up with1You must_the norms of the society you live in.2The overseas are very glad to_their homeland.3We received 20 calls a day_.4The scientists are beating their brains trying to_a solution to the problem.5Help_money is wele.6_fire，open this safety door.7Some low houses covered with white snow_.8Our daughter is a great dancer，she_above the rest.9President Hu stressed that point_during his lecture.10He_the crashed car and couldnt move his legs.答案1.adapt to2.set foot on3.on average4e up with5.in the form of6.In case of7.came into sight8stands out9.in particular10.was trapped in.完成句子1南极洲是最后一个被发现的洲。(不定式作定语)Antarctica is the last continent_.2我们劝说他不要放弃工作。(discourage)We_him_giving up the job.3不幸的是，我们被困在了大雨中。(be trapped in)Unfortunately，we_the heavy rain.4他们没有提出任何切合实际的解决方法。(fail to do)They have_any practical solutions.51969年7月20号，尼尔阿姆斯特朗成为第一个登上月球的人。On July 20,1969，Neil Armstrong became the first man_the moon.答案1.to be discovered2.discouraged; from3.were trapped in4.failed to e up with5.to set foot on.单项填空1The workers wouldnt run the_of letting an unreliable person take charge of the factory.Arisk Bdanger Cchance Dtrouble解析run/take the risk of (doing) sth冒险(做)。答案A2If you quarrel with the employer again，you will risk_dismissed from the pany.Agetting Bto getChaving got Dto have got解析由risk doing sth排除C、D。get dismissed被解雇。答案A3I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have_.So am IThey seemed very happy together when I last saw them.Abroken up Bfinished upCdivided up Dclosed up解析考查动词短语辨析。break up 断绝关系；finish up 结果成为；最终到来；divide up 分担，分配，分享；close up(伤口)愈合。答案A4Have you_some new ideas?Yeah.Ill tell you later.Ae about Be intoCe up with De out with解析e up with想出，想起；e about产生，发生(不及物动词短语)；e into进入；e out with说出，出版。答案C5It is because of a long_from school that I am a bit behind the other classmates.Alack Bloss Cabsence Dfailure解析句意：是因为我长期缺席才导致我落在其他同学后面。lack缺乏，不足；loss损失；absence缺席；failure失败。答案C6They were walking along the path when a blue flower_.Acame into sight Bbe in sightClose sight of Dwas out of sight解析句意：他们沿河走的时候突然看到一朵花。e into sight “进入视线；映入眼帘”，符合题意。lose sight of“看不见，忽略”；out of sight “看不见”；in sight “看得见”，均不符合题意。答案A7As we know，contacts between cultures_understanding among people of the world.Araise Bpromote Cheighten Denlarge解析raise意为“升起”；promote意为“促进”；heighten意为“升高”；enlarge意为“扩大”。promote understanding “增进理解”。句意：众所周知，文化的接触促进了世界人民之间的理解。答案B8Did your father e back early yesterday?No.Not until eleven oclock_home.Ahe arrived Bdid he arriveChe did arrive Darrived he 解析本题考查倒装句型。not until 置于句首时，谓语动词常用部分倒装形式，故选B项。答案B 9It would be_a risk to let the child go to school himself，which no one shows any doubt about.Afollowing Bpassing Crunning Dcarrying解析考查固定词组的用法，run/take a risk 冒风险。答案C10_on the portrait，mother was deep in thought.AFixed her eyes BHer eyes are fixedCHer eyes fixing DWith her eyes fixed解析复合结构。with 名词 过去分词短语，表示伴随。答案D11So badly_in the accident that he was sent to a hospital.Adid he hurt Bhe was hurtCwas he hurt Dhe did hurt解析so.that.结构在句首，主句要部分倒装。so连同它所修饰的部分一起倒装。答案C12In the_of proof，the police could not take action against the man.Alack Bshortage Cabsence Dfailure 解析in the absence of 缺少；shortage 缺乏，无此搭配。答案C13The final_of the play will take place on Monday.Aaction BperformanceCview Dsight解析考查名词词义辨析。 performance (话剧的) 一场演出。action行为；view观点，视点；sight视力，视线 。 答案B14All the girls swam in the lake except two，who_halfway.Agave off Bgave up Cgave away Dgave out解析give up 意为“放弃”；give out 意为“分发，发出(气味、热等)；发表；用尽，精疲力竭”；give away意为“送掉，分发；放弃；泄露，出卖”；give off 意为“发出(蒸汽、光等)，长出(枝、杈等)”。答案B15The experiment turned out to be_，which wasnt_they wanted.Aa pletely failing；as Ba plete failure；what Cpletely failure；that Dfailed；/解析某些抽象名词具体化后变成可数名词，前可加冠词。failure在此意为“一次挫败的事”；第二空的what引导一个表语从句，what充当wanted 的宾语。答案B.阅读理解AScientists are working to develop crop plants that can reduce the amount of water used for agriculture.Almost sixty percent of the worlds freshwater withdrawals from rivers，lakes and other water resources go toward irrigating fields.Scientists are using biotechnology as well as traditional breeding methods to develop watersaving crops to feed a growing world.Tommy Carter is a plant scientist in North Carolina working for the Agricultural Research Service in the United States Department of Agriculture.He leads Team Drought，a group of researchers at five universities.They have been using conventional breeding methods to develop soybeans that can grow well under dry conditions.Tommy started working on droughtresistant soybeans in 1981.His research has taken him as far as China，where soybeans have been grown for thousands of years.Farmers in the United States，however，have grown soybeans for only about a century.Tommy Carter says the soybeans they grow are for the most part genetically similar.More differences could better protect crops against climate changes that can reduce production.Those changes include water shortages which could increase from global warming.The Agriculture Department has a soybean germplasm collection (种质收集)，a collection of genetic material passed from one generation to the next.Members of Team Drought studied more than 2,500 examples from the collection.They looked at those from Asia and searched for germplasms that could keep plants from weakening and wilting (枯萎) during hot，dry summers in the United States.Tommy says they found only five，but these slowwilting lines can produce more than normal soybeans under drought conditions.The team is now doing field tests.The first breeding line is expected to be released next year for use by private seed panies and public soybean breeders.Scientists are also working on other crop plants that either use less water or use it better，or both.1The scientists are developing the crop plants because_.Atraditional crop plants cant grow under dry conditionsBonly biotechnology could lead to a success in this areaCirrigating fields has used almost 60% of our freshwaterDwe need new crops to save more water than ever before解析细节理解题。根据文章第一段的第一句话可知，科学家研制新的农作物品种是为了节水。答案D2From the passage we know that Tommy Carter_.Ais now teaching at five universitiesBorganized Team Drought in 1981Conce went to China to study soybeansDdiscovered the genetic material of soybeans解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，他曾到中国研究soybeans。答案C3According to the passage，the five examples from Asia need less water under drought conditions because_.Asoybeans have been grown in Asia for thousands of yearsBthe germplasms are different from those of American soybeansCthe history of soybeans growing in America is only a centuryDthe problem of water shortages in Asia is much more serious解析细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“.germplasms that could keep plants from weakening and wilting (枯萎) during hot，dry summers in the United States.”可知，germplasms是决定农作物能否对抗干旱的主要因素。故亚洲的大豆更耐旱是因为它们与美洲大豆的种质不同。答案B4What will the writer most probably write about next?ASome other research on crops that use less water.BThe conclusion that less water is needed for soybeans.CMore information about Tommy Carters new soybeans.DThe reason why the climate changes have taken place.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者将进一步论述其他关于节水农作物的研究情况。答案A5The passage is mainly talking about_.Aconventional methods of plants breedingBefforts to develop crops using less waterCthe history of soybeans growing in ChinaDwhat some scientists do to change the climate解析主旨大意题。对节水农作物的研究是本文的中心。文章没有涉及传统农作物的培育方式，可排除A项。C项是文章细节；D项文中未提及。答案BBScience and technology students in China and the US have a long way to go before they can develop a deep understanding of scientific reasoning，researchers have found.As part of a research to pare science education in China and the US，Lei Bao，a professor from the Department of Physics of the Ohio State University，gave 5,760 freshmen in three US and four Chinese universities two tests to evaluate content knowledge and another to assess scientific reasoning.Though Chinese students did better than their US counterparts in the first two tests that emphasized on learning facts，both groups “scored relatively poorly” on the third test，designed to assess their ability to systematically explore a problem，the results showed.Lei Bao said that the finding challenges conventional wisdom，which holds that teaching science facts will improve students reasoning ability.“Our study shows that，contrary to what many people would expect，even when students are thoroughly taught the facts，they dont necessarily develop the reasoning skills they need to succeed，” Bao said “Because students need both knowledge and reasoning，we need to explore teaching methods that target both.”The current education systems and assessment of China and the US do not emphasize on deep understanding of scientific reasoning in the disciplines of science，technology，engineering and mathematics (STEM)，the study concluded.Bao explained that reasoning is a good skill for everyone to possessnot just scientists and engineers.The general public also need good reasoning skills in order to correctly interpret scientific findings and think rationally.STEM students need to excel_at scientific reasoning in order to handle openended realworld tasks in their future careers in science and engineering.How to boost scientific reasoning？The study suggests that educators must go beyond teaching science facts if they hope to boost students reasoning ability.Bao points to inquirybased learning，where students work in groups，question teachers and design their own investigations.This teaching technique is growing in popularity worldwide.6According to the research，we know that_.AChinese students and their US counterparts did poorly in the first two testsBChinese students did better than their US counterparts in all the three testsCChinese students did better than their US counterparts in the first two testsDUS students did better than their Chinese counterparts in the third test解析考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句话可知答案为C项。答案C7The conventional wisdom holds that_.Athe more facts students are taught，the more reasoning skills they will acquireBthe general public also need reasoning skills to interpret scientific findingsCto boost students reasoning ability，educators must explore teaching methodsDthe current education systems are harmful to improve students reasoning ability解析考查细节理解。据第四段第一句话可知，Lei Bao说这项发现挑战了传统的观点。传统观点认为教给科学事实会提高学生的推理能力，所以A项是该题的答案。答案A8Based on the study，what will be done to improve students reasoning ability?ATo improve teaching techniques.BTo better students learning conditions.CTo teach students more science facts.DTo offer students more tests.解析考查推理判断。根据第四段后半部分可知：研究结果与人们普遍的看法正好相反，即使孩子们被传授了知识，他们也不一定能具备成功所需要的推理能力，因为学生们既需要知识也需要推理能力，因此我们需要探索我们的教学方法，使学生们能一举两得。答案A9The underlined phrase “excel at” in Paragraph 6 probably means_.Abe worse at Bbe better atCbe enthusiastic about Dbe inferior to解析考查词义猜测。根据文章大意不难推出，学生们需要更加擅长科学推理的能力，目的是让他们为将来的开放性科学工程工作做好充分的准备。答案B10Which of the following is CORRECT according to the passage?ALittle needs to be done to develop students reasoning ability in the US.BOnly scientists and engineers need reasoning abilities.CTwo tests were carried out to evaluate students scientific reasoning.DInquirybased learning is a good way to boost students reasoning ability.解析考查细节理解。由最后一段第二句话可知D项为最佳答案。答案D