2019-2020年中考复习《定语从句》教学案.doc

2019-2020年中考复习定语从句教学案课 题中考复习定语从句学习目标与考点分析1 定语从句的功用和结构2 关系代词和关系副词的功用3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 学习重点 难点定语从句的正确使用 学习方法由典型例题入手，逐渐深入，边讲边练；教学过程【语法回顾】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫做关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose）或关系副词(when, where)，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句that， who，whom(只做宾语)主语、宾语、表语人Do you know the girl whothat is standing under a tree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?that，which主语、宾语、表语物、时间、地点、原因She got a puter whichthat her parents bought for her她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。whose定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。The classroom whose window is open is mine窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。when状语时间I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。where状语地点This is the school where my mother works这就是我妈妈工作的学校。why状语原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗?二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)：1that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。This is the pen that you are looking for. 这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语)The girl that has long hair is my sister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。（主语）2which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well.天津产的自行车销售很好。（主语）The fish which we bought were not fresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。(宾语)3who, whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。The boy who broke the window is called Tom.打碎窗户的男孩叫Tom. （主语）The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)4whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)He lives in a house whose widows open to the south.他住在窗户朝南的那所房子。(指物)三、只用which不用that的情况：1在介词后只用which，不能用that。This is the bank in which the robbery happened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。2先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。The clock is that which tells the time.钟表是用来报时的。四、只用that不用which的情况：1先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen. 这是我所见过的最美丽的山。2先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.我读的第一本英文小说是39级台阶。3. 先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, many, the only, the very, the last等修饰词时只能用that。Here are all the books that I have.这就是我所有的书。This is the only book that I like.这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。4先行词是everything, something, anything, all, none, much, little, many, few等不定代词时，只能用that。Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。5先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。6先行词是the one时，只能用that。This is the one that you want.这就是你想要的。7在以who引导的疑问句后，为了避免重复，只能用that。Who is the girl that is standing there? 站在那边的那个女孩是谁？五、在介词后只能用whom，不能用who。The girl to whom I talked just now is from America. 我刚刚与之谈话的那个女孩是来自美国的。六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。Tom is the only boy that is from the USA. Tom是惟一从美国来的男孩。七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，如果定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，要加介词或副词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词构成固定的及物动词短语后，不能把介词或副词提前到关系代词前。)He is the old man who/whom we looked after last year.他是我们去年照顾的那个老人。That is the book which I am looking for.那就是我要找的书。八、关系副词when与where的使用：1when指时间：I will never forget the time when we worked on the farm.我将永远不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那段时光。2where指地点(where=in等介词which)：This is the house where(=in which) he lived last year.这是他去年住的房子。九、定语从句与作定语的动词不定式、介词短语、现在分词短语、过去分词短语的转换：She has much work that she must do.=She has much work to do.她有许多要做的工作。The man in the car is Mr. Green.=The man who is in the car is Mr. Green.在车上的人是格林先生。The girl watering flowers there is my sister.=The girl who is watering flowers there is my sister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。The boy saved in the river has e back to life.= The boy who was saved in the river has e back to life.从河里救起的男孩苏醒过来了。【语法过关】1. -Do you like the pop singer? -No, I prefer the singer _can sing folk music.A. which B. who C. where D. how2. The man _is wearing a blue jacket is Jims uncle.A. who B. whom C. which D. /3Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which4 -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who5The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that6-Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which7I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who8Im looking at the photograph _ you sent me with your letter. A. who B. whomC. whichD. it 9I hate people dont help others when they are in trouble. Awho Bwhich Cthey10 -Barbara, where do you work?-I work for a pany _sells cars. A. which B. where C. what D. who11Do you know the young lady _your mother is talking? A. who B. whom C. with whom D. which12The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that【语法回顾】宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.他说他想呆在家里。She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.她不知道她病得很严重。I am sure (that) he will succeed.我确信他会成功。2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？He asked whose handwriting was the best.他问谁的书法最好。Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? 你能告诉我3路公共汽车站在哪儿吗？I dont know why the train is late.我不知道火车为什么晚了。I cant imagine why he did that thing我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。Do you know why we have put off the sports meet till next month? 你知道我们为什么把运动会推迟到下个月吗? 以上两个例句的宾语从句相当于一个特殊疑问句，分别为：why did he do that thing?和Why have you put off the sports meet till next month?由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：How much does this coat cost? 这件衣服值多少钱? I want to know how much this coat costs我想知道这件衣服值多少钱。Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了?Please tell me where you went yesterday请告诉我你昨天去哪儿了。 当疑问代词what，who在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。Whats wrong with you? 怎么了?He asked the girl what was wrong with her他问这个女孩怎么回事了。Whats the matter? 怎么了?He asked the girl what was the matter他问这个女孩怎么了。What has happened to him? 他发生什么事了?We want to know what has happened to him我们想知道他发生了什么事。同类句式还有：Who broke the window? 谁打破的窗户?Who is in the classroom? 谁在教室里?What made him so angry什么使得他如此生气。3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。表示“是否”，二者通常可以互换。例如： Lily asked if/whether she liked it.莉莉问她是否喜欢它。I want to know if (whether) he lives there.我想知道他是否住在这儿。He asked me whether (if) I could help him.他问我是否可以帮助他。但语义有点区别：1）whether强调犹豫和选择，多见于书面语中；if 只限于条件，常用于口语。例如：Write and tell me whether Im to e. 请写信告诉我，我是否该来。Write and tell me if Im to e. 如果我该来，请写信告诉我（相当于说：若我不必来，那就不用费心写信给我了。）2）whether可引导各种名词性从名和让步状语从句，if 只能引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。由if引导的从句，首先要弄清楚是宾语从句，还是条件状语从句，然后再确定时态。若是引导条件状语从句，谓语动词应用一般现在（过去）时代替一般将来（过去将来）时。例如：If you dont go soon, youll be late.如果你不马上去就会迟到。当if引导一个非真实条件句时，从句的谓语动词应用过去式（如果是be, 则不论主语的人称和数，一律用were）,主句谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。例如：If everyone in the country knew first aid, many lives would be saved.如果每个国民都懂得急救（的知识），许多生命就会得以挽救。3）whether和if都可以与or no连用。但if与or not之间常需要用词语隔开，而whether与or not可连用，也可隔开。例如：Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?(=Can you tell me whether the train has left or not?)你能告诉我火车是否离开了吗?I dont care if your car breaks down or not .我不在乎你的汽车是否坏了。4）下列情况，只用whether作引导词：引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句。例如：Whether he es or not doesnt concern me.他来不来与我无关。I am in doubt whether I ought to give this plan my approval.我决定不了是否该同意这项计划。What I want to know is whether you can help me.我想知道的是你是否能帮助我。Whether we go or stay, the result is the same.不管我们是走还是留，其结果是一样的。5）与不定式连用：例如：I dont know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是该接受还是该拒绝。6）在介词后作介宾。例如：I am not interested in whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢那项计划。4think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示“认为”、“猜想”等的动词后的宾语从句1）否定转移 在以上动词之后的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定含义，却不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述动词变为否定形式，这就叫否定转移。I dont think the book is worth buying我认为这本书不值得买。I dont believe they have finished their work我相信他们并未完成他们的工作。I dont suppose he cares我猜想他们不会介意的。We dont expect they will have everything done我们希望他们没有把事全做完。2）存在这种否定转移现象的句了在作反意疑问句时，具有如下特点： 在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时，反意疑问句应针对主句。You dont think he can finish his work, do you? 你认为他不能完成他的工作，是吗?He doesnt believe that we have e back，does he? 他认为我们还没回来呢，是吗? 但是如果主句主语是第一人称时，反意疑问词部分的主语和时态要与宾语从句保持一致，并注意否定转移。I dont think you are an actor，are you? 我认为你不是一个演员，是吗?I suppose you have been to Beijing，havent you ?我想你去过北京。是吗? 另外，当think ，suppose，believe，imaging，guess这类表示“认为”、“猜想”的动词作主句谓语时，常会出现一种以疑问词起头的双重疑问句。What do you think he is? 你认为他是做什么的?How much time do you suppose I must spend on it? 你认为我得花多少时间来做这件事?二. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.我听说物理不容易。I think (that) you will like this school soon.我认为你不久会喜欢这所学校。Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? 你能告诉我怎么到动物园吗？Please tell me when well have the meeting.请告诉我我们什么时候开会。三. 宾语从句的时态1若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何时态。例如：We all know chicken cant swim.我们都知道鸡不会游泳。Dont you think Jim is speaking too quick.难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗？He says he will e back.他说他会回来。2若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。例如：Show me which picture is yours.让我看看哪张照片是你的。Please tell us where we will go.请告诉我要去哪里。3若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。例如：I knew she had swept the floor already.我知道她已经扫过地了。He asked if I was doing my homework this time yesterday.他问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。4若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。例如：Our teacher told us light travels much faster than sound.老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。They knew the sun is much bigger than the earth then.他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多，He said that one and one makes two.他说一加一等于二。 【语法过关】1- Could you tell us how long _? - About three days. A. does the sports meeting last B. the sports meeting last C. will the sports meeting last D. the sports meeting will last2I want to know_, A. what is his name B whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 3Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future.(xx广东卷)A. that B. how C. such D. so 4I wonder _ they will e here with tomorrow. A. whether B. when C. who D. how 5-Could you tell me _? -Im not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 6. - Can I help you? - Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me_ take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 7.-Could you let me know _ yesterday? -Because the traffic was heavy. A. why did you e late B. why you came late C. why do you e late D. why you e late 8A puter can only do _you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when9The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that10I think Father would like to know _ Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note A. which B. why C. what D. how学生归纳总结：1：这堂课你掌握了什么？答： 学生对于本次课的评价： 特别满意 满意 一般 差 学生签字：教师评定：1、 学生上次作业评价： 非常好 好 一般 需要优化2、 学生本次上课情况评价：非常 好 好 一般 需要优化 教师签字：