2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题04 短文改错.doc

2019-2020年高考英语优等生百日闯关系列 专题04 短文改错方法与技巧 高考短文改错的错误类型概括起来主要是语法错误、逻辑错误和搭配等方面的错误。.语法错误包括动词、名词、代词、主谓一致、非谓语动词及情态动词等方面的错误。1.名词:名词错误主要考查名词单复数错误，可数与不可数名词的混用。确定名词单复数有以下几种方法:看修饰语；看主谓语的一致性；可数名词前无单数修饰语一定要用复数；看其他限制。2.动词:时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语；需要接 ing形式的接了to，或相反等。对于这一类错误可根据上下文语境或者句子的平行结构确定动词时态。3.形容词、副词:常在需要形容词的地方用了副词或相反；关系副词where,when,why等的缺失或错用。根据形容词、副词的基本用法或句意确定错误。4.介词:主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。5.主谓一致:主语为单数，动词用了复数；而主语为复数，动词却用了单数形式。再就是就近原则对主语的影响。6.冠词:主要考查表示特指和泛指时冠词的使用情况。定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节、月份、星期、球类及三餐活动、称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏掉了the；a,an的混用等。7.数词:主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用，如分数的分子大于一时分母没有用复数等，基数词的复数形式如几百hundreds of，几千thousands of漏掉了s，或是当其前有具体数字或several时加了复数，如seven hundred，写作seven hundreds。8.连词:不符合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反等等。体验高考【xx四川卷】 短文改错(共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分)下面短文中共有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Hello, boys and girls! Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. Stay close to your teacher and classmate. Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calmly. Soon the firefighters will e and put out a fire. If its a false alarm and there is no fire, your teacher will lead us back to the classroom. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.【答案】【小题1】with -about。【小题2】go-goes。【小题3】wait 后加for。【小题4】classmate -classmates 。【小题5】trying -try 。【小题6】calmly-calm。【小题7】a the 。【小题8】us-you。【小题9】去掉when。【小题10】andor。【小题1】with -about 。考查短语搭配和语境理解。I am going to talk with what you should do根据句意可知talk后是谈论的内容，talk with 意思是“与某人交谈”；talk about意思是“谈论某人或某事”，故把with改为about。【小题2】go-goes 。考查主谓一致。when a fire alarm go off。从句中的主语是a fire alarm，根据主谓一致的原则可知谓语动词应该用单数，把go改为goes。【小题3】wait 后加 for 。考查短语搭配。and wait your teacher to lead you outside 。固定短语：wait for“等待”，其中wait是不及物动词，如后面有宾语，则加介词for。【小题4】classmate -classmates 。考查名词单复数。Stay close to your teacher and classmate.从内容可知此处是指许多同学们，应该用复数形式，把classmate改为classmates。【小题5】trying -try 。考查谓语和非谓语。Dont panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet。解题关键是and连接的词前后需一致。根据前面panic判断此处用动词原形try。【小题6】calmly-calm。考查形容词的用法。remain quiet and calmly。Remain是系动词，后面用形容词作表语，故把calmly改为calm。【小题7】a the 。考查冠词用法。Soon the firefighters will e and put out a fire.。在文中fire是特指概念，故用定冠词the。【小题8】us-you。考查人称代词的用法。your teacher will lead us back to the classroom.根据前面your teacher判断此处指带领“你们”，把us改为you。【小题9】去掉when。考查宾语从句。If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, Notice后的宾语从句意思完整应该用that引导，when多余，所以去掉when。考点：考查短文改错。【xx全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m. and ends at 3:30 p.m. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didnt need to do so many homework.Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities .For example , we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day . My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest , or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends .【答案】【小题1】TheyThere 【小题2】didntdont【小题3】many much【小题4】withfor【小题5】hourhours【小题6】looklooks【小题7】去掉the【小题8】satsit【小题9】listening 后加to【小题10】helpfully helpful【解析】试题分析：在本段中作者描述了自己理想学校的样子。他理想的学校是上午8点半上课，下午3点半放学，一天只需要上5节课。学校里没有很多的作业，因此可以参加很多课后的活动。此外，学校还要像一个大花园，学生可以躺草坪上休息，可以听音乐等。【小题1】TheyThere 考查固定句型。They are three lessons in the morning。根据句意可知此处表达：上午有三节课，表示“有”，应该是there be 句型，故把They改为There。【小题2】didntdont考查动词时态。We didnt need to do so many homework。此处叙述每天要做的事情，应该用一般现在时，把didnt改为dont。【小题3】many much 考查不定代词。We didnt need to do so many homework.。many修饰复数名词，如果修饰不可数名词homework应该用much。【小题4】withfor考查介词用法。we have more time with after-school activities。 短语表达：.have time for sth 或者to do sth意思是“ 有做某事的时间”，把with改为for。【小题5】hourhours 考查名词单复数。we can do reading for one and a half hour。此处one and a half hour意思是“一个半小时”，hour应该用复数形式。【小题6】looklooks考查主谓一致。My dream school look like a big garden 。主语是单数名词school，根据主谓一致的原则可知把look改为第三人称单数looks。【小题7】去掉the考查冠词用法。There are all kinds of the flowers。解题关键：掌握there be 句型的特点，即在there be 句型中名词均是泛指概念，所以应该把the 去掉。【小题8】satsit考查动词时态。or sat by the lake listening music。根据前句内容We can lie on the grass for a rest判断此处是or连接的另一个谓语动词，和lie并列，所以把sat改为sit。考点：考查短文改错。【xx陕西卷】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌系的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（ ）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线（ ），并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词； 2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。 My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all e along with bows and arrows for hunting. One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured. That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!【答案】【小题1】加to【小题2】ecame【小题3】havehaving【小题4】immediateimmediately【小题5】onat【小题6】NeitherNone【小题7】waswere【小题8】删除were或looked【小题9】andbut【小题10】aan【解析】试题分析：【解析】【小题1】want后加to 考查不定式。want后跟不定式作宾语，故wanted后加to。【小题2】ecame 考查时态。上下文都是过去时，故此处也用过去时。e改为came。【小题3】havehaving 考查非谓语动词。have应改为having，现在分词短语作伴随状语。【小题4】immediateimmediately 考查副词用法。此处应用副词修饰动词jumped，故immediateimmediately。【小题5】onat 考查动词短语。shoot sth at sth 把射向，故onat【小题6】NeitherNone. 考查代词。此处的箭不是两支，故NeitherNone.【小题7】waswere 考查主谓一致。主语为复数，故waswere。考点：考查短文纠错【xx辽宁卷】文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线( )划掉。 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词; 2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。(试题内容如下)Dear Jeremy and Alice，Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. In a word, your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos early morning barking. It is difficult tounderstanding why she barks every minute shes outside. The early morning barkinghave been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends tobark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5oclock. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure agood way of settling the matter.Sincerely, Jack and Rose 【答案】【小题1】去掉to【小题2】time改成times【小题3】understanding改成understand【小题4】have改成has【小题5】beside改成besides【小题6】a改成an【小题7】starts改成started【小题8】closely改成close【小题9】our改成your【小题10】figure后面加out【小题2】句意：我们已经几次打电话关于Cleo的早晨吠叫的事情。这里的time是可数名词，表示“次数”改成times【小题3】句意：很难想象她为什么在外面每分钟都会吠叫。这里使用了句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.，to后面接动词原形，understanding改成understand【小题4】句意：每天早上吠叫都会打扰我，因为我一晚上都会熬夜照顾孩子。主语是动名词，谓语用单数：have改成has【小题5】句意：此外，Cleo往往一天平均吠叫六次。Beside是介词“在旁边”，改成besides副词，“此外”。【小题6】考查冠词：average是元音开头的单词，所以a改成an【小题7】句意：今天早上她甚至在5点前就开始吠叫了。因为是今天早上的事情，所以用一般过去式：starts改成started【小题8】句意：这对我们太吵了，想象一下房子是多么的近啊。这里用形容词做表语。closely改成close【小题9】句意：我们感谢你们的道歉和祝愿，物主代词错误，our改成your【小题10】考查词组：figure out想出。句意：我们希望你能想出一个解决问题的好办法。考点：考查短文改错【xx全国新课标I】短文改错（10分）Nearly five years before, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted Some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden. Since then for all these year we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please. As result, the plants aregrowing somewhere. The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste. There are so muchthat we often share them with our neighbors. Although we allow tomato plants to growin the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attackproblems. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!【答案】【小题1】beforeago【小题2】byof【小题3】yearyears【小题4】hadhas【小题5】As resulta【小题6】somewhereeverywhere【小题7】tastetasty【小题8】muchmany【小题9】butyet或去掉but【小题10】wonderfullywonderful【小题1】beforeago. ago “从现在起的若干时间以前”；时间段+ago与一般过去时连用。before泛指“从过去起的若干时间以前”，意思是 “距过去某时以前”“与其（毋宁）”，常和完成时连用，这里谓语动词planted用的是过去式，故用ago。【小题2】在的帮助下用固定搭配with the help of。所以把by改成of。【小题3】根据句意和前面的all these 可知，用可数名词year的复数形式years。all these years 的意思是这么多年。【小题4】根据时间状语Since then可知，本句用现在完成进行时。所以把 had 变成have。【小题5】as a result 是固定搭配。所以在As和 result之间加a。【小题6】因为哪里落了种子就在哪里长，所以这种植物长得到处是。所以把somewhere（某地）改成everywhere（到处）。【小题7】这种果子个头小，但是汁多、味道好。这里放在are后面，应该用形容词。所以把taste改成tasty。【小题8】根据后面的them可知，这里用many表示可数名词的许多，而much修饰不可数名词。所以把much 改成many。【小题9】英语中although是连词，but是并列连词。所以不能同时用。所以把but改成yet或去掉but。【小题10】tomatoes 是名词，应该用形容词来修饰。副词常常修饰动词。所以把wonderfully改为wonderful。考点：短文改错。模拟新题精选1.【xx年东北三省三校第二次联考】The Magic Tree House series are among the most popular book series ever writing for children. It tells a storyof two kids, Jack and his sister Annie, seem to be very excited about finding a tree house in the woods. A treehouse is magic and can transport him to various places and various times in history. It turned out that King Arthurfrom Camelot needs help. However, Jacks head librarians, Morgan le Fay, sends him and Annie to help. They endup go to many different places and time periods through history on their adventures, which attract to readers a lot.The series so far has had over 40 books and is likely to grow.【答案】71.【小题1】areis72.【小题2】writingwritten73.【小题3】seem前加who74.【小题4】athe75.【小题5】himthem76.【小题6】turnedturns77.【小题7】howevertherefore/thus78.【小题8】librarianlibrarian79.【小题9】gogoing80.【小题10】去掉to73.【小题3】seem前加who考查定语从句。who修饰Annie。74.【小题4】athe考查冠词。木制房子是特指，所以用the。75.【小题5】himthem考查代词。由主语two kids, Jack and his sister Annie可知用them。76.【小题6】turnedturns考查动词。文章用的是一般现在时。77.【小题7】howevertherefore/thus考查副词。此处是因果关系。78.【小题8】librarianslibrarian考查名词。他的管理员，是单数形式。79.【小题9】gogoing考查动词。up后用动名词。80.【小题10】去掉to。考查介词。attract可以直接加宾语。考点：考查名词代词介词等的用法2.【xx甘肃省兰州市3月诊断】Recently our local government has decided to broaden a narrow road and there is a temple of over 100 years old along a road. Whether the temple should pulled down have caused a heated discussion. Some agree that we should pull it down to carrying out the construction project because it can solve some traffic problem and make our life convenient. Beside, it helps improve the image of our city. But the people who are for the idea believe that we can have another one solution. How should we pull it down? The temple has a long history and tells us something of our city. We can move it away and keep it as long as we like. So far there had been no conclusion over the matter. 【答案】71.【小题1】athe/this72.【小题2】加be73.【小题3】havehas74.【小题4】carryingcarry75.【小题5】problemproblems76.【小题6】BesideBesides77.【小题7】foragainst78.【小题8】去掉one79.【小题9】howwhy80.【小题10】hadhas【解析】试题分析：本文讲的是地方政府打算扩宽一条狭窄的路，但是沿着这条路有一座古老的寺庙，然而针对为了扩宽路是否应该拆毁这座古老的寺庙这个问题引发了激烈的讨论，有些人赞同这个主意，有些人则持反对观点。71.【小题1】athe/this 考查代词。前半句作者已经说了地方政府打算扩宽一条狭窄的路，然后下半句就是沿着这条路有一座寺庙，因此下半句所说的“路”就不能泛指，故athe/this。72.【小题2】加be 考查be动词。句意：这座寺庙是否应该被拆毁引起了一个很激烈的讨论，the temple与pull down之间存在被动关系，故加be。76.【小题6】BesideBesides 考查连词。Beside为介词，在旁边，与相比，而besides可当副词或介词，当副词时译为：此外，而且；当介词时译为：除之外，分析句子结构及意思可知，这里需填一个副词，表示此外，而且，故BesideBesides。77.【小题7】foragainst 考查介词。前一句话是说，一些人同意拆毁这座古老的寺庙，根据这句中的but可知，这句话所要表达的观点与上一句形成转折关系，因此可推断but之后想要说的是一些人反对拆毁这座寺庙，for支持，against反对，故foragainst。78.【小题8】去掉one 考查代词。句意：反对拆毁寺庙这个主意的人相信一定还有其他的解决办法的，another又一，另一，另外的，one在这里多余了，故去掉one。3.【xx宁夏银川一中第四次月考】Nowadays, there is a increasing number of people joining in the activities of volunteering. Its well-known that volunteering jobs are making contributions to society with something in return. Its as the Spirit of Lei Feng. However, knowing this, there are still many people would like to devote themselves to this trend. For instance, the xx Beijing Olympic Games had such many volunteers. They make lots of contributions to the success of the Olympics. Moreover, we can often see many students go to visit the old to take warm to them. Even though some peoples career is a volunteer. They are ready to helping others. Although the volunteers are much more mon, we still need to thank they for devoting themselves to society.【答案】71.【小题1】a-an72.【小题2】something-nothing73.【小题3】as-like74.【小题4】would 前加who75.【小题5】such-so76.【小题6】make-made77.【小题7】warm-warmth78.【小题8】去掉though 79.【小题9】helping-help 80.【小题10】 they-them【解析】试题分析：题目主要考查学生对冠词、介词、代词、形容词、时态、固定短语、等语法知识的掌握情况。71.【小题1】考查冠词。 发元音的单词前选用冠词an，故a改为an。 72.【小题2】考查不定代词。不计回报应为nothing in return，故something改为nothing。73.【小题3】考查介词like。 像，故as改为like。74.【小题4】考查定语从句。先行词是people，故此处关系代词填who，故would 前加who。 75.【小题5】考查副词so和such的使用。so many 后加可数名词，故such改为so76.【小题6】考查动词的时态。本文采用的是一般过去时，故将make改为made，故make改为made。77.【小题7】考查名词和形容词的辨析。Warm是形容词，无法做take 的宾语，故将其改为名词形式 warmth，故warm改为warmth。78.【小题8】考查连词even though 和副词even的区别。此处需要的是副词，而不是连词。故将though删去。79.【小题9】 考查动词的形态。Be ready to do 为固定搭配，故helping改为help。 80.【小题10】考查代词。Thank是动词，后接they的宾格them做宾语。故they改为them。考点：考查冠词、介词、代词、形容词、时态、固定短语等4.【xx届山东烟台市一模】Hello, Peter. Im very grateful for your concern about my ing exam. To tell you truth. I have been busy prepare for the exam recently. Some classmates are facing real stressed due to the exam, but I dont take them so seriously. I always learn in a relaxing mood and Im making a great progress. Now that I had tried my best, it doesnt matter much to me what the result is.In my opinion, we should keep a good balance among our study, rest or exercise. I believe we can be succeeded if we prepare for the exam in a proper way.Id appreciate it if you could give me some good advices.【答案】71.【小题1】加上the72.【小题2】prepare preparing73.【小题3】real really74.【小题4】them it75.【小题5】relaxingrelaxed76.【小题6】去掉a77.【小题7】had have78.【小题8】or and79.【小题9】succeeded successful80.【小题10】advices advice【解析】试题分析：本篇文章是作者写给朋友的信。信中介绍了作者对于考试的态度以及对于学习的看法。71.【小题1】加上the 文中第二句，考查冠词。本句考查固定短语to tell you the truth，意为说实话。故加上the。74.【小题4】them it 文中第三句，考查代词。本句中代词代指的是上文提到的ing exam，故用it而非them。75.【小题5】relaxingrelaxed文中第四句，考查形容词。本句考查的形容词relaxing和relaxed之间的区别，relaxed意为轻松的、自在的，而relaxing意为令人放松的。根据句意，我总是在轻松的气氛中学习。故把relaxing改成relaxed。76.【小题6】去掉a 文中第四句，考查冠词。本题考查冠词的用法，progress为不可数名词，前面不可以用a，故去掉a。77.【小题7】had have 文中第五句，考查时态。通过上下文可知，这里应该使用一般现在时而非一般过去时，故把had改成have。78.【小题8】or and 文中第二段的第一句话，考查连词。在本句中，study、rest及exercise直接存在并列关系而非选择关系，故把or改成and，意为在学习、休息和运动之间保持平衡。79.【小题9】succeeded successful 文中第二段中的第二句，考查形容词。本句考查形容词作表语，出现在be动词之后，担当表语，需要用形容词successful，表示成功的。故把succeeded改成successful。80.【小题10】advices advice 文中最后一句，考查名词。本句考查名词advice，该词为不可数名词，不可以用复数形式，故把advices改成advice。5.【xx山东省菏泽市一模】 I moved to live with my grandparents at the age of ten. My parents which worked in anothercity usually came to meet us a few time every month .it was a wonderfully feeling knowing that my parents were arriving. Every weekend ,I couldnt wait to seeing them. Usually my parents got home very late on the Friday nights or early Saturday mornings. Whenever we arrived, I was usually asleep then. My parents quickly fell asleep like kids after the long tired journey. My mother woke me up about 7 0clock the next morning. Then we both went to the kitchen and make tea for the family. Then we sat together but shared our experiences of the week【答案】【小题1】文中第二句 which改为who【小题2】文中第二句 time改为times【小题3】文中第三句 wonderfully改为wonderful【小题4】文中第四句 seeing改为see【小题5】文中第五句 去掉the【小题6】文中第六句 we改为They【小题7】文中第七句 tired改为tiring【小题8】文中第八句 up后面加上at【小题9】文中第九句 make变为made【小题10】文中第十句 but改为and【小题2】文中第二句 time改为times。考察a few用法。A few修饰可数名词复数，所以这里的times应该是指次数，故将time改为times【小题3】文中第三句 wonderfully改为wonderful。考察形容词，形容词修饰名词放在名词前面，而副词修饰形容词，通常放在后面。Feeling是一个名词，所以前面的wonderfully应该改为形容词wonderful。【小题4】文中第四句 seeing改为see。考察动词不定式。根据前面的wait to我们可以知道这是一个动词不定式，故将seeing改为see。【小题5】文中第五句 去掉the 考察0冠词的用法。表示季节、月份、星期以及节假日的时候不用冠词，该句the后面有Friday，所以要将the去掉。【小题6】文中第六句 we改为They 考察句意，根据前文中说到，我的父母在周五很晚的时候或者周六早上回家。所以这里应该用他们，故将we改为they。【小题8】文中第八句 up后面加上at。考察介词。About表示关于修饰7点钟，介词At用于表示几点钟，故将up后加上at。【小题9】文中第九句 make变为made。考察时态一致。该处前面有并列连词and并且前面动词went是过去式，所以要将and后面的词变为过去式，将make改为made。【小题10】文中第十句 but改为and。考察连词。根据该句意思：这时，我们坐在一起，分享我们那周的经历。课以判断出这是表示并列，故将but改为and。