2019-2020年高考英语 阅读理解七选五复习备考策略和强化训练.doc

2019-2020年高考英语 阅读理解七选五复习备考策略和强化训练一、题型分析 实行新课改后，高考英语阅读理解在分值不变的情况下改为两节，其中第二节为七选五式的阅读理解填空题，即在一段约为300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出5个最佳选项填入短文中的空白处，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。其测试目的在于考查考生阅读理解和语言组织的能力，着重提高学生英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力，并逐步培养学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力。（一）这类题型的特点1、符合普通高中英语课程标准：“高中英语课程应根据学生认知特点和学习发展需要，在近一步发展学生基本语言运用能力的同时，着重提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力，逐步培养学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力”的要求和考试说明中“理解文章的基本结构： 如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构了解，把握住全文的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系”的要求。 2、注重考查考生的逻辑思维能力。阅读本质上就是一种理解、吸收、鉴赏、评价文章的思维过程，新题型不但要求考生具备词汇、句子、语段、语篇等方面的知识，而且要有辩证、综合、分析、归纳方面的逻辑思维能力，是深层次的阅读理解，也是阅读的核心和关键。3、考查考生阅读理解能力更加全面、真实和公平。阅读理解能力一般包括知识面、逻辑分析、思维反应、词汇量和概括能力等。阅读理解（七选五）在考查这些能力的同时侧重考查考生对全文整体理解和考生解决实际问题的能力，此题型有利于培养高中学生逻辑思维、概括归纳等高层次的阅读理解的能力。4、题材新颖，具有浓厚的时代信息和较高的真实性，符合新课程理念下的高考改革走向和高中英语教学的实际，并与考生的学习经历和生活经历相关联，遵循了普通高中英语课程标准的评价理念，保证了试题的效度和信度原则。 （二）阅读理解（七选五）的特点 1、提供一篇大约300个单词的短文，短文中留有5个空白。要求从所给7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯。 2、七个选项是完整的句子或文章标题，而不是从句子中抽出的单词或词组，需要从7个选项中选5个补全短文，另外的两个选项是干扰项。 3、短文内容为考生较熟悉 且能读懂的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，重点考查学生理解短文的主旨和基本结构，做出简单判断和推理的能力。 二、技巧点拨（一）解题知识必备1、要学会分析语篇结构，把握整篇文章的脉络。英语的语篇通常是由句子和语段构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次。句子虽然能够单独地表达相对完整的意思，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片断，才能表达一个相对独立的层意。正所谓“积句成章，积章而成篇。” 2、要学会分析文章层次。文章层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落；另一是分析每一个段落内部层次，也就是语篇层次。 语段与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到语篇的一种过渡形式；段落是比语段更大的意义单位，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，而段落则构成篇章。 3、要了解构成语段的方式。其方式有两种，一是靠句子间意义的结合，二是靠句子间的关联词等逻辑性插入语来连接。我们在分析语段层次时，可以借助句子间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。 （二）解题策略 1、理解句子间意义的关系。文章的内容是根据各层次各段的大意有机组合而成的，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，他们所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的。各句之间都有一定的逻辑。从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句子关系可分为并列、顺序、层递、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句子关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉，理清句子间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。 2、找出句子之间连接性的词语。文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，常见的连接性词语有： （1）表示时间：now, then, afterwards, five minutes later, soon, before long, after that, meanwhile, five minutes later, to this day, just now, just then等。（2）表示顺序： first/firstly, first of all, at first, second/secondly, next, third/thirdly, at first, at last, in the end, finally, next 等。（3）表示递进关系：besides, also, Whats more, in addition, even, once more, more over等。（4）表示因果关系：because, so, therefore, as a result, thanks to, because of, due to 等。（5）表示转折关系：but, yet, however, while, on the contrary等。（6）表示条件关系：if, unless, as long as, so long as, on condition that等。（7）表示结果关系：thus, therefore, as a result, luckily, unfortunately 等。（8）表示强调关系：above all, indeed, surely, certainly, of course, after all, at least, at most 等。 （9）表示过渡性插入语：generally speaking, I think, in other words, in a word, in short等。(10) 表示解释和说明： thats to say, for example, actually, and so on, such as, believe or not, to tell the truth, according to, for this reason, in fact, in other words 等。(11) 表示比较对比：just like, just as, in the same way, more or less, sooner or later, on the hand, instead等。(12) 表示总结： in conclusion, in a word, in generally a word, generally speaking, in short, as you know, in the end 等。 （三）解题步骤1、通读整篇文章，把握整段语脉，理出文章的中心。2、根据标点符号确定有几个句子，将所有句子按意义和连接词分出层次，并分析各层次之间的关系。3、通读七个选项，确定各选项所表达的意义。4、再次通读文章，选出合适的选项，再逐个完成。5、完整复查。将选项带入短文中，看全篇短文是否连贯、合理、通顺，内容是否清晰，前后意思是否矛盾，所选的选项是否符合短文的语言环境，是否符合上下文的逻辑关系等。强化训练1、 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。“You are what you eat,” goes the mon English saying. But actually, you are what you drink. Why? Because 75 percent of your body is water!_1_When we dont give our bodies enough water, our organs cannot work properly. We are also easier to catch diseases. When we are sick, drinking plenty of water should be one of the first things we do. _2_Is your body asking for more water?If you experience headaches, sleepiness, allergies(过敏) or dizziness(头晕),your body might be telling you to drink more water. _3_Even problems such as nervousness or forgetfulness can be caused by lack of water. In addition, the medicines that treat these illnesses can sometimes dry out your body further. The more water you are lacking in, the worse your health will be no matter how much medicine you take. _4_How much water is enough for you?Most experts suggest drinking at least eight 8 ounce glasses of water every day. However, if you weight more than 128 pounds, you need even more water. Drink an extra glass of water for every 15 pounds of Body weight.Drink more water in the hot summer months and when you exercise to replenish(补充) the water lost through sweating. Caffeine makes your body lose water very quickly. So drink extra water if you drink beret ages such as coffee, tea or soda.Helpful tipsTry these tips to help yourself drink more water.Dont wait until you are thirsty to drink. _5_Plan to have enough water.Carry a bottle of pure water with you wherever you go.Dont hesitate by frequent trips to the toilet.Drinking plenty of water can take as much time as you need and prevent serious illness in the future. So pour yourself a glass of water and drink up!A. Drink water regularly and drink each time.B. All kinds of drink will contribute to your health.C. If youre thirsty, youre already lack of water.D. Instead, we usually depend on drugs to make us well.E. Lack of water may be the real reason for your sickness.F. Therefore, it is important to listen to your body when it asks for a drink!G. With this fact in mind, its no surprise that drinking enough water is crucial for good health.答案与解析我们身体中百分之七十五的成分都是水，因此饮用足够的水对我们的健康意义重大。本文讲述的就是饮水的重要性，以及如何饮用足够的水。1.G 本空是起着承上启下的作用的。后面讲述了不饮足够的水的害处，因此饮用足够的水对我们的健康是很重要的。2.D 从前一句话知道，生病时喝水是最重要的，而实际上，生病时，我们首先求助的是药物，而不是水。3.E 联系空前我们身体缺水时所表现的症状我们可以得此答案。4.F 本空是对这一段的总结。有时服药使得我们 的身体更加缺水，阅此认真听一下我们的身体的需求是非常重要的。5.C 联系空前的“ Dont wait until you are thirsty to drink.”我们知道，不要等到口渴时才喝水。事实上，当我们感到口渴的时候，身体已缺水了。 2、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Six Ways to Improve Reading prehensionHelp your child keep what he reads a crucial skill, especially as he gets older and needs to gain important information from textbooks. Have him read aloud. This forces him to go slower, which gives him more time to process what he reads _1_ Provide the right kinds of books. Make sure your child gets lots of practice reading books that arent too hard. _2_ Stopping any more often than that to figure out a word makes it tough for him to focus on the overall meaning of the story. _3_ To gain meaning from text, your child needs to read quickly and smoothly -a skill known as fluency. Rereading familiar, simple books gives your child practice at decoding words quickly, so hell more fluent. Talk to the teacher. If your child is struggling mightily with prehension, he may need more help with his reading - for example, building his vocabulary or practicing phonics skills. Supplement class reading. If his class is studying a particular theme, look for easy-to-read books or magazines on the topic. Some prior knowledge will make his way through tougher classroom texts. Talk about what hes reading. This “verbal processing”helps him remember and think through themes of the book. _4_ For example: Before: “What interests you in this book? What doesnt?” During:“_5_ Is it turning out the way you thought it would?” After: “Can you summarize the book? What did you like about it?” A. Reread to build fluency B. Whats going on in the book? C. Look up new words in the dictionary. D. Do you know all the characters in the story? E. Ask questions before, during, and after a reading session. F. Plus, hes not only seeing the words, hes hearing them，too. G. He should recognize at least 90 percent of the words without any help.本文说明的是如何提高我们的阅读理解能力。1F 从F中所给出的seeing和hearing我们可以看出这一句是说大声阅读的方法。2C 本空承接前一句而来。前一句说到“Make sure your child gets lots of practice Reading books that arent too hard，”由此我们知道，孩子的读物不要过难。本空就是对难度的具体要求。3A 本空是整段的主题。从“To gain meaning from text，your child needs to read quickly and smoothly-a skill known as fluency”我们知道，要得到课文的意思，孩子必须学会流畅地阅读。4E 本空从下文得出。下文讲解读前、读中和读后所应提的问题，因此我们可以得出答案。5B 空前的during显然是指阅读过程中的事情，在阅读的过程中我们自然要知道故事中正在发生什么。3、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 _1_ Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic and can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive(重新体验) these experiences in nightmares. Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people for memories. _2_ They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase, the effect of painful memories. In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. _3_ _4_ Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “_5_ They e back when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually e with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry(精神病学)at Harvard Medical School, “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”A. Not all memories are sweet.B. The research has caught wide attention.C. Some memories can ruin peoples lives.D. Bad memories result from bad experiences.E. The research has caused a great deal of argument.F. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience.G. So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.答案与解析痛苦的记忆有时挥之不去，让人痛不欲生，在美国，有人研发出一种药物，能够帮助人们减轻这种痛苦。同时，这种做法的合理性也在社会上引起了争议。1A 下文说，有些人总是尽力忘记自己不愉快的经历，因此文章开头是要说明，并不是所有的记忆都是令人愉快的。2F 后文说这种药丸的作用是帮助人们忘记不愉快的经历，因此推断人们应该在经历J不愉快之后吃这种药丸。3G 从前文可知，只是不愉快记忆的效果可以减弱，因此这种药丸并不能完全消除不愉快记忆。4E 本段通过while这一并列句的形式介绍人们对这种药丸持有不同的意见，由此可知人们对这种药丸有争议。5C 后文说明，痛苦的记忆有时挥之不去，因此推断它可能会把一个人的一生毁掉。4、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every day we meet people in a number of business and social situations. _1_ Its important to do so in a proper way, no matter whether you are introducing yourself to someone, or introducing two people to each other. To keep you aware of this, we have gathered tips on how to make a proper introduction. Always stand when making an introduction. When you are seated and someone es up to greet you, make the effort to stand up. _2_ Always maintain eye contact while making an introduction. Many people are not aware of the value of this simple action. _3_ Always introduce a person of lesser authority to one of greater authority. The most important thing to remember is to say the most important persons name first. _4_ A man is presented to a woman and a younger woman to an older woman. What if you find yourself in a situation where you have forgotten the other persons name? Start with a handshake and reintroduce yourself. By doing this, you will usually cause the other person to do the same. However, if the other person does not take your suggestion, it is OK simply to apologize and let the person know that you cannot remember her or his name. This is not the ideal situation, of course, but it does happen to all of us. _5_A. We should avoid it.B. But they should know its importance.C. The other person should be forgiving.D. And the way we meet and greet them creates an impression.E. When you make eye contact you are giving a confident image.F. By doing this, you show respect for yourself and for the other person.G. Ina situation where rank is unimportant, an introduction is based on sex and age.答案与解析人类是一种社会性的动物，因此学会如何在社交场合介绍人还是很重要的。1D 本空联系下文我们可以得答案。下文有Its impportant to do so in a proper way我们可以知道合适的介绍方式是非常重要的。2. F 当别人走向你时，你应该站起来，因为这样才表达对别人与白己的尊重。3E 本空与空前的黑体句子有着直接的关系。本空说明了eye contact的重要作用。4. G 从“A man is presented to a woman and a younger woman to an older woman，”我们知道，男子要介绍给女子，年轻的要介绍给老人，因此要依据性别与年龄。5. C 本空承接上句而来。尽管这不是个理想的情况，但是它是确实会发生的，因此对方应该谅解。A项干扰性最大，因为这样的事情一定会发生的，因此是无法避免的，故A项错误。