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情景交际,.社会交往一、问候1.基本用语:1)见面问候：Goodmorning.Hello/Hi.2)代向某人问候：Bestwishes/regardstosb.giveonesregardstosb.giveonesbestregardstosb.,知识梳理,3)替某人向问好：say“Hi/Hello”tosb.fromsb.giveonesregardstosb.Pleaseremembermeto.回答：Iwill.Thanks.,4)Howdoyoudo?(初次见面)Howdoyoudo?Howareyou?(比较熟悉的人)Fine,thankyou.Andyou?/Verywell,thankyou.Howareyougettingalongwith.?Everythingisfine!Howareyoudoing?Imjustgreat!,Howiseverything?Verywell,thankyou!Howisyourvacation/holiday/weekend?Notbad!Whatsup?Couldntbebetter,thankyou!Whatsgoingon?Justso-so.,2.注意要点：1)“Howareyou?”用于询问对方的身体情况，可根据实际情况回答，如：Fine/Verywell,thankyou.(very)good不能用来表示身体健康。假如身体确实不太舒服并想让对方知道，不妨说“Nottoowell,Imafraid.”,2)对于不认识的人，想要他(或她)停下的说法：Hey,Sir/Madam！或Justamoment,Sir/Madam.3)与英美人见面寒暄时，不应问及他(或她)的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。,二、介绍1.基本用语:1)ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/.MayIintroduceyouto.?Idlikeyoutomeet.2)Howdoyoudo?Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.Nicemeetingyou.3)Mynameis.Ima.(student/teacher，etc.)MayIknowyourname?,2注意要点:1)“Nicetomeetyou.”与“Nicetoseeyou.”有一点区别：前者是初次见面被人介绍相识后的寒暄用语(认识你很高兴)；后者与前者在意思上相同，但是用于熟人之间一段时间未见面后再次相遇。两者回答用语与问候语相同。2)“Nicetomeetyou.”表示初次见面时的问候，而“Nicemeetingyou.”则是初次见面告别时的用语。,三、告别1基本用语:1)直接的告别语有：Goodbye/Byebye/Bye！Seeyou(tomorrow)！Seeyoulater!Farewell!Goodnight.2)委婉的告别语有：Idliketosaygoodbyetoeveryone.Imcallingtosaygoodbye.,ImafraidImustbeleaving/offnow.Ithinkitstimeforustoleavenow.3)其他带有祝愿以及叮嘱等意义的告别语：Illlookforwardtoseeingyousoon.Letshopewellmeetagain.Hopetoseeyouagain.Dropinanytimeyoulike.,2注意要点:告别前通常要说一两句客套话，如：ImafraidImustbeoff/goingnow.长久告别时，还可同时表达希望今后多联系(Keep/Getintouch.)、要对方保重身体(Takecare.)、问候对方家人(Pleasesendmybestregardstoyourfamily.)等。,四、感谢基本用语:1)感谢用语：ThankyouverymuchThanksalot.Manythanks.Thanksfor.Itsverykindofyouto.,Iappreciateyourhelp.Thankyouallthesame.Itsmostthoughtfulofyou.Idontknowhowtoexpressmythanks.,2)答语：Notatall.Thatsallright/OK.Yourewelcome.Itsreallynothing.Dontmentionit.,五、道歉1.基本用语:1)道歉用语：Imsorry.Imsorryfor/about.Imsorrytodo.Imsorrytohavedone.Excuse/Pardonme(for.)Pleaseforgivemefor.sb.beafraidthat.Whatapity/shame!Itsapitythat.,2)答语：Itisnotimportant.Itsquiteallright.Nevermind.Itdoesntmatter(atall).Notatall.Itsnothing.Thatsnothing.Pleasedontworry.Itsnothingtoworryabout.Dontmentionit.Thatsokay.Dontletitbotheryou.,2注意要点:1)“Excuseme”常用于下列情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要暂时离开时；就某事表示不同意见时；自己的言行将会影响他人时。(即：在说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用以引起别人注意)打扰别人为“劳驾”；请求别人让路、向别人问路、打听消息意为“对不起，请问”。回答时说：Yes?,2)“Sorry.”说话人做了错事或无意中与别人发生冲撞时于事后向他人表示歉意；可表示因不能满足他人要求而表示歉意。3)“Ibegyourpardon?”表示听话人未能听清楚他人所说的话，希望说话人重复所说的话时的礼貌用法，“麻烦再说一遍”。4)“Imsorrytohearit/that.”则是对说话者本人或近亲属已经发生的不幸表示遗憾。,六、邀请1基本用语:1)Wouldyoucometo.?Wouldyouliketo.?Idliketoinviteyouto.2)Yes,Idlove/beglad/happyto(.)Illbegladto.Ofcourse.Yes,itsverykind/niceofyou.Yes,great.Sure.Yes,withpleasure.3)Idloveto,but.Imsorry,butIcant.,2.注意要点:1)接受他人邀请时通常还要表示一下感谢：Yes,Idloveto.Yes,itsverykind/niceofyou.Yes,withpleasure.2)如果是稍有保留地接受，可这样说：IwillifIcan.Itsverykindofyoutoinviteme,butImnotsureifIcancome.,3)拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No，而要婉言谢绝(通常会说明理由)，并要声明自己是愿意接受“邀请”的，但因某种原因不能接受，并表示歉意或感谢。常用：Idliketo,butImtoobusy.Ireallyenjoyit,butIvegottogonow.IwishIcouldacceptyourinvitation,butImafraidIdonthavetimetogo.Thankyouforyourkindness,butIvegotanappointmentatthattime.,七、祝愿和祝贺基本用语：1)Bestwishestoyou!Iwishyougoodhealth.Goodluck!Goodluckwith.Wishyousuccess！Mayyousuccess/succeed!2)MerryChristmas！3)Congratulations(on.)！Welldone!4)Enjoyyourvacation！EnjoyyourstayinChina.,八、提供帮助基本用语：1)提供帮助：Can/Could/ShallIhelpyou?WhatcanIdoforyou?Isthereanything(else)Icandoforyou?Wouldyouliketo.?Canyoudomeafavor?,2)接受帮助：Thatwouldbenice/fine.Thatsverykindofyou.Thankyouforyourhelp.Yes,please.Here,takethis/my.,九、打电话1.基本用语:Hello！MayIspeakto.?Hello！Is.in?May/CouldIspeakto.?Isthat.(speaking)?Holdon,please.Hello,whoisit/that?He/Sheisnthererightnow.CanItakeamessageforyou?Thisis.speaking.,2.注意要点:代接电话的人叫某人接电话时，先对打电话的人说：Holdon,please.Justaminute,please.然后叫人接电话：Youarewantedonthephone.Theresacallforyou.,十、就餐基本用语:Whatwouldyoulike(tohave).?Wouldyoulikesomething(toeat/drink)?Helpyourselftosome.Letmegiveyou.Makeyourselfathome.Idlike.Acake/Twoeggs,please.Yes,please.Justalittle,please.Ivehadenough.Imfull,thankyou.No,thanks.,CanIhavethebill,please?Itsmytreatthistime.Illpay.LetsgoDutchthistime.Waiter!Thebill,please.,十一、就医听到自己的亲人、朋友或熟人等谈到有关身体健康的问题时，如“IthinkIhaveabadcold.”如果是朋友，回答“Imsorrytohearthat.”或“Youdbetterseeadoctor.”如果是说给医生听，医生需用“Takeiteasy.”来回答。1)医生询问病人的用语：Whatsthematterwithyou？Whatswrongwithyou?,2)病人应答语：Theressomethingwrongwithmyback.Ihaveaheadache/Myheadaches.Ihavegotacough.Ihavegotapainhere.Ithurtshereandthere.Idontfeelwelltoday.,3)医生诊断、提建议及安慰用语：Letmetakeyourtemperature.Itsnothingserious.Youhadbetteraskforaleaveandhavearestforafewdays.Drinkmorewaterandhaveagoodrest.Takethesepills3timesaday.,十二、提醒注意Dontforgetyourraincoat.Remembertolockthedoor.Makesurethatallthewindowsareclosed.NoSmoking!NoSpitting!Lookout!Becareful!Wetfloor!Donttouch!Itsdangerous!Keepoff!Wetpaint!,十三、建议与劝告以建议或者劝告的形式要某人做一件事，不同于直接命令，因为说话人只是提出建议，而把做与不做的决定权留给听话人。对于他人提出的建议和忠告，若认为可以接受，要表示赞赏或感谢。在拒绝对方的建议时，一般要给出理由。,基本用语：1)Iadviseyou(not)to.Youdbetter(not).Isuggestthatyou(should).Whynot.?Whydontyoudo.?How/Whataboutdoing.?Shallwe.?Lets.,2)Yes,Isupposeso.Yes,butdontyouthink.?Thatsgreat.Thatsagoodidea.Whynot?3)Thatsimpossible,butthankyouallthesame.Itsnotourfault.ImafraidIcantdothat.ImafraidIcantfollowyouradvice.,.情感一、高兴Imglad/pleased/happyto.Thatsnice/wonderful/great.Howwonderful/nice!二、惊奇Really?/Isthatso?Ohdear！/MyGod！Goodheavens!/ThankGoodness！Icanhardlybelievemyears/eyes.,三、忧虑Whatswrong？Whatsthematter(withyou)?Isthereanythingwrong?Oh,whatshallIdo?Wewereallanxiousabout.,四、满意Good！Welldone！Perfect!Thatsfine.Thatsbetter.Thatsgoodenough.Impleasedwith五、遗憾Imsosorry！Itsagreatpity！Whatashame!Thatstoobad!IwishIhadnevergivenitup.IfIhadbeenthere,hewouldnothavemadesuchaseriousmistake.,六、同情Imsosorry!Imsosorryaboutyourillness.Imsorrytohearyouaregoingaway.Pleaseacceptmydeepsympathy.,.态度一、同意与不同意当对方提出某种观点、意见或请求时，要表示恰当而具体的态度。要有明确答复。1.同意：Certainly/Sure/Ofcourse.Allright.Yes,Ithinkso.Thatstrue.Good!Excellent!Whatagoodidea!Itcouldntbebetter.Thatsagoodidea.Itsagoodideathat.Iagree(withyou).Thatstherightthingtodo.,2.不同意：No,Idontthinkso.Imafraidnot.ImafraidI(really)cantagreewithyou.Itsnotverynice.Idontthinkthatisagoodidea.Personally,Ifeelthatitsunwise.Whataterribleidea！Noway！,二、肯定与不肯定对某件事情的真实性是否肯定、是否有把握，在英语中常用sure，certain，doubt等词或may，might，must等情态动词表达。may，might具有试探性，must表示一种逻辑推断的必然。此外，为了增强客气的口吻，表示不肯定时可以伴随一些表示遗憾、担忧或歉意的表达方式。,三、可能与不可能Hemay.Itispossiblethat.Itislikelythat.Heisnotlikelytodo/that.Itlooksasif/thoughitmightrainlater.Itappearstomethatwellhavetogoonfoot.Idoubtthat.Thats/Itsquiteimpossible.Itsveryunlikely.Thatshardlypossible.Thatllneverhappen.,四、偏爱与爱好Whichdoyouprefer,teaorcoffee?Ipreferteatocoffee.prefertodoratherthandopreferdoingtodoingIdliketogobytrain.Myfavoritesubjectisphysics.Idratherdrinkcoffeethantea.,五、意愿与打算当希望别人做某事或者不愿意让别人做某事，或者表达自己的一种希望、愿望时需要恰当用词，这样才能准确地传达自己的意图。Imgoingto.Iwill.Iwouldliketo.Ifeellike.I(donot)wish/want/hopeto.Iwishthat.Iintend/mean/planto.,Imreadyto.Iwouldrathernottellyou.IwoulddoitifIshouldhavethechance.IfonlyIcouldseehim.,六、征求或表达意见在表明自己对事物的判断时，好坏要明确，是非要分明。尤其在对方干得比较出色时，要多加鼓励。如Welldone！Goodjob！Quiteperfect！等。如果要陈述自己的某些观点时，英语中一般要使用一些较委婉的短语，如：inmyopinion,asIseeit,sofarasIknow,personallyspeaking等。,交际用语的考查点相对集中。主要考查社会交往中的一些日常交际用语。以应答为主，提问为辅；以跨文化交际中差异明显的交际项目为重点考查对象。1.考查习惯应答语。问候、告别、打电话、问路、看病、购物、感谢、道歉、祝愿、请求等常见的交际话题均有其较为固定的套语。用英美人的思维方式，遵循习惯进行回答。常见回答用语主要有以下几个方面：,考点归纳,1)常用于接受或拒绝请求、邀请的应答用语有：Withpleasure./Yes,helpyourself./Noproblem./Goodidea./Sorry,but/Idratheryou/Thankyou,but/Noway./Forgetit.等。2)常用于感谢的应答用语有：Thatsallright./Youarewelcome./Dontmentionit./Itismypleasure(Mypleasure)./Notatall.等。,3)常用于道歉的应答用语有：Nevermind./Itdoesntmatter./Notatall./Thatsallright./Thatisnothing.等。4)常用于祝愿和祝贺的应答用语有：Goodluck!/Bestwishestoyou!/Haveanicetime!/Congratulations!/MerryChristmas!/Thankyou./Thesametoyou.等。,2.考查文化差异语。汉语和英语在交际文化方面有许多共同之处，但也存在诸多差异。这些差异往往是考查的重中之重。避免母语交际定式的干扰，根据英语的文化交际习惯来应答是掌握文化差异的关键。,3.考查语言结构语。根据不同的交际情景，说话者会采用不同的交际用语来表达自己的态度和情感。当说话人对刚刚提出的说法或意见持肯定态度时，可以说：Yes，Ithink(suppose,believe)so./Yes,Imafraidso.对刚刚提出的说法或意见持否定态度时，则说：No，Idontthink(suppose)so./No,Idontbelieveso./No,Ibelieve(suppose)not./No,Ihopenot./No,Iamafraidnot.,1.Readingisthebestwaytopasstimeonthetrain._.Inevergotravellingwithoutabook.A.YouarejokingB.ThatstrueC.IdontthinksoD.Itsoundslikefun,B,2.Imsorryforbreakingthecup.Oh,_Ivegotplenty.A.forgetitB.mypleasureC.helpyourselfD.pardonme3._！Somebodyhasleftthelabdooropen.Dontlookatme.ADearmeBHi,thereCThankgoodnessDComeon,A,A,4.IsAnnecomingtomorrow?_Ifsheweretocome,shewouldhavecalledme.AGoaheadBCertainlyCThatsrightDIdontthinkso5.Howaboutdinnertonight?Itsonme._A.YouarewelcomeB.Oh,IdliketoC.Well,ImafraidsoD.Thatsallright,D,B,6.IamgoingtoSpainforaholidaysoon._.A.ItsmypleasureB.NevermindC.LeaveitaloneD.Goodforyou7.CouldIusethisdictionary?_.Itsaspareone.A.GoodideaB.JustgoaheadC.YourewelcomeD.Youdbetternot,D,B,巩固练习,Imsorry,Sir.Igotstuckintheheavysnowonthewaytoworkthismorning._youweresolate.Itisnoneofyourbusiness.A.GoaheadB.ForgetitC.NowonderD.Noway解析：goahead“继续”;forgetit“没关系;算了”;nowonder“难怪”;noway“没门”。,2.Youknowwhat?IamgoingtoShanghaionafreetripthisweekend._.A.Goodforyou!B.Itisnoneofmybusiness.C.Youmusthavebeencheated.D.Sowhat?解析：Goodforyou!你真行!Itisnoneofmybusiness这不关我的事;Youmusthavebeencheated你肯定被骗了;Sowhat?那又怎样?,3.Myfatherisinhospitalagain._.Ihopehellrecoversoon.A.ItsOKB.SorrytohearthatC.AllrightD.Dontmentionit解析：Sorrytohearthat听到那件事我很难过;ItsOK/Allright好的;Dontmentionit别客气。,4.Willyoucompletethetaskintime?Sure,Iwill._.A.EverythingispossibleB.ButitstoohardC.NomatterwhatwillhappenD.Thoughitsapieceofcake解析：此处答语部分相当于Sure,Iwillcompletethetaskintime,nomatterwhatwillhappen。Nomatterwhatwillhappen是一个让步状语从句。,5.Ittookmetwentyyearstobuildupmybusiness,anditalmostkilledme.Well,youknowwhattheysay._.A.ThereisnosmokewithoutfireB.PracticemakesperfectC.AllroadsleadtoRomeD.Nopains,nogains解析：“花了我二十年时间成就事业,费了不少劲”可知,另一方则表达了观点“不劳无获(Nopains,nogains)”。,6.Doyouenjoytheseafoodhere?_,butIvegotusedtoitanyway.A.CantlikeitbetterB.NotreallyC.NotbadactuallyD.Imreallysorry,7.Itsbeenrainingforawholeweek.Ithinkitllgetfinesoon._.Wearegettingintotherainyseasonnow.A.Yes,itwillB.OfcoursenotC.ItspossibleD.Itshardtosay解析：一方认为“天很快会转晴”,另一方则表示一种“不肯定”的看法:很难说。,8.DoyoumindifIopenthedoor?_.Ifeelabitcold.A.OfcoursenotB.IdratheryoudidntC.GoaheadD.Pleasecloseit解析：考查回答Doyoumindif.的用语。根据Ifeelabitcold可知,此处表示“我宁愿你别开”。故选B。,9.ItwasannouncedthatanotherstudentinourschoolhadwonthefirstprizeforChinaHighSchoolChemistryOlympiad.Oh,really?_Hemusthaveputalotofworkintoit.A.Thatsoundsfine.B.Thatsquitesomething.C.Thatsagoodpoint.D.Getamoveon.解析：Thatsquitesomething.表示对上面所说情况的赞扬和肯定,“真了不起”。,10.Imnotgoodattabletennis,youknow._.Wereplayingforfun.Justtryandyoullseeyoucandoit.A.Well,itdepends.B.Takeyourtime.C.Comeon!D.ThatsOK.解析：A“好的,看情况而定”;B“别着急”;C“(用于鼓励他人)来吧”;D“好的”。,
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