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专题十 动词的语态,山西专用,1被动语态的构成,2需要使用被动语态的情况: 在不知道动作的执行者是谁时。如: These books are written for children.这些书是为孩子们编写的。(谁写的不知道) 当动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。如: China was liberated in 1949.1949年中国解放。(不言而喻是中国共产党解放的) 虽然可以说出动作的执行者,但动作的承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。如: My watch has been repaired.我的表修好了。(表修好了是谈话的主旨,是谁修好的则不必提及),出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方。如: You are wished to do it more carefully.希望你认真一点儿做。(谁希望,不愿或不便说出来) 当人不是动作的执行者时。如: We are all shocked by the news of his sudden death.他的突然去世使我们大家都感到震惊。,3主动语态与被动语态的互相转换 主动语态:动作执行者动词主动形式动作承受者 被动语态:动作承受者动词被动语态动作执行者 如: We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态) He was asked to sing an English song by us.我们叫他唱首英文歌。 【注意】 某些动词形式是主动语态,但含有被动的意思。如: The dictionary sells well.这本字典卖得好。 The sweater costs $ 88.这件毛衣卖88美元。 主动语态中有些动词,如:make,see,listen,watch,feel后跟省to的不定式作宾补,变为被动语态时要带上to。如: He made the boy laugh. The boy was made to laugh by him.那个男孩被他逗笑了。,动词短语变为被动语态时,动词短语后的介词或副词不能省略。如: The baby was looked after by her sister.那个婴儿由她姐姐照顾。 4不能使用被动语态的情况 连系动词,如:look,feel,smell等,以主动形式表示被动含义。如: The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。 The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。 有些词组的主动形式表被动含义,如:need doing sth.(需要做某事),be worth doing sth.(值得做某事)等。如: Your bedroom is much mess.It needs cleaning right now.你的卧室太乱了,需要马上打扫一下。 表示“发生”的happen或take place,无被动语态。如:故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。 The story happened on a cold night.() The story was happened on a cold night.(),1Food safety is very important.More rules should _in China. Amake Bbe making Cbe made 2An expert team _to study H7N9 bird flu virus in April,2013. Ais set up Bwas set up Chas set up 3The sports meeting _next month. Awill hold Bis going to hold Cwill be held 4Boys and girls,the books in the library should _ good care of. Abe taken Btake Care taking 5Do you know when the first train _ in China? Awas produced Bis produced Cproduced,C,B,C,A,A,
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