阅读理解推断词句意义.ppt

推断词句意义,这类试题的考点包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、有隐含意义的句子的意思，以及对that/it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。在高考广东卷每年高考题中有23道。 提问方式 (1)What does the underlined word “” refer to? (2)In the. paragraph, the word. means (refers to). (3)According to the passage, . probably means_.,(4)The underlined phrase “”most probably means_. (5)The underlined word “” could best be replaced by _. (6)What does “” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (7) “” as used in the text means _. (8)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？,解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文来推测其意思。另外，注意以下小技巧： (1)通过表示接近或递进的and或or等来确定生词的义域，推知它的大致意义。 (2)通过生词后的定语、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。,(3)代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中，找到指代的内容后把它放在那个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判定它是否为正确答案。 (4)考题中若是需要推测意思的是熟词，我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思，那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案。,1. 如何判断指代关系 一般说来，that, it, they, them, one等代词的确指内容是在此词的前面，理解上下文(特别是上句)的意思和本句的意思是解题的关键。,(1) I regret that there are so few comfortable meeting places. Youre forced to live indoors. In Paris I go out much more, to restaurants and nightclubs. To meet friends here it usually has to be in a pub, and it can be difficult to go there alone as a woman. The cafes are not terribly nice. As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb(a lot of money) on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use it, but now Im afraid.,58. The underlined part “it” (in Para. 2) refers to_. a taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. public transport,D,(2) While the changes in the tail wagging were not easily noticed without the aid of video, it was thought that the findings could help people judge the mood (心情) of dogs. Computer and video systems, for example, could be used by professional dog trainers to determine the mood of dogs that they were required to approach(靠近 ). 74. The underlined word “they” refers to . the dogs B. the trainers C. the systems D. the researchers,B,(3) It now takes years for scientists to collect all the data they need to describes and analyze species. The creators of the Encyclopedia of Life hope that their new tool will speed up that process. (北京) 62. In the last paragraph,” that process” means _. A. analyzing species B. creating a new tool C. collecting data D. describing species,C,2. 根据转折对比关系推测 根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接性词语来推测词义。 如表示转折的词有but, however, otherwise, though等; 表示对比关系的标志性词语有unlike, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等； 另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。,(1) In the first case, where we dont tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief. In the process, we would lose some peace of mind and self-respect. We would also demonstrate(证明) that we cannot be trusted, since we advertise our- dishonor by telling our family and friends. We damage our own reputations by telling others. In contrast, bringing the error to the clerks attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable(高尚的) .,Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility. 48. The phrase “bringing the error to the clerks attention” means _. A. telling the truth to the clerk B. offering advice to the clerk C. asking the clerk to be more attentive D. reminding the clerk of the charged item,A,(2) In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, lotus flowers, and clustering. As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more. They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups. They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson. I find that creativity (创新)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency.,68. The underlined words “waiting for the bell” in this paragraph probably mean _. longing for a phone call B. hoping to have a bell C. expecting the end of the class D. wanting to speak in class,C,3. 根据因果关系推测 就是根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。可能是由表示原因的句意推出表示结果的句子中的某个生词或短语的意思，即由因推果法；也可能是由表示结果的句意推出表示原因的句子中的某个词或短语的意思，即由果推因法。表示因果关系的有because, so that, so/suchthat等。,(1) Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined(使失色 ).,56. The underlined expression make a big “to do” over (paragraph 4) means _. A. show much concern about B. have a special effect on C. list jobs to be done for D. do good things for,A,(2) When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white packageblue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.,65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours _. attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customers C. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest,D,4. 根据下文描述推测 就是由下文的阐述或描述来推测前面总述句的意义，从而猜测出总句中的某个词语的意思。 (1) Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.,Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow? 60. The underlined word “cultivated” (paragraph 1) roughly means _. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed,D,(2) Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down.,64. By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions . are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat,C,5. 根据上文内容推测 就是由上文的阐述或描述来，或上下文之间的逻辑关系，推测后面某句话中某个生词或短语的意义。,(1) When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area？I wanted to know.,69. The underlined phrase “turn his back on” (paragraph 6) most probably means . leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on,C,(2) Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “The wind starts out by making little ripples (涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves,” Taylor said. “Waves are one of natures ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”,65. The underlined phrase “picking up” (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to _. starting again B. speeding up C. gathering D. improving,C,6. 根据后面的解释推测 就是根据后面的括号中、破折号后面、或者引号中的内容，或者后面的定语从句，以及namely 和that is等后面的内容推测生词或短语的意思。,(1) The schools are reluctant to take time offeven teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. 59. The underlined word “reluctant“ in the passage may probably mean_. kind B. unwilling C. free D. careless,B,(2) Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favouritism will replace equality.,82. The word “favouritism” in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that _. A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B. children from well-respected(受尊敬的 ) schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certificates are favoured in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success,B,7. 根据同义关系推测 根据生词所处语境中的同义或近义词的意思来推测它的意思。,(1) Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year, equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off in the UK each year. 64. The underlined phrase “mopping up” in the second paragraph means _. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving out,B,(2) When people want to know about the weather, they usually go to their radios, TVs, newspapers, or to the Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. Drops in air pressure(压力) produce an effect on small animals in many ways. Mice and deer are good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around, Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains.,45. The word “indicators” in paragraph I probably means . maps B. services C. signs D. stations,C,8. 根据其它方法推测 除了上述着重介绍的7种方法外，还有可以根据并列关系、同类关系、比喻关系、定义关系所举实例、构词法和生活常识等多种方法。请再做以下练习，想想在推测的过程中运用了什么方法：,(1) However, men quickly found more convenient and reliable ways of telling the time. They learned to use the shadows cast by the sun. They marked the hours on candles, used sand in hour-glasses, and invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.,44. The underlined phrase stately homes in paragraph 4 means_. A. state-owned houses B. houses in very good condition C. grand houses open to the public D. houses where statesmen meet regularly,C,(2) One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65. Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modem equipments. This year 28 babies will be born. Ten people will die, 3 of them for lack of food, 1 from cancer (2004广东),62. The underlined part “have access to” (in Para. 4) means_. A. use B. buy C. produce D. try 特别提醒：在推测生词的过程中不一定只用一种方法，而是综合运用两种或几种方法，不管用什么方法都离不开对生词所处的上下文的理解。,A,goodbye,